文 | 投行圈子 代币化的美国国债在链上生息，房产和艺术品被切割成数字碎片，传统金融巨头与加密新贵争相布局 ——RWA正成为当下最炙手可热的风口。 香港数码港的会议室里，一位年轻投资者向我们展示他的数字钱包：" 这是我上个月购入的贝莱德美元债券代币，这些是代币化的黄金，最这边还有一块美国商业地产的碎片 化权益。" 币安创始人赵长鹏在香港"加密金融论坛2025"上一语道破天机："RWA没有想象中容易，尤其非金融类 RWA资产若本身交易性不强，有可能陷入流动性不足。" 一边是花旗银行预测2030年将有45万亿美元的代币化数字证券，另一边是众多RWA代币每月活跃地址 不足10个的冰冷现实。 这场被誉为"区块链杀手级应用"的RWA运动，究竟是连接传统金融与加密世界的桥梁，还是市场狂热 吹起的又一场泡沫？ 01 什么是RWA：现实资产与区块链的碰撞 RWA，全称为Real World Assets，即现实世界资产，指的是通过代币化进入区块链的实物资产。这些资 产可以是金融资产如国债、债券，也可以是实体资产如房地产、艺术品，甚至可以是私募股权、应收账 款等。 RWA的本质是将传统世界中有价值的资产通过区块链技术转化为可交 ...

Core Insights - Real World Assets (RWA) are becoming a hot trend, bridging traditional finance and the crypto world through tokenization of physical assets like real estate and art [2][3] - The market for tokenized assets is projected to reach $45 trillion by 2030, but current engagement levels are low, with many RWA tokens having fewer than 10 active addresses monthly [2][4] Definition and Market Overview - RWA refers to physical assets that are tokenized and entered into the blockchain, including financial assets like government bonds and tangible assets like real estate and art [3] - The tokenization of non-liquid assets could create a market worth $16 trillion, representing nearly 10% of global GDP by 2030 [3] Market Growth and Composition - As of mid-2025, $24 to $25 billion of RWA has been successfully migrated to blockchain, a significant increase from under $5 billion in early 2023 [4] - Private credit and tokenized U.S. government bonds dominate the RWA market, with BlackRock's BUIDL token valued at $2.42 billion and Ondo Finance's OUSG token at $1.76 billion, together accounting for nearly 20% of the market [4] Liquidity Challenges - Despite the impressive market size, liquidity remains a significant issue, with BlackRock's BUIDL token having only 85 holders and 30 active addresses monthly [6] - Tokenized real estate and art face severe liquidity constraints, often being illiquid "digital specimens" with minimal trading activity [4][6] Driving Factors Behind RWA Interest - The recent surge in interest for RWA is driven by yield differentials, with U.S. Treasury yields rising from 0.3% to 5%, attracting capital to safer, higher-yielding assets [5] - Traditional financial institutions are increasingly entering the RWA space, providing legitimacy and support for the market [5] Structural Barriers to Development - Regulatory challenges exist, as many RWA tokens are classified as securities, limiting market participation to accredited investors and complicating cross-border transactions [8] - The market is fragmented, with various decentralized exchanges and platforms creating liquidity "islands," hindering efficient price discovery [9] Future Development Pathways - A hybrid market structure combining centralized and decentralized elements may be the best approach, allowing for compliant issuance and trading of tokenized assets [12] - Emphasizing collateralized lending as a means to enhance liquidity, allowing RWA holders to access funds without selling their assets [13][14] Ecosystem Improvement Strategies - Regulatory innovation and the establishment of standardized asset disclosure and valuation frameworks are essential to reduce information asymmetry [15] - Industry self-regulation and the involvement of rating agencies can enhance market credibility and transparency [15] Investment Strategies - Investors should focus on liquid asset classes and compliant platforms, recognizing the inherent risks and diversifying investments across different RWA categories [16] - Advanced investors may consider participating in the foundational aspects of the RWA ecosystem, such as market-making or governance [17]

Core Insights - The report from the U.S. Treasury Department on digital currencies, particularly stablecoins, highlights the current market value of stablecoins at approximately $234 billion, with over 99% pegged to the U.S. dollar, primarily led by Tether (USDT) and Circle (USDC) [1][2][25] - The GENIUS Act, proposed for 2025, aims to establish a regulatory framework for stablecoins, defining them as "digital assets for payment" and imposing requirements on issuers regarding reserve assets and transparency [2][25] - The stablecoin market is projected to grow significantly, potentially reaching $2 trillion by 2028, driven by institutional participation and the migration of wholesale markets to blockchain [1][24][22] Market Overview - The current total market capitalization of stablecoins is around $234 billion, with Tether and Circle holding $145 billion and $60.2 billion respectively [1][16] - The emergence of tokenized money market funds (MMFs) is providing an alternative to stablecoins, attracting significant investments, such as BlackRock's BUIDL token, which raised over $240 million in its first week [1][18] - The report indicates that the stablecoin market is evolving, with the boundaries between MMFs and payment stablecoins becoming increasingly blurred [6][18] Regulatory Landscape - The GENIUS Act outlines that stablecoin issuers must hold reserves in low-risk assets, such as short-term U.S. Treasury securities, and mandates monthly disclosures of reserves [2][25] - Comparisons with regulatory frameworks in the EU, Singapore, and Hong Kong reveal that all regions emphasize the need for stablecoins to be non-interest bearing and backed by low-risk assets, though differences exist in issuer qualifications and blockchain types [2][25] - The proposed legislation is expected to clarify the regulatory environment for stablecoins, potentially influencing their market dynamics and growth trajectory [25][24] Financial Implications - Stablecoins are anticipated to have a neutral net impact on U.S. money supply, although they may facilitate the transfer of non-dollar liquidity into dollars and cause internal fund shifts within M1/M2 [2][32] - The demand for U.S. Treasury securities is expected to increase significantly, with stablecoin issuers currently holding over $120 billion in Treasuries, and a projected additional demand of approximately $900 billion if stablecoin usage expands [2][30] - The potential for stablecoins to disrupt traditional banking is acknowledged, with implications for deposit flows and the need for banks to adapt their interest rates in response to competition from stablecoins [2][28][37] Use Cases and Market Dynamics - Stablecoins are being utilized for various applications, including cross-border transfers, on-chain settlements, and merchant payments, supported by blockchain technology for instant transactions [3][19] - The report emphasizes the potential for stablecoins to enhance financial services offered by banks and financial institutions, leveraging blockchain for improved efficiency and new business models [20][37] - The growth of stablecoins is expected to accelerate due to changing market dynamics and regulatory advancements, with projections indicating a market value of around $2 trillion by 2028 [22][24]