转自：北京日报客户端 在刚刚过去的元旦假期，天津市民张女士完成了家庭药箱"焕新"：淘汰了三盒过期感冒药和一瓶开封半 年的碘伏，新增了智能药盒、儿童专用退热贴和红霉素软膏，还特意整理出一份家庭成员用药清单贴在 箱内。"以前药箱就是个'杂物堆'，过期药和常用药混在一起，现在按照医生建议分类摆放，心里踏实 多了。"她说。 张女士的做法并非个例。专家表示，随着居民健康意识不断提升，开年药箱"焕新"成为新潮流，这场 从"被动囤药"到"主动管理"的转变，不仅重塑了家庭健康防护模式，也激活了细分市场的发展动能。 莫让家庭药箱沦为"健康死角" "家庭药箱本应是健康防线，却常常成为'健康死角'。"多位临床一线的医生告诉记者，我国多数家庭药 箱存在配置不科学、管理不到位等问题。 《中国家庭过期药品回收白皮书》显示，我国约有78.6%的家庭配备了药箱，但80%以上家庭未养成定 期清理习惯。全国每年产生的过期药品约达1.5万吨，这些药品既存在安全风险，也会造成环境污染。 首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院药学部主任赵志刚表示，药品有效期是基于大量稳定性试验确定的安全 红线，药品过期后，其有效成分会随时间降解，直接导致药效下降甚至失效。例如 ...

对吴文丽而言，这次在高铁上的经历，只是履行了一名医务工作者最基本的职责。她说，面对需要帮助 的患者，上前查看、迅速施救，是每一位受过医学专业训练的人都会作出的本能反应。在"健康所系， 性命相托"的誓言面前，所有医生首先都是生命的守护者。 她始终谨记她的老师刘大新教授的教诲："只有当知识化为本能，遇事才能真正心里有底、临阵不 慌。"她认为她所做的，不过是把平日所学的医学知识与急救技能，运用在了一次院外场景之中，尽了 自己应尽的责任。若换作任何一位医务工作者，面对同样情况，也一定会作出同样的选择。"救死扶 伤，本就是医者无需迟疑的本能，是这个职业赋予的平凡而庄重的使命。"吴文丽说道。 文/本报记者 叶婉 "有老人突发身体不适，需要医务人员帮助……"12月19日，在一趟由北京开往包头的高铁列车上，北京 中医药大学东直门医院医生吴文丽听到紧急寻医广播后，第一时间赶赴指定车厢对患者进行救助。在老 人病症有所缓解后，吴文丽方才离开。"医护工作者在这种时刻，都会挺身而出。"她说道。 北京青年报记者了解到，高铁上的患者为一位老年男性，当时称自己左侧胸部憋闷不适。在听到广播 后，吴文丽立刻赶到现场。经迅速且有针对性地询问病史， ...

Group 1 - The arrival of the "Minor Snow" solar term indicates colder weather, emphasizing the importance of dietary adjustments to resist cold and nourish the lungs [2] - Recommended foods during this period include black foods such as black rice, purple rice, black beans, black sesame, black fungus, and black dates, which are believed to nourish kidney energy [2] - It is advised to consume warm porridge and soups like wheat porridge, radish porridge, and jujube porridge to benefit the stomach and body [3] Group 2 - The "Minor Snow" period is associated with an increased risk of respiratory infections and cardiovascular diseases due to sudden temperature drops [8] - Symptoms such as dry mouth, oral ulcers, and dry skin are common during this time, and consuming bitter foods can help alleviate these issues [5] - Drinking warm water daily is recommended to promote metabolism and prevent cardiovascular diseases [7] Group 3 - Cold weather can trigger respiratory diseases like pharyngitis, rhinitis, and asthma, necessitating precautions such as avoiding spicy foods and consuming vitamin C-rich fruits and vegetables [9] - Cold exposure can lead to cardiovascular issues, with heightened risks for patients with hypertension, who should monitor their blood pressure regularly [11] - The flu poses additional risks, particularly for those with underlying health conditions, highlighting the importance of personal protection and flu vaccinations [13] Group 4 - The risk of falls and injuries increases during snowy conditions, especially for the elderly, who are advised to limit outdoor activities and seek companionship when necessary [15] - Joint pain, particularly in the knees, can be exacerbated by cold weather, and methods such as hot compresses and massages are suggested for relief [16][18] - Specific massage techniques for knee pain relief are recommended, including circular motions and targeted pressure on sensitive points [20]

Core Viewpoint - The incidence and mortality rates of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are increasing annually in China, particularly during the autumn and winter seasons when cardiovascular diseases are more prevalent due to lower temperatures, which heighten the risk of heart attacks [1]. Group 1: Symptoms of Acute Myocardial Infarction - Typical symptoms include severe chest pain lasting more than 15 minutes, which does not improve with rest or nitroglycerin [6]. - Chest pressure sensation, described as feeling like a heavy weight on the chest, may persist for several minutes or recur [7]. - Atypical symptoms may include radiating pain to the left shoulder, arm, jaw, or teeth, with women more likely to experience these non-typical symptoms [8]. - Other symptoms can include dizziness, weakness, cold sweats, pale complexion, difficulty breathing, nausea, and vomiting [10][11]. Group 2: Emergency Response Measures - Immediate actions include stopping all activities, lying down, and loosening tight clothing to calm down and improve oxygen supply to the heart [14]. - It is crucial to call emergency services promptly and provide accurate information about the patient's condition and medical history [15]. - If chest pain persists and blood pressure is stable, sublingual nitroglycerin may be administered; otherwise, alternative medications should be considered [16]. Group 3: Risk Factors and Causes - Risk factors for AMI include age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and a family history of heart disease [25]. - Common triggers for heart attacks include physical exertion, emotional stress, and unhealthy dietary habits [25]. - Atherosclerotic plaque rupture and coronary artery spasm due to various stimuli can lead to acute myocardial infarction [19][20]. Group 4: Prevention and Lifestyle Adjustments - Dietary recommendations emphasize low saturated fat and cholesterol intake, with a focus on fresh vegetables and whole grains [27]. - Maintaining a positive mindset and engaging in regular physical activity can benefit heart health [28]. - Avoiding excessive strain, monitoring high-risk factors, and adhering to prescribed medication regimens are essential for prevention [30][31][33].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the health risks associated with sudden temperature drops in autumn, particularly for cardiovascular disease patients, and provides recommendations for maintaining heart health during this season [2][3][11]. Group 1: Health Risks from Temperature Drops - Sudden temperature drops can lead to increased cardiovascular disease incidents due to factors such as blood vessel contraction, increased blood viscosity, and emotional stress [3][4][6]. - The phenomenon of "thermal expansion and contraction" in blood vessels can elevate blood pressure and increase the risk of heart attacks [3]. - Dry autumn air can lead to thicker blood, which slows circulation and promotes blood clot formation [4]. Group 2: Recommendations for Cardiovascular Patients - Patients with cardiovascular diseases should avoid extreme temperature exposure and adjust clothing based on their comfort level, especially as temperatures drop [8][10]. - Key body parts such as the head, neck, abdomen, and feet should be kept warm to prevent cold-related health issues [9]. - A layered clothing approach is recommended, with thicker clothing on the lower body to maintain warmth [10]. Group 3: Heart Health Maintenance Tips - Maintain a balanced diet with low salt, oil, and sugar, while ensuring dietary variety [11]. - Engage in moderate exercise, adapting to indoor activities when outdoor temperatures are low [11]. - Stay hydrated by drinking water regularly, not just when thirsty, to avoid increasing heart strain [11]. - Regularly monitor health indicators such as blood pressure and blood sugar levels [11]. Group 4: Emergency Response for Cardiac Events - Recognize symptoms of potential cardiac events, such as chest pain or shortness of breath, and take immediate action [12][13]. - If symptoms persist, seek emergency medical assistance promptly [14].

Core Points - The theme of the 26th World First Aid Day on September 13 is "First Aid and Climate Change" [1] - Temperature fluctuations increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, making timely assistance crucial during heart emergencies [1] Group 1: Misconceptions about Self-Rescue - The idea of "coughing to save oneself" during a heart attack is widely circulated but lacks scientific support and can worsen the situation [2] - Coughing may temporarily increase chest pressure but does not address the underlying blockage and can lead to further complications [2] Group 2: Correct First Aid Procedures - In case of a heart attack, individuals should call emergency services immediately and avoid actions like pounding the chest or deep breathing [3] - Nitroglycerin is recommended as the primary emergency medication for heart conditions, while "fast-acting heart-saving pills" can be used as an alternative if nitroglycerin is unavailable [4] Group 3: CPR and AED Usage - CPR steps include assessing the environment, calling for help, and performing chest compressions followed by rescue breaths [6] - The use of Automated External Defibrillators (AED) is critical for treating cardiac arrest caused by ventricular fibrillation [7] Group 4: Asthma and Other Emergencies - During an asthma attack, assisting the patient to a comfortable position can help alleviate symptoms [8] - For unconscious patients, ensuring their safety and maintaining an open airway is essential until professional help arrives [9] Group 5: Importance of First Aid Knowledge - The need for professional knowledge and skills in emergency situations is emphasized to effectively save lives [10] - Promoting first aid education can enhance self-rescue and mutual aid capabilities within communities [11]

Core Points - The article highlights the importance of recognizing atypical pain signals as potential warnings for heart attacks, emphasizing that many patients misinterpret these symptoms and delay seeking medical help [1][2] Group 1: Case Study - A man named Mr. Fan experienced severe shoulder and back pain for three days, mistaking it for shoulder inflammation, which led to a significant heart muscle damage by the time he sought medical attention [1] - Upon diagnosis, he was found to have an acute anterior myocardial infarction with heart failure and shock, having missed the critical 12-hour window for effective treatment [1] - The medical team indicated that timely intervention within two hours could have significantly improved his prognosis [1] Group 2: Warning Signs - The article lists seven types of pain that may indicate a heart attack, including chest pain, prolonged nausea, throat tightness, pain in the left shoulder and arm, persistent back pain, upper abdominal pain, and jaw pain [2][3][5][6][7][8][9][10] Group 3: Prevention Tips - Recommendations for preventing heart attacks include avoiding late nights, unhealthy diets, prolonged sitting, poor emotional management, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption [13][14][16][17][19][20] Group 4: Emergency Response - In the event of a heart attack, immediate actions include stopping all activities, calling emergency services, and potentially using emergency medications if available [22] - The article stresses the importance of timely medical intervention, as the effectiveness of treatment is closely linked to the speed of receiving care [22]

Core Viewpoint - High temperatures and humidity can adversely affect various pharmaceutical forms, leading to reduced efficacy and increased risk of adverse reactions [1][3][5] Group 1: Impact of High Temperature on Different Drug Forms - Tablets, capsules, and liquid formulations are particularly susceptible to moisture absorption, which can lead to degradation [3][5] - Gelatin-based capsules can soften and leak when exposed to high temperatures, necessitating storage in original packaging to avoid light exposure [3][5] - Liquid formulations, such as eye drops and nasal sprays, should not be used beyond one month after opening due to bacterial growth risks in high-temperature environments [3][5] Group 2: Special Storage Recommendations - Certain drug types, such as live bacterial preparations, must be stored in refrigeration (2-8°C) to maintain their efficacy [7][9] - Biological products containing proteins and active substances also require refrigeration and should not be placed near the fridge walls or door due to temperature fluctuations [9] - Emergency medications like nitroglycerin are sensitive to light, heat, and moisture, and should be carried in a bag rather than a pocket, with a replacement recommended every six months [11] Group 3: Drugs That Should Not Be Refrigerated - Some medications, such as syrups and ointments, are adversely affected by cold and humidity, which can lead to crystallization and reduced effectiveness [11] - High humidity in refrigerators can cause hygroscopic drugs to clump, affecting their efficacy [11] - Common household medications like topical ointments and aerosol sprays should not be stored in cold environments [11]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses three commonly used medications for acute angina: Nitroglycerin, Su Xiao Jiu Xin Wan, and Compound Danshen Dripping Pills, highlighting their differences in composition, mechanism of action, and suitable patient populations [1]. Group 1: Nitroglycerin - Nitroglycerin is the first-choice medication for acute angina, primarily acting as a vasodilator [2]. - It is indicated for the prevention and rapid relief of angina attacks caused by coronary artery disease [2]. - The recommended administration method is sublingual or buccal, with a dosage of one tablet during an acute attack, and it can be repeated every 5 minutes if necessary, up to three tablets within 15 minutes [3]. - Contraindications include early myocardial infarction, severe anemia, increased intracranial pressure, acute circulatory failure, or shock, and it should not be used with sildenafil [3]. - The onset of action is approximately 1-3 minutes, with maximum effect reached in 5 minutes, lasting at least 25 minutes [3]. Group 2: Su Xiao Jiu Xin Wan - Su Xiao Jiu Xin Wan serves as an alternative option for relieving angina, composed of Chuanxiong and Bingshen [4]. - It is indicated for promoting blood circulation and alleviating pain, particularly for patients with Qi stagnation and blood stasis type coronary heart disease [4]. - The recommended dosage is 4-6 pills per time, three times a day, with an increased dosage of 10-15 pills during acute attacks [5]. - It is contraindicated for pregnant women [6]. - It is recommended as a backup option when nitroglycerin cannot be used, and it should be taken sublingually for effectiveness [6]. Group 3: Compound Danshen Dripping Pills - Compound Danshen Dripping Pills are often used in conjunction with Western medicine for auxiliary treatment, containing Danshen, Sanqi, and Bingshen [7]. - Indications include promoting blood circulation and alleviating pain, particularly for chest pain due to Qi stagnation and blood stasis, as well as for certain diabetic eye conditions [8]. - The recommended dosage for angina is 10 pills three times a day, with a treatment course of 28 days [8]. - Caution is advised for pregnant or breastfeeding women and those with a tendency to bleed [8]. - It is generally used as an auxiliary treatment rather than a primary emergency medication for acute angina [8]. Group 4: General Recommendations - For all three medications, the recommended administration method during acute angina is sublingual, and patients should be seated while taking the medication [9]. - In cases of persistent chest pain, regardless of medication taken, immediate medical assistance should be sought [9].

Core Viewpoint - The incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is increasing among individuals under 45 years old, with various risk factors contributing to this trend, emphasizing the importance of early detection and treatment [1][3]. Group 1: Symptoms and Case Study - Typical symptoms of AMI include severe squeezing pain in the chest, which may radiate to the left arm, jaw, neck, back, or shoulder, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, sweating, or difficulty breathing [1]. - A case study of a patient, Mr. Zhang, illustrates the dangers of ignoring symptoms; despite experiencing chest pain and arm numbness, he delayed seeking treatment until he suffered a heart attack [2]. Group 2: Importance of Early Treatment - Early treatment is crucial for AMI patients, with a critical time frame of 120 minutes from the onset of symptoms to restore blood flow and reduce mortality and disability rates [2]. - The medical team performed emergency procedures including thrombectomy, balloon dilation, and stent placement to restore blood flow in Mr. Zhang's case [2]. Group 3: Risk Factors and Prevention - Key risk factors for AMI include age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and obesity, while lifestyle factors such as irregular schedules, excessive fatigue, sedentary behavior, smoking, and alcohol consumption contribute to the rising incidence among younger populations [3]. - Self-rescue measures for suspected AMI include calling emergency services, resting in a position that allows for easy access for responders, and taking sublingual nitroglycerin to alleviate symptoms [3].