人民网北京9月16日电 （记者乔业琼）据中疾控微信公众号消息，心脏停跳后，每耽误1分钟，存 活率就可能暴跌10%。与其干等救护车，不如立刻动手——你的按压，可能就是患者活下来的唯一希 望。 心肺复苏操作要点 一是确保安全。快速评估现场环境，确定无触电、火灾、坠物、交通等安全风险。 二是识别症状。轻拍患者双肩，在耳边大声呼叫患者，观察患者胸廓有无起伏。若无反应、无呼吸 （或仅为濒死样喘息），则可初步判断患者发生心脏骤停。 三是立即呼救。一旦怀疑患者发生心脏骤停，应立即高声呼救和拨打120电话，并按照调度员指令 实施救助。 四是胸外按压。让患者平躺在硬质平面上，跪在患者一侧，一手掌根置于两乳头连线中点（胸骨下 半部），双手十指相扣；手臂伸直，用上半身力量垂直下压，深度至少5厘米（成人）；让胸廓完全回 弹，但手掌不离开胸壁，按压速度不少于100次/分钟。 误区一："我不是医生，法律不允许" 《中华人民共和国民法典》第一八四条规定：因自愿实施紧急救助行为造成受助人损害的，救助人 不承担民事责任。 误区二："我会一点儿但做不好" 任何心肺复苏尝试都比什么都不做对患者有益，包括不完美的心肺复苏。 误区三："按坏了怎么办" ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the efforts of a nurse, Fan Luxia, in promoting first aid knowledge in her community, emphasizing the importance of learning life-saving skills to prevent tragedies. Group 1: Background and Motivation - Fan Luxia began her first aid education initiative after witnessing a tragic incident where a 15-year-old boy died due to cardiac arrest, missing the critical "golden four minutes" for effective intervention [2] - Since 2011, she has dedicated her free time to teaching first aid skills to the public, motivated by the belief that many tragedies can be avoided if more people are trained in emergency response [2] Group 2: Teaching Approach and Community Engagement - Initially, her efforts faced skepticism, with many people mistaking her for a salesperson, but over time, interest in learning first aid grew significantly [2] - Fan Luxia actively updates her teaching materials and adapts her methods based on the audience's needs, using her clinical experience to provide relevant first aid techniques [4] - She has gained recognition in the community, often teaching until late at night and receiving invitations from various organizations to conduct workshops, all while maintaining a commitment to free public education [4] Group 3: Personal Commitment and Future Plans - Despite offers for compensation, Fan Luxia insists on providing her services for free, stating that charging would compromise her mission of spreading first aid knowledge [4] - As she approaches retirement, she plans to continue her outreach by traveling across the country to teach first aid wherever she goes [4]

"冷静小孩姐"的出现并非偶然，她的背后是近年来我国持续推进的急救教育进校园、进社区的成果显 现。从教育部将急救知识纳入中小学素质教育内容，到各地红十字会组织开展公益性公众培训，一场关 乎生命安全的全民教育正广泛铺开。胡紫涵的冷静与专业，让我们看到了急救教育的价值——它早早在 孩子心中种下善与责任的种子，并在关键时刻迸发出挽救生命的力量。 不过，我们也要清醒地看到，当前我国公众急救技能普及率仍比较低。许多人在面对突发状况时，或因 知识匮乏而手足无措，或因担心操作不当承担责任而犹豫不决。要改变这种状况，不仅需要更多"冷静 小孩姐"式的榜样激励，更需要制度层面的持续发力：将急救培训纳入国民教育体系，完善公共场所急 救设备配置，建立健全"好人法"保障施救者权益。只有当急救知识成为全民必备素养，我们才能在突发 危机面前织就一张更密实的安全网。 "妈妈，我能救她！" 近日，辽宁沈阳一家餐厅里，一名女子不慎被食物卡住呼吸道，导致呼吸困难。危急时刻，邻桌的小学 生果断上前，运用所学的海姆立克急救法成功帮助女子脱险。这名小学生名叫胡紫涵，其沉着机智的表 现赢得众多网友点赞，被称为"冷静小孩姐"。 关键时刻，"冷静小孩姐"为何敢 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the increasing prevalence of sudden cardiac death in China, highlighting the importance of awareness, prevention, and timely intervention in saving lives [1][2]. Group 1: Sudden Cardiac Death - The crude incidence rate of acute myocardial infarction among residents aged 18 and above in China is reported to be 79.7 per 100,000 [1]. - Sudden cardiac death is defined as unexpected death due to cardiac causes, typically occurring within one hour of symptom onset, with common triggers including myocardial infarction and arrhythmias [2]. Group 2: Emergency Response - The "golden time" for resuscitation after cardiac arrest is within 4 minutes, as failure to act promptly can lead to irreversible brain damage and multi-organ failure [2]. - Initiatives like the "4-minute rescue circle" in Dongguan and plans to increase AED availability in public places are being implemented to enhance emergency response [3]. Group 3: Risk Factors - Key risk factors for sudden cardiac death include a history of coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and lifestyle factors such as lack of sleep and high-stress levels [4]. - Individuals with a family history of cardiovascular diseases should undergo regular screenings, including ECG and echocardiograms [4]. Group 4: Prevention Strategies - Lifestyle changes are crucial for heart health, including a balanced diet low in salt, fat, and sugar, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption [6]. - External factors like extreme cold weather and high altitudes can increase the risk of sudden cardiac death, particularly for those with pre-existing conditions [6].