西夏陵建造 承唐仿宋独具特色 琉璃鸱吻、绿釉海狮 迦陵频伽、摩羯 这些西夏陵考古发现的千年瑞兽 既是造型别致的建筑装饰构件 更承载着深厚的文化寓意 在西夏陵成功申遗之际 "百闻不如一见"栏目 带你走进遗址看瑞兽 一睹中原建筑文化与党项族审美的多元融合 鸱吻 是中国古代传说中海里的神兽 西夏陵出土的琉璃鸱吻 是目前中国发现最大的古代琉璃鸱吻构件之一 鸱口大张，尾出两鳍 呈典型的"龙首鱼尾"状 是鸱吻从鱼形向龙形过渡时期的典型代表 其工艺不亚于同时期 辽、北宋的琉璃烧制水平 迦陵频伽 又名"妙音鸟" 是印度乐神、佛教神鸟 宋金开始以实物出现于建筑屋顶上 迦陵频伽是西夏陵发现的唯一一种垂兽 头戴花冠，宝缯下垂，高髻不显 双手合十，腿较粗壮 形象和姿态 都与出土的宋金时期脊饰更相似 既反映了西夏崇尚佛教 也体现了中原建筑艺术对西夏的影响 摩羯 源于印度神话中的"河水之神" 随佛教传入中国 西夏陵摩羯承晚唐摩羯纹样 在身两侧出羽翼 身形略呈半月形 有鱼首鱼尾和龙首鱼尾两种 见证了摩羯纹在中国"鱼化龙"的演变过程 在中华传统文化中 套兽是中国古代建筑特有的防水构件 西夏套兽最早出土于6号陵 有红陶、灰陶和绿釉陶三种质地 ...

Core Viewpoint - The inscription of the "Western Xia Tombs" as China's 60th World Heritage site highlights its cultural significance and historical value, marking it as Ningxia's first World Cultural Heritage site [1] Summary by Relevant Sections Historical Context - The Western Xia Dynasty was established in 1038 AD and lasted until 1227 AD, coexisting with the Song, Liao, and Jin dynasties, with its capital located in present-day Yinchuan, Ningxia [1] - At its peak, the Western Xia Dynasty controlled an area of 1.15 million square kilometers and held significant power over the Hexi Corridor [1] Archaeological Significance - The Western Xia Tombs, located on the Helan Mountain alluvial fan, consist of 9 imperial tombs, 271 accompanying graves, and cover an area of nearly 40 square kilometers [1] - Over 7,100 artifacts have been unearthed from the site, including architectural components, stone tablets, ceramics, horse gear, coins, and remnants of murals, with architectural components being the most abundant [1] Cultural Artifacts - Notable artifacts include a large green-glazed "Chiwun" (a type of mythical creature) that reflects the craftsmanship and artistic innovation of the Western Xia, showcasing a blend of Tang and Song styles [5] - The gilded bronze bull, weighing 188 kilograms, exemplifies advanced metalworking techniques and the cultural exchanges between the Western Xia and the Central Plains [11][12] - The red sandstone sculpture of a warrior and the gold-plated decorative items highlight the unique artistic styles and high-level craftsmanship of the Western Xia period [15][16] Linguistic and Cultural Legacy - The Western Xia script, created by Emperor Li Yuanhao, consisted of nearly 6,000 characters, which became largely undecipherable after the dynasty's fall, but significant progress has been made in recent years to understand it [16] - The Western Xia Tombs serve as a crucial testament to the multi-ethnic and multicultural exchanges along the Silk Road, contributing to the understanding of China's diverse historical narrative [16]