Core Viewpoint - Puyuan Precision Electric is initiating an IPO in Hong Kong less than four years after its listing on the Sci-Tech Innovation Board, driven by concerns over declining revenue growth and fluctuating net profits, despite high R&D investments and a focus on technology [2] Revenue and Profitability Concerns - Revenue growth has slowed significantly, with figures of 631 million, 671 million, and 776 million yuan from 2022 to 2024, showing a drop in growth rate from 30.3% in 2022 to 6.34% in 2023, and only a slight recovery to 15.7% in 2024 [3] - In the first half of 2025, revenue was 355 million yuan, with a growth rate of just 15.57%, indicating a clear lag behind faster-growing peers [3] - The quality of revenue growth is questionable, as accounts receivable accounted for 201.54% of net profit in the third quarter of 2025, suggesting reliance on credit sales rather than genuine market demand [3] Net Profit Challenges - Net profit was 92 million yuan in 2022, briefly rising to 108 million yuan in 2023, but then falling by 14.5% back to 92 million yuan in 2024, with a further decline to 16 million yuan in the first half of 2025 [4] - The net profit margin dropped from 16.1% in 2023 to 4.6% in the first half of 2025, highlighting severe issues in cost control and profit stability [4] High R&D Investment with Low Returns - R&D expenses increased from 131 million yuan in 2022 to 207 million yuan in 2024, with R&D expense ratios rising from 20.7% to 26.6% [5] - Despite high R&D spending, only 46.69% of revenue came from self-developed products by the first half of 2025, with a market share of less than 10% in high-end oscilloscopes [5] Sales Channel Dependency - The company heavily relies on direct sales, with the top five customers accounting for 32.7% of sales in 2024, raising concerns about customer concentration risk [7] - Direct sales accounted for 33.47% of revenue in the first quarter of 2025, indicating ongoing reliance on a limited customer base [7] E-commerce Performance Issues - E-commerce revenue accounted for less than 20% of total revenue by 2024, with low repeat purchase rates and a lack of stable customer groups [8] - The overseas e-commerce segment only contributed 20% of foreign business revenue, significantly lower than competitors [8] Financial Discrepancies - The company has distributed 255 million yuan in dividends since its IPO, with the founders receiving over 60% of this amount, raising questions about financial management [9] - Despite holding 3.29 billion yuan in cash and 1.788 billion yuan in financial assets, the company is planning to raise funds in Hong Kong for R&D and capacity expansion, which raises concerns about the rationale behind this strategy [9] Cash Flow and Inventory Issues - The company reported negative cash flow from operating activities of -14 million yuan in the first half of 2025, indicating insufficient cash inflow to cover outflows [10] - Inventory levels rose from 170 million yuan in 2022 to 271 million yuan in 2024, with a turnover period of 248 days, posing risks of obsolescence and price depreciation [11]

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Accumulate" rating for the company [1] Core Views - In the first half of 2025, the company achieved a revenue of 350 million yuan, representing a year-on-year growth of 16%, with a net profit attributable to shareholders of 16 million yuan, also showing a year-on-year increase of 0.16% [2] - In Q2 alone, the company recorded a revenue of 190 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 20%, and a net profit of 12 million yuan, reflecting a significant year-on-year growth of 829% [2] - The revenue growth is primarily driven by high-end products and solutions, with high-end digital oscilloscopes (bandwidth ≥ 2GHz) sales increasing by 41% year-on-year, accounting for 30% of the oscilloscope segment's revenue [2] - The sales revenue from solutions reached approximately 62 million yuan in the first half of 2025, marking a year-on-year growth of 44% [2] Financial Performance Summary - The company's gross profit margin for the first half of 2025 was 55.4%, a decrease of 1.3 percentage points year-on-year, while the net profit margin was 4.6%, down 0.33 percentage points year-on-year [3] - The decline in gross margin is attributed to increased production costs at the Malaysian facility, changes in product mix, and the impact of U.S. tariffs [3] - The company’s expense ratio decreased by 5.3 percentage points year-on-year to 59.4%, benefiting from economies of scale [3] Employee Incentives and Global Strategy - The company announced a restricted stock incentive plan in April 2025, proposing to grant 2 million shares to 99 core employees, representing 1.0% of the total share capital [4] - The incentive plan aims to bind core employees and reflects the company's confidence in growth, with performance targets set for revenue and net profit growth [4] - Additionally, the company is preparing for a Hong Kong stock listing to accelerate its global branding and product strategy [4]