稀土到底有多硬？你看几个例子。F-35战机里用的永磁电机，需要钕铁硼磁材，美国人自己算过，如果中国断供，整个生产线要受影响（数 据来源：美国国防部 2019报告）。再看新能源车，特斯拉和大众的电机也要用到稀土永磁。没有钕、镝，这些电机的效率要大打折扣。中 国在稀土磁材全球市场份额超过85%（数据来源：Adamas Intelligence 2024）。这就是掐在手里的底牌。 我问你个问题，你有没有注意到，这几年全球媒体对中国态度的转变，尤其是欧洲？以前一提到中国，都是说"世界工厂说低成本，说仿 制。可现在到了贸易战这一步，连德国媒体都直接写"佩服这事是不是有点意思。 我查了一下，从2018年中美开始打关税战，美国先对钢铁、铝材、芯片这些加税，金额上百亿美元（数据来源：美国贸易代表办公室 2018）。特朗普当时就想把中国压下来，逼中国让步。问题是中国没低头，反手就把稀土牌亮出来。你知道稀土是什么吗，不是"稀少的土 而是一大堆元素，钕、铽、镧这些。全世界高科技，军工，新能源，几乎都离不开它。 美国自己稀土也有，可问题是开采和分离污染大，成本高，他们不愿意干。结果就是，美国稀土进口七成以上靠中国（数据来源：美国地质 ...

Core Insights - China is tightening its control over rare earth elements, which are critical for high-tech industries and military applications, through a series of regulatory measures [1][2][4] Regulatory Measures - Chinese authorities have mandated rare earth companies to submit lists of technical experts, including their educational backgrounds and research experiences, to monitor and prevent the outflow of key technologies [2][4] - The Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Science and Technology have included "rare earth extraction and processing technologies" in the prohibited export list, further sealing off channels for technology leakage [4][9] Market Dynamics - China controls over 60% of global rare earth exports and monopolizes 80% of key rare earth materials, making it difficult for the U.S. to establish an independent supply chain in the short term [5][9] - The U.S. faces significant challenges in rebuilding its rare earth supply chain, including a lack of existing mining equipment and skilled labor, which could take at least five years to address [7][9] Long-term Strategy - China's regulatory actions are not only focused on immediate concerns but also aim to secure its long-term strategic advantage in the rare earth sector [9] - The rise of China's rare earth industry has been a result of systematic efforts since 1957, leading to a tenfold increase in export volume over 15 years post-1990 [9]