Core Insights - China is tightening its control over rare earth elements, which are critical for high-tech industries and military applications, through a series of regulatory measures [1][2][4] Regulatory Measures - Chinese authorities have mandated rare earth companies to submit lists of technical experts, including their educational backgrounds and research experiences, to monitor and prevent the outflow of key technologies [2][4] - The Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Science and Technology have included "rare earth extraction and processing technologies" in the prohibited export list, further sealing off channels for technology leakage [4][9] Market Dynamics - China controls over 60% of global rare earth exports and monopolizes 80% of key rare earth materials, making it difficult for the U.S. to establish an independent supply chain in the short term [5][9] - The U.S. faces significant challenges in rebuilding its rare earth supply chain, including a lack of existing mining equipment and skilled labor, which could take at least five years to address [7][9] Long-term Strategy - China's regulatory actions are not only focused on immediate concerns but also aim to secure its long-term strategic advantage in the rare earth sector [9] - The rise of China's rare earth industry has been a result of systematic efforts since 1957, leading to a tenfold increase in export volume over 15 years post-1990 [9]