2025年深圳国际人工智能展览会上，一台名为"小量"的机器人正有条不紊地忙碌着：精准地拿起杯子， 熟练地接取冰块，细致地添加各类小料，整个流程一气呵成，仅用两分钟就呈上一杯色泽诱人的果味冰 沙。周围人群的惊叹声此起彼伏，而更令人瞩目的，是这台机器人背后那股强大的力量——2023年12月 才成立的深圳初创公司自变量机器人。这家公司虽成立时间不长，却已成功斩获8轮融资，累计金额超 20亿元，成为具身智能赛道上一匹耀眼的"黑马"。而这一切成就的背后，离不开阿里、美团等巨头的鼎 力支持，以及一位清华学霸多年坚守的机器人梦想。 在自变量机器人创始人兼CEO王潜的宏伟蓝图中，单点任务不过是通用机器人走向广泛应用的一个小小 开端，他真正的目标，是让通用机器人真正走进千家万户，成为人们生活中不可或缺的一部分。 初心：跨界逐梦的机器人情怀 孤勇：坚守端到端路线的突围 自变量机器人自成立之初，便毅然选择了一条与众不同的技术赛道——"大小脑统一的端到端大模型"路 线。这一选择在当时饱受争议，甚至遭到业内专家的直接质疑。 多年前，当王潜首次提出端到端思路时，一位知名机器人教授当面否定："端到端虽然很有意思，但可 能永远只是个玩具，难 ...

深圳的一家初创公司，成立不到一年半融资超20亿，背后是阿里、美团等巨头的重注押码，以及一个清 华学霸的机器人梦想。 2025年深圳国际人工智能展览会上，一台名为"小量"的机器人正在熟练地制作果味冰沙。从取杯、接冰 到添加小料，所有动作一气呵成，仅用两分钟便完成了一份晶莹剔透的冰沙。这场展示吸引了大量围观 者，但更引人注目的是。 这台机器人背后的公司——自变量机器人，成立不到一年半已完成7轮融资，累计融资金额超过20亿元 人民币，成为国内具身智能赛道最受资本青睐的创业公司之一。 在自变量机器人创始人兼CEO王潜的规划中，制作冰沙只是起点，他的终极目标是"让通用机器人真正 走入千家万户"。 01 信仰 王潜身上有着典型清华学子的特质——理性、执着且富有远见。他本硕毕业于清华大学，是全球最早在 神经网络中引入注意力机制的学者之一，与Google在该领域的首篇文章发表在同一会议。 这一贡献后来成为Transformer架构的关键，奠定了现代大模型的技术基础。 在美国南加州大学攻读博士期间，王潜选择了热爱的机器人领域，在美国顶级机器人实验室参与了多项 机器人学习和人机交互的研究。这段经历让他对机器人技术有了更深刻的理解 ...

Core Insights - The humanoid robot industry is experiencing a dichotomy of rapid advancements in capabilities and significant challenges in commercial viability, with a notable gap between technological achievements and actual orders received [1][5][41] - Investment in humanoid robotics has surged, with over 20 companies in the sector moving towards IPOs, marking a pivotal year for mass production in humanoid robots [1][12] - The development of embodied intelligence is at a crossroads, requiring a balance between technological innovation and practical application in real-world scenarios [1][18] Group 1: Industry Developments - The first city-level operational humanoid robot demonstration zone was established in Beijing, featuring a robot-operated unmanned supermarket, indicating a significant step towards integrating humanoid robots into daily life [5] - Companies like Beijing Galaxy General Robotics are leading the way in deploying humanoid robots in various sectors, including industrial and retail applications, with plans to open 100 smart pharmacies nationwide [12][41] - The industry is witnessing a shift from merely showcasing capabilities to focusing on practical applications that can generate revenue and sustain growth [1][41] Group 2: Technological Challenges - The primary challenge for humanoid robots lies in their ability to operate autonomously without remote control, which is contingent on the development of advanced models that can generalize across different scenarios [7][13] - Data quality and diversity are critical for enhancing the capabilities of humanoid robots, with a focus on using high-quality synthetic data to train models effectively [15][33] - The current models used in humanoid robotics are not fully mature, and the industry is still grappling with the need for a unified approach to model architecture that can handle the complexities of the physical world [27][34] Group 3: Market Dynamics - The humanoid robot market is characterized by a "chicken or egg" dilemma, where the lack of orders hampers technological iteration, while insufficient technology prevents securing orders [41] - The cost of humanoid robots remains high, with individual units exceeding 100,000 yuan, making them less competitive compared to traditional labor in industrial settings [46][47] - The focus is shifting towards household applications as the ultimate goal for humanoid robots, with the belief that their true value lies in versatility and the ability to create new ecosystems [47]

Group 1 - The humanoid robot industry is experiencing a dichotomy, with significant advancements in practical applications contrasted by challenges in scaling production and securing orders [1][5][36] - Investment in humanoid robotics has surged, with over 20 companies in the sector pursuing IPOs, marking a transformative year for mass production of humanoid robots [1][5] - The development of embodied intelligence is at a crossroads, requiring a balance between technological innovation and practical profitability [1][15] Group 2 - Companies like Beijing Galaxy General Robotics are leading the way in deploying humanoid robots in various sectors, achieving significant milestones in industrial and retail applications [5][8] - The key challenge for humanoid robots lies in their ability to operate autonomously without remote control, which is dependent on advanced data and model training [10][12] - High-quality data is crucial for enhancing the capabilities of humanoid robots, with a focus on diverse and rich datasets to improve their performance in real-world scenarios [12][30] Group 3 - The success of humanoid robots in competitive environments, such as soccer, demonstrates their potential for real-world applications and helps in refining their operational capabilities [36][41] - The industry faces a "chicken or egg" dilemma, where technological advancements must align with market demand to create a sustainable business model [37][42] - The transition from demonstration to practical application is essential for the industry, with a focus on creating a commercial ecosystem that supports ongoing development and deployment [35][42]