两种学习方式的核心差异就是，有监督学习依赖外部的明确指引，而无监督学习则源于系统内部的自主 探索与规律发现。传统观点认为，学习需要依赖奖励信号（如食物、表扬）或明确反馈（如错误纠 正），但婴儿大脑展现出的惊人能力，正促使神经科学界重新审视这一认知。那么，生物大脑的无监督 学习能力到底从何而来？ 一、无监督学习是大脑预习课 无监督学习的能力并非人类独有。例如，小鼠在探索新环境时，无需奖励就能自主形成空间记忆。为了 精准地观察这一过程，美国霍华德·休斯医学研究所（HHMI）的科学家Marius Pachitariu和Carsen Stringer领导的团队，设计了一项精巧的实验[1]。 当婴儿凝视旋转的风铃时，他或她的大脑便在悄然破解光影变化的规律。无需奖励或惩罚，这种对世界 的理解就已在神经回路中生根发芽——这正是"无监督学习"的生动体现。 反观当下最先进的人工智能，要区分"猫"和"狗"的图片，也需要在大量标注数据的"喂养"下才能实现。 这种需要引导的学习方式，则被称为"有监督学习"。 在神经科学里，有监督学习表现为外部奖惩引导的神经连接强化（如条件反射），而无监督学习是大脑 自主提取环境特征（如自发形成对线条 ...

Group 1 - The emergence of superintelligence is predicted to occur by 2026, which could represent a pivotal moment in human history, potentially leading to a choice between submission to or rebellion against this new intelligence [2][3] - The author, Zhu Jiaming, posits that artificial intelligence is creating a "third existence" that fundamentally alters human civilization, distinct from physical and spiritual existence [2][3] - The development of AI is marked by three waves: machine learning, deep learning, and the current trend of generative AI models, which have significantly advanced AI capabilities [4][5][6] Group 2 - The introduction of AI into economic activities challenges traditional economic theories, particularly the assumption of "rational agents" and the concept of resource scarcity [8][9] - AI's efficiency surpasses human labor, leading to a potential redefinition of economic principles such as division of labor and employment goals [9][10] - The integration of AI into various sectors is expected to create new academic disciplines, such as AI economics and AI sociology, to explore the interactions between AI and societal structures [10] Group 3 - Concerns about AI's potential to surpass human control have sparked discussions about the need for humanity to undergo a transformation towards a new human identity [11][12] - The concept of transhumanism suggests that humans can transcend their natural limitations through technology, with advancements in bioengineering supporting this vision [12] - The relationship between human intelligence and AI is seen as one of mutual understanding, with AI playing a crucial role in future wealth creation [12]