来源：科技日报 科技日报记者 张佳欣 银河系中心可能并非传统意义上的超大质量黑洞，而是一团能够产生类似引力效应的暗物质。一个国际 天文学家团队提出，由费米子组成的暗物质核心，可能同时解释银河系中心高速运行的恒星轨道，以及 银河系外围物质的大尺度旋转行为。这项挑战了主流理论的研究成果发表于最新一期《皇家天文学会月 刊》。 长期以来，天文学界普遍认为，人马座A*是一颗位于银河系中心的超大质量黑洞，其强大引力主导着 附近恒星的运动。特别是一组被称为"S星"的恒星，以每秒数千公里的速度绕中心运行，其被视为黑洞 存在的重要证据。 团队结合了欧洲航天局"盖亚"任务第三次数据发布的最新观测结果。"盖亚"任务对银河系外晕进行了精 细测绘，显示远离中心的恒星和气体运动呈现"开普勒式下降"，即旋转速度随距离增加而逐渐减慢。团 队认为，这一现象与其提出的暗物质模型相符，并与银河系中普通物质（如盘面和核球）的分布一起， 可以解释整体结构。 阿根廷拉普拉塔天体物理研究所卡洛斯·阿尔圭列斯表示，这是首次有暗物质模型能够同时解释银河系 中心小尺度现象与星系大尺度结构。该模型并非简单用暗物质替代黑洞，而是认为银河系中心的超大质 量天体与暗物 ...

来源：光明日报 陈一帆介绍，纳赫兹频段的引力波主要产生于超大质量黑洞双星在缓慢绕转并逐渐靠近的过程中，是研 究宇宙中最巨大黑洞系统的重要窗口。最新的脉冲星计时阵列能谱数据显示，引力波背景整体上与超大 质量黑洞双星的理论预期一致，但在最低频段呈现出轻微偏离传统模型的趋势。这一特征提示，黑洞双 星的轨道演化可能并非仅由引力波辐射主导，而是受到其周围环境的影响。 研究团队将这一环境效应与黑洞双星轨道偏心率的演化同时纳入统一模型，并将理论预测与北美纳赫兹 引力波天文台合作组15年的观测数据进行对比分析。结果表明，引力波数据已经能够对星系中心的物质 密度给出有意义的限制，其推断得到的密度范围，与银河系以及邻近星系M87星系中心区域已知的恒星 分布情况相符。研究还表明，星系中心环境对黑洞演化的影响，有时会与黑洞双星具有较大偏心率的椭 圆轨道产生相似的观测效果，从而使两种因素在引力波信号中不容易被直接区分。为此，研究团队系统 测试了多种模型假设，发现无论采用何种合理的参数化方式，推断得到的物质密度尺度都保持稳定，从 而增强了结论的可靠性。 本报北京2月8日电 记者张晓华 从上海交通大学李政道研究所获悉，该研究所青年学者陈一 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the advancements in astronomical observation and the significance of dark matter and dark energy in understanding the universe, highlighting the need for innovative observational tools to explore these mysteries [2][3]. Group 1: Dark Matter and Dark Energy - Less than 5% of the universe is composed of visible matter, while over 95% consists of dark matter and dark energy, which are crucial for shaping galaxy structures and driving cosmic expansion [2]. - Understanding dark matter and dark energy could lead to a revolution in physics, comparable to the impacts of relativity and quantum mechanics [2]. Group 2: Global Scientific Efforts - Global scientific efforts have been ongoing for decades, with various international observational projects like the DESI project in the U.S., the Euclid space telescope in Europe, and Japan's Subaru-PFS aiming to uncover the secrets of the universe [2][3]. Group 3: China's Astronomical Advancements - China is making significant strides in astronomy, although it still lags behind in ground-based optical spectral observation capabilities compared to international standards [3]. - The Guo Shoujing Telescope (LAMOST) and the upcoming Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) are notable projects, with CSST expected to achieve breakthroughs in galaxy imaging by 2027 [3][4]. Group 4: JUST Telescope Project - The JUST telescope, a 4.4-meter spectroscopic telescope located in Qinghai, aims to capture the "fingerprints" of the universe by obtaining spectra from tens of millions of galaxies [4]. - JUST is designed to have the highest fiber positioning density globally, allowing it to capture spectra from dense regions of the sky, significantly improving coverage compared to existing telescopes [4][5]. Group 5: Scientific Goals and Future Plans - JUST plans to observe over ten million galaxies within the next five years, creating a detailed three-dimensional map of the universe and accurately measuring the history of cosmic expansion [5]. - The telescope will utilize advanced technology and a prime observational site to transition China's astronomy from data consumption to active interpretation of cosmic phenomena [5].

美国航天局近日表示，科学家利用詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜的观测数据，绘制出迄今最详细、分辨率最 高的暗物质分布图之一，为理解暗物质如何塑造宇宙结构提供了新的证据。 美航天局表示，这一分布 图在以往研究基础上提供了更多证据和新的细节，展示了暗物质与构成恒星、星系以及人类可观测世界 的普通物质在宇宙中重叠交织的分布关系，揭示了暗物质在宇宙演化过程中所发挥的作用。相关研究成 果1月26日发表在英国《自然-天文学》杂志上。 据美航天局介绍，暗物质 本身不发出、反射或吸收光，能像幽灵般穿过普通物质，但会通过引力与宇宙相互作用，对宇宙演化产 生深远影响。暗物质在宇宙早期率先聚集，并通过引力吸引普通物质，促成恒星和星系的形成。暗物质 不仅决定了星系在宇宙中的大尺度分布，还通过促使恒星更早诞生，为行星最终形成创造了条件。 据介绍，新绘制的暗物质 分布图所包含的星系数量约为地面天文台同类研究的约10倍，是哈勃空间望远镜相关成果的两倍，揭示 了此前未被发现的暗物质团块，并以更高的分辨率捕捉到了哈勃望远镜之前观测的区域。 研究论文第一作者、美航 天局喷气推进实验室天体物理学家戴安娜·斯科尼亚米利奥表示，这是迄今利用韦布望远镜绘制的最大 ...

据中国科学技术大学网站消息，该校彭新华教授和江敏教授团队革新了核自旋量子精密测量技术，成功 搭建国际首个基于原子核自旋的量子传感网络，如同布下宇宙信号"监听系统"，让暗物质探测灵敏度实 现质的飞跃，为解开这一宇宙之谜提供了全新路径。相关成果1月29日发表于学术期刊《自然》。 轴子是当前理论动机最强的暗物质候选粒子之一，其构成的场在宇宙早期相变中可能产生拓扑缺陷 （topological defect）——这是一种类似宇宙弦或畴壁的、具有稳定结构的宏观"褶皱"。当这种结构穿 越地球时，会与地面上部署探测器中的原子核自旋发生相互作用产生旋转信号。然而，由于信号极其微 弱且持续时间短，这对探测技术提出了极高要求。 研究团队创新性地发展了核自旋量子精密测量技术，原理性突破了惰性气体原子（129Xe）核自旋对瞬 时信号的响应探测难题，将微秒级别的暗物质拓扑缺陷结构信号"存储"到接近分钟级别的核自旋相干态 中，同时结合自主提出的核自旋量子放大技术，将微弱信号放大了至少100倍，自旋旋转探测灵敏度达 到约1微弧度，相比之前实验室探测技术，其灵敏度提高约4个量级。 图A：宇宙构成成分图； 图B：基于城际量子传感网络的暗物质搜 ...

Core Viewpoint - The research team from the University of Science and Technology of China has developed the world's first quantum sensing network based on atomic nuclear spins, significantly enhancing the sensitivity for dark matter detection and providing a new pathway to unravel this cosmic mystery [1][2]. Group 1: Quantum Sensing Technology - The team has innovatively equipped quantum sensors with two key enhancements: storing fleeting signals in a nuclear spin coherence state for nearly a minute, which greatly extends the detection window [1] - They also developed a quantum amplification technology that increases weak signals by 100 times, making it easier to detect subtle interactions [1]. Group 2: Dark Matter Detection - The research team deployed five ultra-sensitive quantum sensors in Hefei and Hangzhou, synchronizing them via satellite to create a distributed detection network [2] - After two months of observation, the team established the most stringent limits on dark matter models across a wide range of axion masses, achieving precision 40 times greater than results obtained from supernova observations [2]. Group 3: Future Implications - This breakthrough adds a more precise "quantum tool" to humanity's toolkit for searching dark matter, with potential future enhancements in sensitivity by four orders of magnitude through global networking and space deployment [2].

Core Insights - The research team from the University of Science and Technology of China has developed a groundbreaking quantum sensing network based on atomic nuclear spins, marking the first of its kind internationally [1] - This quantum detection network, connecting Hefei and Hangzhou, significantly enhances the sensitivity for dark matter detection, providing a new pathway to unravel this cosmic mystery [1] Group 1: Quantum Sensing Technology - The team has equipped the quantum sensors with two key innovations: storing fleeting signals in a nuclear spin coherence state for nearly a minute, which greatly extends the detection window [2] - They also developed a self-research quantum amplification technology that enhances weak signals by a factor of 100, making it easier to detect subtle signals [2] Group 2: Network Deployment and Results - Five ultra-sensitive quantum sensors were deployed in Hefei and Hangzhou, synchronized via satellite time, creating a distributed detection network that significantly reduces false positives and enhances reliability [2] - Although the team did not capture clear signals of the "dark matter wall," they established the most stringent limits on dark matter models across a wide range of axion masses, achieving precision 40 times greater than results from supernova observations [2] Group 3: Future Prospects - The research opens new avenues for dark matter detection and the distributed detection approach could be integrated with gravitational wave observatories to explore more cosmic mysteries [2] - The team plans to expand the quantum detection network's coverage globally and through space deployment, aiming to enhance detection sensitivity by four additional orders of magnitude [2]

Core Insights - The research team from the University of Science and Technology of China has developed the world's first quantum sensing network based on atomic nuclear spins, significantly enhancing the sensitivity for dark matter detection [1][2] - Dark matter constitutes approximately 26.8% of the universe's total mass, yet it does not emit light or interact electromagnetically with ordinary matter, making it a critical component of the universe's structure [1] - The study introduces a new quantum sensor technology that can store fleeting signals for nearly a minute and amplify weak signals by 100 times, improving the chances of detecting dark matter interactions [1][2] Group 1 - The quantum sensing network connects Hefei and Hangzhou, utilizing satellite synchronization for precise time correlation, which enhances the reliability of detection results by filtering out noise [2] - Although the team did not capture a clear signal of the "dark matter wall," they established stringent limits on dark matter models across a wide range of axion masses, achieving a precision 40 times greater than astronomical observations using supernovae [2] Group 2 - This breakthrough adds a more precise "quantum tool" to humanity's arsenal for dark matter detection, paving the way for future collaborations with gravitational wave observatories to explore more cosmic mysteries [4] - The research team plans to expand the quantum detection network's coverage through global networking and space deployment to further enhance dark matter detection sensitivity [4]

Core Insights - The research team from the University of Science and Technology of China has developed the world's first quantum sensing network based on atomic nuclear spins, significantly enhancing the sensitivity for dark matter detection [1][2] - Dark matter constitutes approximately 26.8% of the universe's total mass, yet it does not emit light or interact electromagnetically with ordinary matter, making it a critical component of the universe [1] - The research introduces a new method for detecting axions, a leading candidate for dark matter, by capturing fleeting signals that occur when the Earth passes through a "dark matter wall" [1] Group 1 - The team has equipped quantum sensors with two key technologies: storing transient signals in nuclear spin coherence states for nearly a minute, and enhancing weak signals by a factor of 100 [2] - A distributed detection network was established by deploying five ultra-sensitive quantum sensors in Hefei and Hangzhou, synchronized via satellite, allowing for multi-site comparison and verification of cosmic signals [2] - Although the team did not capture a definitive signal of the "dark matter wall," they established the most stringent limits on the axion mass range, surpassing astronomical observations by a factor of 40 in certain mass intervals [2] Group 2 - This breakthrough adds a more precise "quantum tool" to humanity's arsenal for dark matter detection, paving the way for new pathways in exploring dark matter [2] - The networked and distributed detection approach could potentially collaborate with gravitational wave observatories to uncover more cosmic mysteries in the future [2] - Future plans include expanding the "quantum detection network" globally and deploying it in space to further enhance dark matter detection sensitivity [3]

此次，美国加州理工学院喷气推进实验室天文学家团队，利用詹姆斯·韦布太空望远镜的成像数据，测 量了约25万个星系的形状，重建了迄今宇宙连续区域中最为详细的质量地图。这一图谱不仅揭示了大质 量星系团，也呈现了暗物质的细丝桥梁网络（气体和星系沿这些暗物质丝状结构分布，形成宇宙的骨架 结构）以及低质量星系群。这些低质量星系群因太过暗淡或太过遥远，无法用传统望远镜看到。这些结 构与主流宇宙学模型的预测一致，认为星系形成于贯穿宇宙的暗物质丝状结构之间高密度的节点。 据《自然·天文学》杂志26日发表的论文，天文学家绘制出一幅迄今最详细、分辨率最高的宇宙"质量地 图"，揭示了过去100亿年间暗物质如何塑造了星系发展。该地图分辨率是前代的两倍以上，并延伸至宇 宙演化的更早期阶段，为研究暗物质的性质，构建恒星形成高峰时期（约110亿—80亿年前）的星系环 境模型提供了基准。 暗物质占宇宙总质量约85%，因其不发射也不吸收光线，所以很难被检测，在传统望远镜中不可见。但 它们的引力会影响遥远星系的光传播路径。通过测量大量遥远星系形状的微小扭曲，科学家可以追踪中 间质量的分布，而无论其性质是什么。和已知的发光结构做比较能够揭示这些暗物 ...