在全球关键矿产供应链博弈日趋激烈的背景下，美国试图拉拢其他国家挑战中国在该领域的主导地位。 当地时间2月4日，美国召集50多个国家在华盛顿举行关键矿产部长级会议。美国副总统万斯在会上提出 建立一个"关键矿产贸易集团"，由美国牵头制定一套为相关大宗商品设定价格底线的机制。 阿根廷在会后宣布与美国签订关键矿产协议。此外，两国还敲定了一项互惠贸易与投资协议。根据有关 协议，阿根廷承诺，在铜、锂及其他关键矿产的贸易方面，将优先把美国作为贸易伙伴，而不是"操纵 市场的经济体或企业"。报道称，后者被视为指向中国。 基尔诺6日表示："阿根廷和美国这项协议的作用在于提高可预见性，使已经是阿根廷主要投资者的美国 企业能够进一步扩大投资。" 阿根廷外 【文/观察者网 王恺雯】据路透社报道，阿根廷外交部长巴勃罗·基尔诺当地时间2月6日表示，阿根廷与 美国本周签署的关键矿产协议，并未排除中国在有关领域对阿根廷的投资。 "截至今天，该协议并不意味着中国不能参与、或将不会参与对阿根廷的投资。事实上，中国已经对阿 根廷矿产领域进行了投资。"基尔诺6日在一场新闻发布会上说。 据报道，包括阿根廷在内，美国4日和库克群岛、厄瓜多尔、几内亚、摩洛 ...

Core Insights - The development of strategic metals and critical minerals in China is increasingly influenced by global geopolitical competition, with major economies pushing for localization and "de-China" strategies in critical mineral supply chains [6][7][8] - The concentration of critical mineral reserves and production is significant, with the top three countries (CR3) holding over 80% of reserves for more than ten mineral types, such as rare earths (approximately 80%) and gallium (94%) [20][21] - China's critical minerals can be categorized into four types based on supply risk and global dominance: those with global supply advantages, those with low supply risks, those that are highly scarce but manageable, and those with high supply risks [33][34][38] Group 1: Global Competition and Supply Chain - The security of critical mineral supply chains has become a frontline in global geopolitical economic competition, with countries seeking to reduce strategic dependencies and enhance supply chain autonomy [6][7] - The rise of resource nationalism is reshaping the global strategic mineral landscape, as resource-rich countries leverage their bargaining power to renegotiate contracts and increase fees [7][8] - Despite intense geopolitical competition, market forces remain the dominant driver of global mineral investment and mergers, suggesting that collaboration and interdependence will continue to play a significant role [8] Group 2: China's Strategic Minerals - China's strategic minerals can be divided into four categories: those with global supply advantages (e.g., rare earths, graphite), those with low supply risks (e.g., molybdenum, lithium), those that are highly scarce but manageable (e.g., nickel, cobalt), and those with high supply risks (e.g., niobium, platinum group metals) [33][34][38] - The country has implemented export controls on key minerals such as gallium, germanium, and graphite to prevent technology loss and counter external pressures, although a complete export ban could disrupt supply chains [2][48] - China's dominance in the production and processing of critical minerals, particularly in the context of clean energy and electric vehicles, positions it strategically in the global market [14][38] Group 3: Market Dynamics and Future Outlook - The demand for critical minerals is expected to surge, with projections indicating that by 2040, the demand for lithium could increase by over 40 times, and demand for other key minerals like graphite and nickel could grow by 20-25 times [14][15] - The interconnectedness of global critical mineral supply chains means that any disruption could lead to significant economic consequences, potentially reversing decades of globalization [8][19] - China's strategic approach to critical minerals, including potential export controls, aims to safeguard its economic security while navigating the complexities of international competition [48][49]