Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2025, total revenue increased by 11% from $20.5 million to $22.6 million [5] - Recurring revenue rose by 10% to $22.3 million, with setup fees increasing from $95,000 in fiscal 2024 to over $300,000 in fiscal 2025 [5] - Total operating expenses increased by 6%, primarily due to investments in RTN and other development costs [5] - Fiscal year income from operations increased by 24% to $6.2 million, while GAAP net income rose by 17% to $7 million [7] - Earnings per share for fiscal year 2025 was $0.36 basic and $0.35 diluted, reflecting a year-over-year EPS growth of 21% [8] - Cash from operations increased by 21% from $7 million to $8.4 million, and total cash rose by 14% from $25.2 million to $28.6 million [8] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Annual recurring revenue continues to represent between 98% and 99% of total revenue, indicating strong stability in recurring income [8] - The increase in deferred revenue was 30%, from $2.4 million to $3.2 million, indicating future revenue growth [12] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company is experiencing growth across all lines of business, including compliance and supply chain, not just traceability [11] - The traceability initiative has expanded the target market significantly, allowing the company to engage with smaller accounts effectively [19] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company's strategy focuses on growing annual recurring revenue between 10% to 20% while increasing profitability at a faster rate [4] - The management emphasizes a customer-centric approach, ensuring exceptional service to drive further sales [15] - The company aims to enhance its contribution margin from approximately 50% towards 80% through investments in automation and efficiency [15] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management remains confident in the company's growth trajectory, expecting to double the size of the company over the next several years [10] - The company is adapting to market changes and regulatory requirements, particularly in traceability, which is seen as a significant growth opportunity [26] Other Important Information - The company has zero bank debt and has been actively returning capital to shareholders through share buybacks and dividends [16][17] - The capital allocation strategy includes redeeming preferred shares and increasing common stock dividends [17] Q&A Session Summary Question: Did you change your pricing or billing strategy? - The company has not fundamentally changed its pricing or billing strategy but has found that automation allows them to effectively serve smaller accounts as well as larger ones [30][31] Question: How have tariffs impacted your business? - Currently, tariffs have not significantly impacted the business, but there is potential for future effects on the food supply chain [32][33] Question: What are your thoughts on strategic M&A? - The company is open to M&A opportunities that are accretive and would enhance their service offerings or market reach [35][36] Question: Would you consider paying a one-time dividend? - Management prefers to focus on increasing regular dividends rather than issuing a one-time dividend, as it provides more consistent value to shareholders [38][39] Question: Do you have any crypto treasury plans? - The company has no plans to invest in cryptocurrency, viewing it as too risky and preferring to focus on their established capital allocation strategy [43][44]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2025, total revenue increased by 11% from $20.5 million to $22.6 million [5] - Recurring revenue rose by 10% to $22.3 million, with setup fees increasing from $95,000 in fiscal 2024 to over $300,000 in fiscal 2025 [5] - Total operating expenses increased by 6%, primarily due to investments in RTN and other development costs [5] - GAAP net income increased by 17% from $6 million to $7 million, with earnings per share growing by 21% [7][8] - Cash from operations rose by 21% from $7 million to $8.4 million, and total cash increased by 14% from $25.2 million to $28.6 million [8][10] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Annual recurring revenue continues to represent between 98% and 99% of total revenue, indicating strong stability in recurring income [8] - The growth in deferred revenue was 30%, increasing from $2.4 million to $3.2 million, reflecting future revenue potential [12] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company is experiencing growth across all lines of business, including compliance and supply chain, not just traceability [11] - The traceability network is becoming increasingly significant, with a growing number of referrals coming from suppliers and manufacturers [22] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company aims to grow annual recurring revenue between 10% to 20% while increasing profitability at a faster rate [4] - A focus on automation and efficiency is central to the company's strategy, with ongoing investments in AI-driven onboarding tools [5][24] - The company is shifting its marketing approach to target smaller accounts, expanding its total addressable market [19] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in continued growth and profitability, projecting that the business model will double in size over the next several years [10] - The company is well-positioned to meet traceability requirements, which are increasingly important in the industry [26] - Management noted that the FDA's change in compliance timelines has provided breathing room for effective rollout [26] Other Important Information - The company has zero bank debt and has returned over $25 million in capital to shareholders through share buybacks and dividends [10][16] - The capital allocation strategy includes a commitment to return 50% of annual cash from operations to shareholders [17] Q&A Session Summary Question: Did you change your pricing or billing strategy? - Management clarified that the automation allows them to effectively serve smaller accounts, changing their marketing and billing approach [30][31] Question: How have tariffs impacted your business? - Management indicated that tariffs have not significantly impacted the business so far, but there could be future effects on the food supply chain [32][33] Question: What are your thoughts on strategic M&A? - Management is open to opportunities but has nothing to announce at this time, indicating increased interest in potential acquisitions [35][36] Question: Would you consider paying a one-time dividend? - Management expressed a preference for increasing regular dividends rather than issuing a one-time dividend, focusing on long-term growth [38][39] Question: Do you have any crypto treasury plans? - Management confirmed that they have no plans to invest in cryptocurrency, citing a preference for stability and risk management [43]

ReposiTrak (NYSE:TRAK) Q4 2025 Earnings Call September 29, 2025 04:15 PM ET Company ParticipantsRandy Fields - CEO and ChairmanJeff Stanlis - VPJohn Merrill - CFOConference Call ParticipantsThomas Forte - AnalystOperatorGreetings and welcome. At this time, while participants are in a listen-only mode, a question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce you to our host, Jeff Stanlis with FNKIR. Mr. Stanlis, yo ...

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2025, total revenue increased by 11% from $20.5 million to $22.6 million [5] - Recurring revenue rose by 10% to $22.3 million, with setup fees increasing from $95,000 in fiscal 2024 to over $300,000 in fiscal 2025 [5] - Total operating expenses increased by 6%, primarily due to investments in RTN and other development costs [5] - GAAP net income increased by 17% from $6 million to $7 million, with earnings per share growing by 21% [6][7] - Cash from operations rose by 21% from $7 million to $8.4 million, and total cash increased by 14% from $25.2 million to $28.6 million [7][10] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Annual recurring revenue continues to represent between 98% and 99% of total revenue, indicating strong stability in revenue streams [8] - The company experienced growth across all lines of business, not just traceability, with significant momentum in compliance and supply chain solutions [11][12] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Deferred revenue increased by 30% from $2.4 million to $3.2 million, indicating strong future revenue potential [12] - The company is positioned as a leading solution provider for traceability requirements, with a growing network effect enhancing customer acquisition [25] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company aims to grow annual recurring revenue between 10% to 20% while increasing profitability at a faster rate [4] - A focus on automation and efficiency is central to the company's strategy, allowing it to serve smaller accounts effectively [18][19] - The company is exploring a middle-out approach to market expansion, targeting both upstream and downstream customers [21][24] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in continued growth and profitability, projecting the potential to double the company's size in the coming years [10] - The company remains cautious about external factors such as tariffs but has not seen significant impacts thus far [32][33] - Management emphasized the importance of maintaining a strong balance sheet with zero bank debt while returning capital to shareholders [15][17] Other Important Information - The company has terminated its $12 million credit facility and has redeemed a significant portion of preferred shares [16] - A commitment to return 50% of annual cash from operations to shareholders while maintaining cash reserves is highlighted [17] Q&A Session Summary Question: Did you change your pricing or billing strategy? - The company clarified that it has not fundamentally changed its pricing strategy but can now effectively serve smaller accounts due to automation [29][30] Question: How have tariffs impacted your business? - Management indicated that tariffs have not significantly impacted the business yet, but there could be future implications for parts of the food supply chain [32][33] Question: What are your thoughts on strategic M&A? - The company is open to exploring M&A opportunities that are accretive and provide access to new customers or adjacent industries [34][36] Question: Would you consider paying a one-time dividend? - Management expressed a preference for increasing regular dividends rather than issuing a one-time dividend, emphasizing long-term growth [39][40] Question: Do you have any crypto treasury plans? - The company has no plans to invest in cryptocurrency, citing a preference for stability and risk management [42]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company achieved record revenues, operating income, EBITDA, and customer deposits, with net income reaching an all-time high of $2 billion, surpassing pre-pandemic levels by nearly 10% [7][9][19] - Operating income and EBITDA reached the highest levels in nearly 20 years, despite a 2.5% lower capacity compared to the previous year [8][9] - Yields increased by 4.6% on a same-ship basis, exceeding guidance due to strong close-in demand and onboard spending [9][20] - The company reported a return on invested capital (ROIC) of 13%, the first time in nearly 20 years that returns have reached the teens [9][10] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Customer deposits at the end of the quarter reached a record $7.1 billion, up over $300 million from the previous year, driven by higher ticket pricing and increased sales of pre-cruise onboard revenue items [22] - Cruise costs without fuel per available lower berth day (ALBD) increased by 5.5% compared to the prior year, but this was better than guidance due to cost-saving initiatives [20] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Booking trends have improved significantly, with nearly half of 2026 already booked at higher prices, indicating strong demand [10][24] - The company expects 2.8 million guests to visit Celebration Key next year, with high utilization rates anticipated [13] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on increasing same-ship yields and closing the value gap with land-based alternatives, with plans to return capital to shareholders as leverage metrics improve [10][27] - The successful launch of Celebration Key is expected to enhance guest experiences and drive future bookings, with significant media impressions generated [12][13] - The company is investing in its brands and assets, with a focus on improving operational performance and profitability [16][17] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the future, citing strong booking trends and operational execution as key drivers of success [10][18] - The company is optimistic about 2026, with expectations of continued yield improvement despite some anticipated headwinds from new loyalty programs and operational costs [24][57] Other Important Information - The company has been actively refinancing and deleveraging, reducing secured debt by nearly $2.5 billion and targeting a net debt to EBITDA ratio of under three times [26][28] - The company plans to reinstate its dividend program and potentially consider share buybacks as it approaches its leverage targets [80] Q&A Session Summary Question: Clarification on forward booking prices - Management confirmed that both North America and Europe are at historical record high pricing levels, with no dramatic changes from the previous quarter [31][32] Question: Impact of Celebration Key on ticket prices - Management indicated that Celebration Key is positively impacting ticket prices, with early operations meeting expectations [33][34] Question: Consumer behavior shifts - Management noted that they are not seeing significant shifts in consumer behavior, with strong bookings continuing year over year [40][41] Question: 2026 booking strategy - Management is optimistic about 2026, with a focus on optimizing strategies based on past experiences and current market conditions [44][45] Question: 2027 bookings and dry dock plans - Management indicated that 2027 bookings are off to an unprecedented start, with plans for fewer dry dock days compared to 2026 [50][104] Question: Evaluating new ships versus retrofitting programs - Management is actively considering retrofitting programs similar to AIDA's, focusing on maximizing existing assets [107][108] Question: Competitive edge in Galveston - Management emphasized the importance of maintaining a strong guest experience and diversifying offerings to stay competitive in the Galveston market [110][111]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company achieved record revenues, yields, operating income, EBITDA, and customer deposits, with net income reaching an all-time high of $2 billion, surpassing pre-pandemic levels by nearly 10% [7][20]. - Operating income and EBITDA reached the highest levels in nearly 20 years, despite a 2.5% lower capacity compared to the previous year [7][9]. - Yields increased by 4.6% on a same-ship basis, exceeding guidance due to strong close-in demand and onboard spending [9][21]. - The return on invested capital (ROIC) was reported at 13%, the first time reaching the teens since 2007 [9][27]. - The net debt to EBITDA ratio improved to 3.6 times, moving closer to investment-grade metrics [9][27]. Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Customer deposits reached a record $7.1 billion, up over $300 million year-over-year, driven by higher ticket pricing and increased sales of pre-cruise onboard revenue items [22]. - Cruise costs without fuel per available lower berth day (ALBD) increased by 5.5% compared to the prior year, but this was better than guidance due to cost-saving initiatives [21][24]. Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Booking trends have improved significantly, with nearly half of 2026 already booked at higher prices, indicating strong demand [10][25]. - The company expects 2.8 million guests to visit the new destination, Celebration Key, next year, enhancing utilization rates [13][16]. Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on increasing same-ship yields and closing the value gap with land-based alternatives, aiming to push margins and returns higher over time [10][19]. - The successful launch of Celebration Key is expected to drive future growth, with plans for further development in Caribbean destinations [11][14]. - The company is also investing in its brands and assets, with a focus on improving operational performance and capitalizing on high-return opportunities [17][18]. Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the future, citing strong operational execution and improved booking trends as key drivers for growth [10][19]. - The company anticipates a favorable environment for 2026, with no significant capacity growth and a focus on optimizing operations to mitigate cost headwinds [25][55]. - Management highlighted the importance of diversifying offerings and enhancing guest experiences to maintain competitive advantages in key markets [102][103]. Other Important Information - The company has been actively refinancing to reduce interest expenses and strengthen its capital structure, with over $11 billion of debt refinanced at favorable rates [27][28]. - The company plans to return capital to shareholders as leverage metrics improve, with discussions around reinstating dividends and potential buybacks [75][76]. Q&A Session Summary Question: Clarification on forward booking prices - Management confirmed that both North America and Europe are at historical record high pricing levels, with no dramatic changes from the previous quarter [33][34]. Question: Impact of Celebration Key on ticket prices - Management indicated that Celebration Key is positively impacting ticket prices, with early operations meeting expectations [35][37]. Question: Consumer behavior shifts - Management noted that they are not seeing significant shifts in consumer behavior, with strong bookings continuing across various brands [43][44]. Question: 2026 booking strategy - Management expressed confidence in the 2026 booking strategy, emphasizing the importance of optimizing operations based on past learnings [46][55]. Question: 2027 bookings and dry dock plans - Management indicated that 2027 bookings are off to an unprecedented start, with plans for fewer dry dock days compared to 2026 [51][95]. Question: Capital return strategy - Management discussed the potential for returning capital to shareholders, emphasizing the importance of reinstating dividends while also considering buybacks [71][75].

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company achieved record revenues, operating income, EBITDA, and customer deposits, with net income reaching an all-time high of $2 billion, surpassing pre-pandemic levels by nearly 10% [7][9][19] - Operating income and EBITDA reached the highest levels in nearly 20 years, despite a 2.5% decrease in capacity compared to the previous year [8][9] - Yields increased by 4.6% on a same-ship basis, exceeding guidance, driven by strong close-in demand and onboard spending [9][20] - The company reported a return on invested capital (ROIC) of 13%, the first time since 2007 that returns have reached the teens [9][10] - Net debt to EBITDA ratio improved to 3.6x, approaching investment-grade metrics [9][26] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company welcomed the Star Princess into the fleet, which represents over 15% of the Princess fleet, expected to boost brand performance [11] - Celebration Key, a new destination, has received positive feedback and is anticipated to attract 2.8 million guests next year, enhancing overall brand value [12][13] - The company is focusing on targeted investments in Caribbean destinations, expecting to capture over 8 million guest visits next year [15] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company has the largest assets and capacity dedicated to Alaska and a significant presence in Europe, both performing well [16] - The Caribbean market remains a crucial segment, accounting for about one-third of the company's business [109] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company aims to continue improving same-ship yields and closing the value gap with land-based alternatives, enhancing margins and returns over time [10][15] - The strategic focus includes expanding destination offerings and enhancing guest experiences to drive consumer consistency and conversion [15][16] - The company plans to maintain a disciplined approach to capital deployment, focusing on high-return brands and operational improvements [16][17] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in booking trends, with nearly half of 2026 already booked at higher prices, indicating a positive outlook for the upcoming year [10][24] - The company is optimistic about the impact of the new loyalty program and the operational benefits from new destinations [24][25] - Management acknowledged potential headwinds in 2026 but emphasized the strength of the diversified portfolio and ongoing operational improvements [56][90] Other Important Information - The company has been actively refinancing to reduce interest expenses and strengthen its capital structure, with a target of a net debt to EBITDA ratio below three times [26][27] - The company plans to return capital to shareholders as leverage metrics improve, with discussions on reinstating dividends and potential buybacks [75][76] Q&A Session Summary Question: Clarification on forward booking prices - Management confirmed that both North America and Europe are at historical record high pricing levels, with no significant changes from the previous quarter [31][32] Question: Impact of Celebration Key on ticket prices - Management indicated that Celebration Key is positively impacting ticket prices, with early operations meeting expectations [33][34] Question: Consumer behavior shifts - Management noted strong booking trends and emphasized that the company is not seeing significant shifts in consumer behavior despite broader market trends [39][40] Question: 2026 booking strategy - Management expressed confidence in the current booking position for 2026 and indicated that lessons learned from previous years will inform future strategies [42][44] Question: 2027 bookings and dry dock plans - Management stated that 2027 bookings are off to an unprecedented start, with plans for fewer dry dock days compared to 2026 [50][100] Question: Capital return strategy - Management highlighted the importance of reinstating dividends and the potential for buybacks, with a focus on returning capital to shareholders as leverage improves [75][76] Question: Connection between brand initiatives and pricing - Management discussed the positive impact of brand initiatives like the AIDA Evolutions program on pricing and overall yield improvements [64][68] Question: Improvements in laggard brands - Management acknowledged that some laggard brands are showing improvement and emphasized ongoing support for these brands to enhance their performance [94][96]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company achieved record revenues, yields, operating income, EBITDA, and customer deposits, with net income reaching an all-time high of $2 billion, surpassing pre-pandemic levels by nearly 10% [9][22] - Operating income and EBITDA reached the highest levels in nearly 20 years, despite a 2.5% lower capacity compared to the previous year [9][11] - Yields increased by 4.6% on a same-ship basis, exceeding guidance due to strong close-in demand and onboard spending [10][22] - The company reported a return on invested capital (ROIC) of 13%, the first time in nearly 20 years that returns have reached the teens [11][19] - Net debt to EBITDA ratio improved to 3.6 times, approaching investment-grade metrics [11][28] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Customer deposits reached a record $7.1 billion, up over $300 million year-over-year, driven by higher ticket pricing and increased sales of pre-cruise onboard revenue items [24] - Cruise costs without fuel per available lower berth day (ALBD) increased by 5.5% compared to the prior year, but were better than guidance due to cost-saving initiatives [23][28] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Booking trends have improved, with nearly half of 2026 already booked at higher prices, indicating strong demand [12][26] - The company expects 2.8 million guests to visit Celebration Key next year, with high utilization rates anticipated [15][17] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on increasing same-ship yields and closing the value gap with land-based alternatives, with plans to return capital to shareholders as leverage improves [12][29] - The successful launch of Celebration Key is expected to enhance guest experiences and drive future bookings [14][27] - The company is investing in its brands and operational improvements to enhance profitability and returns, with a disciplined approach to capital deployment [19][20] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the continued strength of booking trends and operational execution, despite potential headwinds from new loyalty programs and dry dock expenses [26][60] - The company anticipates a capacity increase of only 0.8% in 2026, which is expected to support pricing power and yield improvements [26][60] Other Important Information - The company has been actively refinancing to reduce interest expenses and strengthen its capital structure, with over $11 billion of debt refinanced at favorable rates [28][30] - The company is targeting a net debt to EBITDA ratio of under three times, with plans to return capital to shareholders once this target is achieved [29][30] Q&A Session Summary Question: Clarification on forward booking prices - Management clarified that both North America and Europe are at historic record high pricing levels, with no significant changes from the previous quarter [35][36] Question: Impact of Celebration Key on forward bookings - Management indicated that Celebration Key is positively impacting ticket prices for itineraries that include the destination, meeting expectations [37][38] Question: Observations on consumer behavior - Management noted that they have not observed significant behavioral shifts among consumers, with strong booking trends continuing [46][48] Question: 2026 outlook and booking strategy - Management expressed confidence in the 2026 outlook, with a strong booking curve and no capacity growth expected [60][61] Question: Capital return strategy - Management indicated that discussions on capital return will occur once leverage metrics improve, with a focus on reinstating dividends [76][77]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - FedEx achieved structural cost reduction targets of $1.8 billion in FY 2024 and $2.2 billion in FY 2025, reaching an overall target of $4 billion over the FY 2023 base [13] - The company returned approximately $4.3 billion back to stockholders in FY 2025 [13] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company operated as "One FedEx" in FY 2025, indicating a unified operational approach across its various business lines [13] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - FedEx secured over 3 million gallons of blended sustainable aviation fuel for delivery at Los Angeles International Airport, marking the largest SAF purchase executed by a U.S. cargo airline at LAX as of May 2025 [16] Company Strategy and Development Direction - FedEx is focused on achieving carbon neutrality in its operations and supporting the low-carbon transition in the transportation and logistics industry, with specific initiatives in vehicle electrification and sustainable energy [16] - The company emphasizes the importance of its employees in delivering exceptional customer experiences and expanding into new markets [13] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - The CEO paid tribute to the company's founder, highlighting the legacy and vision that continue to inspire FedEx's operations [12] - Management expressed pride in the team's response to a rapidly evolving market and their commitment to making a difference [13] Other Important Information - The stockholder proposal for an independent board chairman was not approved [11] Q&A Session Summary Question: What has been done to improve emission reduction of FedEx aircraft since the 2024 annual meeting? - FedEx is implementing comprehensive long-term actions and interim goals for carbon neutrality, focusing on vehicle electrification, sustainable energy, and sustainable aviation fuel [16] Question: What new aircraft will FedEx take delivery of between now and the 2026 annual meeting? - For information regarding planned future aircraft deliveries, stakeholders are directed to refer to the stat book on the Investor Relations website [17]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - FedEx achieved structural cost reductions of $4 billion over the FY23 base, with $1.8 billion in FY24 and $2.2 billion in FY25 [13] - The company returned approximately $4.3 billion to shareholders in FY25 [13] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company operated as "One FedEx" for the first time in FY25, indicating a unified operational approach [13] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - FedEx secured over 3 million gallons of blended sustainable aviation fuel, marking the largest SAF purchase by a U.S. cargo airline at Los Angeles International Airport as of May 2025 [16] Company Strategy and Development Direction - FedEx is focused on achieving carbon neutrality in its operations and supporting the low-carbon transition in the transportation and logistics industry [16] - The company emphasizes vehicle electrification, sustainable energy for facilities, and a more fuel-efficient fleet [16] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - The CEO highlighted the company's commitment to delivering exceptional service and exceeding customer expectations, which is crucial for expanding into new markets [13] - The legacy of the founder, Frederick W. Smith, was acknowledged, emphasizing the company's long-term vision and commitment to excellence [12] Other Important Information - The stockholder proposal for an independent board chairman was not approved [11] Q&A Session Summary Question: What has been done to improve emission reduction of FedEx aircraft since the 2024 annual meeting? - FedEx is implementing long-term actions and interim goals for carbon neutrality, focusing on vehicle electrification, sustainable energy, and sustainable aviation fuel [16] Question: What new aircraft will FedEx take delivery of between now and the 2026 annual meeting? - For information regarding planned future aircraft deliveries, stakeholders are directed to the Investor Relations website [17]