转自：贵州日报 晕厥常见的原因有四个。一是比较常见的体位性低血压，它常见于久蹲后站起来、脱水或不当使用降压 药的情况下，因血容量相对不足，加之发生体位的变化，导致血压可能无法及时调节从而引起的脑缺 血。 急救"昏招儿"不可取 四川大学华西医院主任医师万智介绍，"掐人中""喂水"等方法都不是科学的急救方法，部分操作还可能 加重病情。 见有人晕倒，大家马上一拥而上掐人中的画面，成了不少影视剧中经常出现的桥段。那么，遇到晕厥的 人，"掐人中""喂水"这些流传甚广的施救"偏方"真的管用吗？且听医生详解。 二是神经反射异常导致的晕厥。在情绪激动、恐惧、紧张造成的过度换气，或者剧烈疼痛、长时间站立 以及排尿等等这样一些刺激下引发血管扩张或者心率减慢，可能导致脑部供血的骤减。 三是心源性因素，如心律失常、冠心病等导致的晕厥。 四是神经源性因素，比如短暂性脑缺血发作或者癫痫等等，这些都是导致晕厥的常见原因。 突发晕厥应就医检查 其中"掐人中"可能因为强烈的疼痛刺激，导致患者暂时唤醒，但是无法解决根本性的晕厥原因，而且用 力过度可能还会导致皮肤和软组织的损伤；而晕厥的时候，患者的吞咽反射是减弱的，这时候喂水可能 导致呛咳、误吸 ...

Core Insights - Emergency rescue and safety assurance are vital for the operation of mega cities, with the "golden four minutes" being crucial for increasing survival rates in cases of cardiac arrest [1] Group 1: Emergency Response at Shanghai Railway Station - On February 7, a passenger at Shanghai Railway Station experienced a cardiac event, and timely intervention by railway staff and medical personnel led to a successful recovery [1] - The establishment of a medical point at Shanghai Railway Station and the training system by China Railway Shanghai Group significantly contributed to the effective emergency response [1] Group 2: Training and Equipment Initiatives - By the end of 2025, the China Railway Shanghai Group plans to have over 15,700 employees, with more than 60,000 having undergone Red Cross emergency rescue training [3] - The Long Triangle Railway has equipped nearly 700 AED devices, with over 30 located at major railway stations in Shanghai, ensuring a professional and regular medical support system [3] - The Shanghai Red Cross will train 80,000 certified emergency rescuers over two years as part of a government initiative, aiming to enhance community safety [5][6] Group 3: AED Deployment and Community Training - By 2025, Shanghai will add 8,190 AEDs in residential areas and key public places, bringing the total to over 14,000, achieving a deployment rate of over 50 AEDs per 100,000 people [5] - The training program will cover various demographics, including government agencies, schools, and communities, with over 200,000 certified rescuers expected by the end of the initiative [5] - The training curriculum has been optimized to include practical skills relevant to everyday risks, with a high satisfaction rate reported among participants [5]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that common rescue methods for fainting, such as "pinching the philtrum" and "giving water," are not scientifically valid and may worsen the patient's condition [2] Group 1: Misconceptions about First Aid - Common methods like "pinching the philtrum" and "giving water" are not scientifically supported and can potentially exacerbate the situation [2] - "Pinching the philtrum" may temporarily awaken the patient due to pain but does not address the underlying cause of fainting and can cause skin and soft tissue damage [2] - Administering water during fainting can lead to choking, aspiration, pneumonia, or suffocation due to the patient's weakened swallowing reflex [2] Group 2: Causes of Fainting - Fainting is characterized by a sudden, brief loss of consciousness, typically resolving within seconds to minutes, and is distinct from dizziness or coma [3] - Four common causes of fainting include: 1. Orthostatic hypotension, often occurring after standing up quickly, dehydration, or improper use of antihypertensive medications, leading to insufficient blood volume and brain ischemia [3] 2. Neurogenic reflex abnormalities triggered by emotional stress, pain, or prolonged standing, causing blood vessel dilation or decreased heart rate, which can reduce blood flow to the brain [4] 3. Cardiac factors such as arrhythmias or coronary heart disease [4] 4. Neurological factors like transient ischemic attacks or seizures [5] Group 3: Recommendations for Management - To prevent fainting and falls, individuals should rise slowly after sitting or squatting, and if feeling dizzy, they should hold onto something stable or lie down to avoid injury [6] - After a fainting episode, patients may feel normal but should not ignore the incident; medical consultation is advised, especially if fainting occurs frequently [6] Group 4: CPR Guidelines - In cases of sudden fainting in public, whether to perform CPR depends on the presence of cardiac arrest; the first step is to check for consciousness and breathing [7] - If the patient is unresponsive and not breathing normally, immediate help should be called, and an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) should be sought [7] - Chest compressions should be performed until professional help arrives or the AED is available [7][8]

Group 1 - The core initiative of the 2025 Hainan provincial livelihood project is to equip 1,340 village health clinics with Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs), with a total investment of 12.06 million yuan [2] - The installation of AEDs in village health clinics aims to enhance emergency response capabilities and provide a sense of security for local residents, as expressed by Lin Jianle, the village party secretary [2][3] - The AEDs are crucial for restoring normal heart rhythms in cases of sudden cardiac arrest, and training for village doctors on CPR and AED operation has been conducted to ensure they are prepared for emergencies [4] Group 2 - Lin Jianle's personal experience with a family member's heart attack highlights the importance of timely medical intervention and the potential impact of having AEDs available in rural areas [3] - The training provided to village doctors not only covers operational skills but also boosts their confidence in handling emergencies, which is essential for effective community health management [4] - Plans are in place to conduct practical training sessions for villagers on the use of AEDs and CPR, emphasizing the need for community education in emergency preparedness [4]

Core Points - The theme of the 26th World First Aid Day on September 13 is "First Aid and Climate Change" [1] - Temperature fluctuations increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, making timely assistance crucial during heart emergencies [1] Group 1: Misconceptions about Self-Rescue - The idea of "coughing to save oneself" during a heart attack is widely circulated but lacks scientific support and can worsen the situation [2] - Coughing may temporarily increase chest pressure but does not address the underlying blockage and can lead to further complications [2] Group 2: Correct First Aid Procedures - In case of a heart attack, individuals should call emergency services immediately and avoid actions like pounding the chest or deep breathing [3] - Nitroglycerin is recommended as the primary emergency medication for heart conditions, while "fast-acting heart-saving pills" can be used as an alternative if nitroglycerin is unavailable [4] Group 3: CPR and AED Usage - CPR steps include assessing the environment, calling for help, and performing chest compressions followed by rescue breaths [6] - The use of Automated External Defibrillators (AED) is critical for treating cardiac arrest caused by ventricular fibrillation [7] Group 4: Asthma and Other Emergencies - During an asthma attack, assisting the patient to a comfortable position can help alleviate symptoms [8] - For unconscious patients, ensuring their safety and maintaining an open airway is essential until professional help arrives [9] Group 5: Importance of First Aid Knowledge - The need for professional knowledge and skills in emergency situations is emphasized to effectively save lives [10] - Promoting first aid education can enhance self-rescue and mutual aid capabilities within communities [11]

Core Points - The initiative "Everyone Health 'Rescue' Around Us - First Aid Skills Training" was launched in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, focusing on training pharmacy staff in emergency rescue skills [1][5] - The training aims to promote the concept of "everyone learns first aid, first aid for everyone" within the community, enhancing the life safety defense for residents [1] Group 1 - The training targets pharmacy staff, utilizing a systematic and practical approach to emergency rescue courses, including theoretical knowledge and real-life case analysis [4] - The program emphasizes the importance of pharmacy staff mastering first aid skills, positioning them as reliable first responders during emergencies [4] - Participants expressed newfound confidence in their ability to perform first aid, particularly in CPR and AED usage, and are motivated to share their knowledge with the community [4] Group 2 - The project has received support from local Red Cross societies and emergency centers, expanding to various cities including Shenzhen, Zibo, Xi'an, Tianjin, and Changzhou [5] - The training aims to enhance public first aid skills and awareness, contributing to a more prepared community in the face of health emergencies [5]

Core Insights - The Shanghai Medical Emergency Center has experienced a significant increase in emergency calls and ambulance dispatches due to the recent heatwave, with a 5.15% rise in call volume to 158,000 and a 10.26% increase in ambulance dispatches to 70,800 compared to the same period last year [1][2] - The center has implemented measures to enhance emergency response capabilities, including increasing standby vehicles and medical supplies to meet the demands of high temperatures [3][6] - The training and development of emergency medical personnel have been prioritized, with a focus on standardized training and the establishment of a talent pipeline for emergency medical professionals [6][8] Emergency Response Operations - The emergency dispatch center operates with a structured schedule, ensuring adequate staffing even during meal breaks, with 22 personnel on duty [2] - Real-time monitoring by secondary doctors enhances the quality of emergency response, allowing for better decision-making during chaotic situations [2][3] - The center has adapted to the rising number of non-emergency calls, urging the public to use emergency resources judiciously [12] Training and Development - The Shanghai Medical Emergency Center has initiated a standardized training program for emergency medical personnel, with 89 doctors selected for training from 2021 to 2024 [6][8] - The center has also launched a free undergraduate training program for emergency medical professionals, attracting significant interest from students [6][8] - Public training initiatives have resulted in over 15,000 individuals receiving emergency response training in the past five years [11] Community Engagement - The center emphasizes the importance of public participation in emergency response, aiming to create a community that is prepared to act in emergencies [9][11] - Successful case studies of public involvement in emergency situations have been highlighted, showcasing the effectiveness of community training [10][11] - The center continues to collaborate with various organizations to enhance the overall emergency response framework in Shanghai [11][12]

Industry Overview - The Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable medical device designed for rescuing patients experiencing cardiac arrest, with a market size in China projected to grow from 147 million yuan in 2019 to 5.291 billion yuan by 2024 [1][12] - The AED's core function is to restore normal heart rhythm through electric shock, primarily used for ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia [1][7] - The current AED configuration rate in China is extremely low at 0.2 units per 100,000 people, compared to 317 in the US and 555 in Japan, indicating significant room for growth [7][12] Policy Support - The Chinese government has implemented multiple policies to enhance AED coverage in public spaces, including the "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)" which mandates AED installation in crowded areas [9][10] - Recent initiatives include the "Key Development Action Plan for Emergency Equipment (2023-2025)" aimed at increasing AED promotion and improving pre-hospital emergency capabilities [9][11] Market Dynamics - The AED market in China is experiencing explosive growth due to rising health awareness and government policies, with potential market size reaching 600 billion yuan if the configuration rate aligns with national standards [12][20] - Domestic brands like Mindray and Yuyue are gaining market share, with Mindray holding a 61% market share, while foreign brands like Zoll and Nihon Kohden are losing ground [14][20] Competitive Landscape - The market has shifted from being dominated by foreign brands to a more concentrated competitive landscape with domestic manufacturers leading the way [14][20] - The average price of domestic AEDs has decreased to around 20,000 yuan, facilitating wider adoption [14][20] Future Trends - The penetration of domestic AEDs is expected to exceed 90%, with a focus on technological advancements and cost advantages driving the market [20][21] - The application of AEDs is diversifying beyond traditional public spaces to include schools, communities, and even households, indicating a growing demand in various settings [21][22] - Innovations in AED products are anticipated, particularly for home use, with a trend towards smaller, more portable devices aimed at families and specific demographics like children and the elderly [22]