9月13日是第26个世界急救日，主题为"急救与气候变化"。 当前，天气转凉，昼夜温差加大。气温的波动使血管频繁收缩扩张，增加了心血管疾病的发生风 险。 对于心血管急症，及时有效的救助至关重要。很多人可能首先会想到吃速效救心丸或硝酸甘油，但 也有不少人表示：如果心梗发作时没人帮忙，可通过大口呼吸、用力咳嗽的方式维持心脏供血，甚 至"自救"成功。 这种说法在社交媒体上广为流传，它究竟靠谱吗？ 心梗时"咳嗽自救"不可行 也许有人会认为，这种说法听起来有几分道理——咳嗽会增加胸腔压力，好像能把血液"挤"出来， 维持心脏供血。但这种理论在现实情境中几乎不可能发挥作用，原因如下： 首先，心肌梗死是因冠状动脉堵塞导致心肌缺血坏死，此时心脏泵血功能已严重受损。咳嗽产生的 胸腔压力变化虽能短暂提升血压，但无法疏通堵塞的血管，反而会增加心脏耗氧量，加速心肌细胞死 亡，还可能引发呕吐、肋骨骨折等二次伤害。 其次，心梗发作时，患者常出现剧烈胸痛、呼吸困难、意识模糊，此时基本无法进行"规律咳嗽"， 强行尝试极易错过黄金急救期。 因此，所谓"心梗发作时用力咳嗽能救命"的说法，不仅没有科学证据支持，还可能使人误判病情、 加重危险，进而造成 ...

Core Points - The article highlights the importance of recognizing atypical pain signals as potential warnings for heart attacks, emphasizing that many patients misinterpret these symptoms and delay seeking medical help [1][2] Group 1: Case Study - A man named Mr. Fan experienced severe shoulder and back pain for three days, mistaking it for shoulder inflammation, which led to a significant heart muscle damage by the time he sought medical attention [1] - Upon diagnosis, he was found to have an acute anterior myocardial infarction with heart failure and shock, having missed the critical 12-hour window for effective treatment [1] - The medical team indicated that timely intervention within two hours could have significantly improved his prognosis [1] Group 2: Warning Signs - The article lists seven types of pain that may indicate a heart attack, including chest pain, prolonged nausea, throat tightness, pain in the left shoulder and arm, persistent back pain, upper abdominal pain, and jaw pain [2][3][5][6][7][8][9][10] Group 3: Prevention Tips - Recommendations for preventing heart attacks include avoiding late nights, unhealthy diets, prolonged sitting, poor emotional management, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption [13][14][16][17][19][20] Group 4: Emergency Response - In the event of a heart attack, immediate actions include stopping all activities, calling emergency services, and potentially using emergency medications if available [22] - The article stresses the importance of timely medical intervention, as the effectiveness of treatment is closely linked to the speed of receiving care [22]

Core Viewpoint - High temperatures and humidity can adversely affect various pharmaceutical forms, leading to reduced efficacy and increased risk of adverse reactions [1][3][5] Group 1: Impact of High Temperature on Different Drug Forms - Tablets, capsules, and liquid formulations are particularly susceptible to moisture absorption, which can lead to degradation [3][5] - Gelatin-based capsules can soften and leak when exposed to high temperatures, necessitating storage in original packaging to avoid light exposure [3][5] - Liquid formulations, such as eye drops and nasal sprays, should not be used beyond one month after opening due to bacterial growth risks in high-temperature environments [3][5] Group 2: Special Storage Recommendations - Certain drug types, such as live bacterial preparations, must be stored in refrigeration (2-8°C) to maintain their efficacy [7][9] - Biological products containing proteins and active substances also require refrigeration and should not be placed near the fridge walls or door due to temperature fluctuations [9] - Emergency medications like nitroglycerin are sensitive to light, heat, and moisture, and should be carried in a bag rather than a pocket, with a replacement recommended every six months [11] Group 3: Drugs That Should Not Be Refrigerated - Some medications, such as syrups and ointments, are adversely affected by cold and humidity, which can lead to crystallization and reduced effectiveness [11] - High humidity in refrigerators can cause hygroscopic drugs to clump, affecting their efficacy [11] - Common household medications like topical ointments and aerosol sprays should not be stored in cold environments [11]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses three commonly used medications for acute angina: Nitroglycerin, Su Xiao Jiu Xin Wan, and Compound Danshen Dripping Pills, highlighting their differences in composition, mechanism of action, and suitable patient populations [1]. Group 1: Nitroglycerin - Nitroglycerin is the first-choice medication for acute angina, primarily acting as a vasodilator [2]. - It is indicated for the prevention and rapid relief of angina attacks caused by coronary artery disease [2]. - The recommended administration method is sublingual or buccal, with a dosage of one tablet during an acute attack, and it can be repeated every 5 minutes if necessary, up to three tablets within 15 minutes [3]. - Contraindications include early myocardial infarction, severe anemia, increased intracranial pressure, acute circulatory failure, or shock, and it should not be used with sildenafil [3]. - The onset of action is approximately 1-3 minutes, with maximum effect reached in 5 minutes, lasting at least 25 minutes [3]. Group 2: Su Xiao Jiu Xin Wan - Su Xiao Jiu Xin Wan serves as an alternative option for relieving angina, composed of Chuanxiong and Bingshen [4]. - It is indicated for promoting blood circulation and alleviating pain, particularly for patients with Qi stagnation and blood stasis type coronary heart disease [4]. - The recommended dosage is 4-6 pills per time, three times a day, with an increased dosage of 10-15 pills during acute attacks [5]. - It is contraindicated for pregnant women [6]. - It is recommended as a backup option when nitroglycerin cannot be used, and it should be taken sublingually for effectiveness [6]. Group 3: Compound Danshen Dripping Pills - Compound Danshen Dripping Pills are often used in conjunction with Western medicine for auxiliary treatment, containing Danshen, Sanqi, and Bingshen [7]. - Indications include promoting blood circulation and alleviating pain, particularly for chest pain due to Qi stagnation and blood stasis, as well as for certain diabetic eye conditions [8]. - The recommended dosage for angina is 10 pills three times a day, with a treatment course of 28 days [8]. - Caution is advised for pregnant or breastfeeding women and those with a tendency to bleed [8]. - It is generally used as an auxiliary treatment rather than a primary emergency medication for acute angina [8]. Group 4: General Recommendations - For all three medications, the recommended administration method during acute angina is sublingual, and patients should be seated while taking the medication [9]. - In cases of persistent chest pain, regardless of medication taken, immediate medical assistance should be sought [9].

Core Viewpoint - The incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is increasing among individuals under 45 years old, with various risk factors contributing to this trend, emphasizing the importance of early detection and treatment [1][3]. Group 1: Symptoms and Case Study - Typical symptoms of AMI include severe squeezing pain in the chest, which may radiate to the left arm, jaw, neck, back, or shoulder, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, sweating, or difficulty breathing [1]. - A case study of a patient, Mr. Zhang, illustrates the dangers of ignoring symptoms; despite experiencing chest pain and arm numbness, he delayed seeking treatment until he suffered a heart attack [2]. Group 2: Importance of Early Treatment - Early treatment is crucial for AMI patients, with a critical time frame of 120 minutes from the onset of symptoms to restore blood flow and reduce mortality and disability rates [2]. - The medical team performed emergency procedures including thrombectomy, balloon dilation, and stent placement to restore blood flow in Mr. Zhang's case [2]. Group 3: Risk Factors and Prevention - Key risk factors for AMI include age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and obesity, while lifestyle factors such as irregular schedules, excessive fatigue, sedentary behavior, smoking, and alcohol consumption contribute to the rising incidence among younger populations [3]. - Self-rescue measures for suspected AMI include calling emergency services, resting in a position that allows for easy access for responders, and taking sublingual nitroglycerin to alleviate symptoms [3].