"'星衍'的核心，在于独特的光度自适应筛选机制。"团队成员介绍，它不再单纯将背景噪声视为随机干 扰，而是对噪声的涨落与星体本身的光度进行联合建模，"这个机制引导模型专注于对暗弱信号的提取 与重建"。 此外，即使信号极其暗弱，"星衍"也能直接利用带有真实噪声的海量真实数据进行训练，可高保真地还 原目标信号。 团队成员介绍，利用AI模型"解码"天文数据的过往研究并不少，却多沿用计算机视觉领域的通用指标衡 量性能。这些指标往往易将模型导向一种误区：数据变得干净平滑，实则磨平了极暗弱信号，甚至改变 了天体形态。 团队构建了一套基于天文科学的AI评价方法，摒弃单纯的视觉效果提升，以探测能力、形态保真、光 度保持等为核心评价指标，以科学需求引导"星衍"的架构设计。 来源：光明日报 本报北京2月23日电（记者邓晖） 清华大学自动化系成像与智能技术实验室戴琼海院士团队与天文系蔡峥副教授团队通过多学科交叉研 究，提出AI天文观测增强模型"星衍"(ASTERIS)，突破天文观测深度极限，将詹姆斯·韦伯空间望远镜探 测深度提升1个星等，找到的极暗弱高红移候选天体是过往研究的3倍，绘制出迄今最深邃的极致深空星 系图像。相关研究成果日 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights the significance of innovative inventions over the past 25 years, showcasing 25 iconic inventions that have transformed various aspects of human life across multiple fields such as healthcare, digital technology, lifestyle, and exploration [1] Group 1: Healthcare Innovations - NuvaRing, introduced in 2001, expanded contraceptive options for women, with approximately 2 million prescriptions written annually in the U.S. despite past legal challenges [2] - LifeStraw, launched in 2005, is a low-cost ($3) water filtration device that prevents waterborne diseases, benefiting disaster victims and outdoor enthusiasts alike [4] - 23andMe, a personal genetic testing service from 2008, allows individuals to assess their susceptibility to over 90 traits and diseases for $399, having served over 15 million customers [6] - mRNA vaccines, developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, achieved FDA approval in December 2020, breaking previous vaccine development records [8] - Semaglutide, a drug originally for type 2 diabetes, has gained popularity as a weight loss treatment, with about 12% of Americans having tried it [10] - A groundbreaking surgery in 2024 enabled paralyzed patients to regain sensory perception through a brain-implanted microchip [12] Group 2: Digital Innovations - iRobot Roomba, introduced in 2002, revolutionized home cleaning with over 50 million units sold, making vacuuming less burdensome [14] - YouTube, launched in 2005, has grown to host over 20 million daily video uploads, becoming a platform for authentic content [15] - The iPhone, released in 2007, has sold over 3 billion units globally, marking a significant shift in personal technology [17] - Google Street View, initiated in 2007, now covers 12 million miles across 110 countries, allowing virtual exploration of cities [19] - IBM Watson, a supercomputer that gained fame in 2011, performs 800 trillion calculations per second, showcasing early advancements in AI [22] - GPT-4, released in 2023, demonstrated significant improvements in AI capabilities, surpassing 90% of law exam takers [24] Group 3: Lifestyle Innovations - Philips LED bulbs, introduced in 2009, significantly reduced energy consumption, lasting 25,000 hours and winning a $10 million award from the U.S. Department of Energy [26] - Montreal's Bixi bike-sharing system, launched in 2008, became a model for urban bike-sharing initiatives worldwide [28] - Kickstarter, established in 2010, has facilitated over $9 billion in funding for more than 286,000 projects [30] - Tesla Model S, released in 2012, showcased electric vehicles as a desirable option, with a range of 265 miles per charge [32] - Nintendo Switch, launched in 2017, has sold over 153 million units, offering versatile gaming experiences [34] - Fenty Beauty, introduced in 2017, revolutionized the cosmetics industry with 40 foundation shades, promoting inclusivity [36] Group 4: Exploration Tools - The Large Hadron Collider, operational since 2008, seeks answers to fundamental questions about the universe, including the existence of the Higgs boson [39] - The Svalbard Global Seed Vault, established in 2008, stores backup seeds from 6,000 plant species to safeguard against agricultural disasters [41] - NASA's Curiosity rover, active on Mars from 2011, has provided evidence of the planet's potential habitability [44] - The James Webb Space Telescope, launched in 2022, offers unprecedented views of the universe, costing $10 billion and taking over 20 years to complete [46] Group 5: Creative and Entertainment Innovations - Dyson's bladeless fan, introduced in 2009, provides a stylish and efficient cooling solution [48] - The Cronut, a fusion pastry created in 2013, sparked a trend in innovative food combinations [50] - Sphere, a $2.3 billion entertainment venue in Las Vegas, features the world's largest LED screen and is projected to become a top-grossing venue [52] Group 6: Innovation Trends - The article notes that innovation is not evenly distributed, with significant breakthroughs occurring during crisis periods, such as the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic [54] - The cyclical nature of innovation reflects the "S-curve" of technological development, where periods of slow growth are followed by rapid advancements [54] Group 7: Conclusion - The 25 highlighted inventions illustrate the breadth and depth of human innovation, addressing real human needs and pushing civilization forward [55]

Core Viewpoint - The research conducted by the University of Science and Technology of China, in collaboration with international partners, successfully expands the parameter space for direct detection of strongly interacting dark matter using data from the James Webb Space Telescope, overcoming limitations of ground experiments [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - The study reveals that detecting the nature of dark matter is crucial for enhancing the particle physics standard model and understanding the formation and evolution of the universe [1] - Ground experiments have blind spots for detecting strongly interacting dark matter, which this research addresses by utilizing the near-infrared spectrometer's dark images from the James Webb Space Telescope [1] - A new image processing method was proposed to effectively eliminate high-energy event interference, resulting in new constraints on dark matter detection [1] Group 2: Implications and Future Applications - The research highlights the unique advantages and feasibility of space-based detectors for strongly interacting dark matter [2] - The analysis methods developed can be applied to data from other space telescopes, providing a solid theoretical foundation for the design and data processing of future space dark matter detectors [2] - This work is expected to play a significant role in the field of direct dark matter detection [2]