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中国宏观经济月报:DeepSeek的抄袭争议——蒸馏技术的使用
CHIEF SECURITIES· 2025-02-12 12:02
Group 1: DeepSeek Controversy - DeepSeek's rapid rise has led to accusations of "plagiarism" regarding its model's reliance on knowledge from other advanced models[2] - Microsoft security researchers indicated that DeepSeek employees accessed significant data via OpenAI's API, suggesting potential training data for models V3 and R1[2] Group 2: Distillation Technology - Distillation technology is a common optimization method in machine learning, transferring knowledge from large models (teacher) to smaller models (student) to enhance efficiency[3] - The concept of distillation was introduced by Geoffrey Hinton in 2015, emphasizing knowledge transfer rather than copying model architecture or code[3] Group 3: DeepSeek's Implementation - DeepSeek generated 800,000 training samples from its R1 series to enhance the V3 model's training efficiency[5] - The integration of reasoning chains from R1 into V3 significantly improved its reasoning performance, demonstrating the effectiveness of distillation[5] Group 4: Advantages and Challenges of Distillation - Distillation can lower data construction costs and expand the application range of AI models, particularly benefiting small enterprises[7] - However, student models often face performance limitations due to inherent constraints of the teacher models, especially in complex tasks[7]
特朗普就职首日秀点评
CHIEF SECURITIES· 2025-02-05 09:23
Immigration Policies - Trump prioritized immigration issues in his inaugural address, announcing a state of emergency at the southern border and plans to deport millions of illegal immigrants[4][6] - The U.S. labor market added 2.232 million non-farm jobs in 2024, with education, healthcare, and leisure sectors accounting for 1.696 million jobs, or 73% of total additions[6][7] - The potential deportation of up to 8.3 million illegal immigrants could increase inflation by 3.5 percentage points by 2026[7] Energy Policies - Trump declared a national energy emergency, aiming to boost traditional energy production while suspending wind energy project approvals and ending green energy policies[13][28] - U.S. crude oil production is stable at 11-13 million barrels per day, representing about 16% of global output, which may increase supply pressure on international oil prices[13][28] - The EIA forecasts a global oversupply in the oil market starting in Q2 2025, which could help mitigate secondary inflation risks[13][28] Tariff and Trade Policies - Trump mentioned tariffs less prominently, indicating a reform of the trade system and establishing a dedicated agency for external taxation[17][28] - Starting February 1, 2025, a 25% tariff will be imposed on all goods imported from Canada and Mexico, while no mention was made of tariffs on China[17][19] - In 2023, the U.S. imported $3.168 trillion worth of goods, with Mexico being the largest source at $480 billion, accounting for 15.2% of total imports[19][20]
美国通胀符合预期,12月大概率降息25bp
CHIEF SECURITIES· 2024-11-26 07:37
事件: 点评: 美国通胀符合预期,12 月大概率降息 25bp 2024 年/11 月 海外宏观经济研究员 余琦 010-66555862 yuqi@chief-investment.com 美国 2024 年 10 月 CPI 同比上涨 2.6%(市场预期上涨 2.6%,前值上涨 2.4%), 环比上涨 0.2%(市场预期上涨 0.2%,前值上涨 0.2%);核心 CPI 同比上涨 3.3% (市场预期上涨 3.3%,前值上涨 3.3%),环比上涨 0.2%(市场预期上涨 0.2%, 前值上涨 0.2%)。 1、10 月美国 CPI 同比增速结束连续 6 个月回落趋势,出现小幅反弹,但核 心 CPI 环比增速出现下降,总体符合市场预期。如我们此前判断,进入第 四季度,美国通胀开始出现反复。 2、从 CPI 的分项构成上看,商品分项和服务分项同比降速均出现收窄。其 中,商品分项同比下跌 1.1%,相比上月跌幅收窄 0.3 个百分点;服务分 项同比上涨 4.7%,与上月持平。具体来看,非耐用品同比下跌 0.5%,降 幅相比上月收窄 0.2 个百分点,自 2023 年 8 月以来首次连续 2 个月同比 增速为负; ...
美劳动力市场持续放缓,维持联储9月首次降息判断
CHIEF SECURITIES· 2024-07-10 08:00
2024 年 6 月美国新增非农就业人数为 20.6 万人(上月下调为 21.8 万人,市 场预期增加 19 万人)。失业率为 4.1%(上月 4%,市场预期 4%);劳动参与率 62.6% (上月 62.5%,市场预期 62.6%);平均时薪同比上涨 3.9%(上月上涨 4.1%,市 场预期 3.9%),环比上涨 0.3%(上月上涨 0.4%,市场预期上涨 0.3%)。 4、美国劳动力市场已经完全恢复至疫情之前水平,6 月非农就业人数总计 1.586 亿,相比 2020 年 2 月增加 632.9 万人,增幅为 4%。从分项数据来 看,只有就业人数较少的采矿业相比疫情前仍存在 7%的缺口,其他行业 1 2、非农就业数据公布之后,9 月降息预期明显升温。目前 CME 交易所预测美 联储 9 月降息的概率大幅提升至 78%,而 11 月降息的概率为 85%,12 月 降息概率高达 94%。从金融市场的表现看,美国三大股指持续走高,黄金 价格走高,而美元指数跌破 105,10 年期美债收益率快速下跌至 4.28%, 均在交易降息提前预期。近期市场对联储降息时间的判断较为摇摆,我们 继续维持联储 9 月开启首次降息 ...
无惧联储调低降息次数,美股再创历史新高
CHIEF SECURITIES· 2024-07-02 06:00
6 月美联储议息会议宣布:维持联邦基准利率 5.25%-5.5%的目标区间不 变,每月美国国债缩减规模从 600 亿美元下降至 250 亿美元,机构债和 MBS 的缩 减规模维持 350 亿美元不变。 无惧联储调低降息次数,美股再创历史新高 2024 年/6 月 点评: 3、本次会议公布了最新的经济预测点阵图: 上调 2024 年和 2025 年的通胀预期,维持 2026 年通胀预期不变。其 中,2024 年通胀预期为 2.6%(3 月预计 2.4%),2025 年通胀预期为 2.3%(3 月预计 2.2%),2026 年通胀预期维持 2%不变。 不变。其中,2024 年通胀预期为 2.8%(3 月预计 2.6%),2025 年核 心通胀预期为 2.3%(3 月预计 2.2%),2026 年核心通胀预期维持 2% 不变。 目前 CME 交易所预测美联储 7 月降息的概率维持 8%,而 9 月降息的概率 大幅提升至 63%,11 月降息的概率提升至 76%。 近期美股屡创历史新高,预计在降息真正落地前,仍将维持高位震荡。 黄金价格短期再创新高概率不大,预计将围绕 2300 美元/盎司高位震荡。 研究员声明 一般 ...
个股研究:滨海投资
CHIEF SECURITIES· 2024-05-16 06:32
Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly state an investment rating for the company [41] Core Insights - The company operates primarily in urban gas sales, pipeline installation, and natural gas transportation across 8 provinces and 2 cities in China [4] - The group achieved a total gas sales volume of over 2.2 billion cubic meters in 2023, representing a year-on-year increase of 9.4%, with pipeline gas sales growing by 12.3% [6] - The gross margin for 2023 was RMB 0.47, an increase of RMB 0.09 year-on-year, with expectations for further expansion in 2024 due to cost reductions and price adjustments [2][32] Financial Performance - The group's revenue for 2023 increased by 5% to HKD 6.41 billion, while net profit decreased by 21% to HKD 260 million, primarily due to increased financing costs [28] - The company maintained a dividend payout ratio of 40%, with an expected dividend of HKD 0.076 per share [28] - The group's operating cash flow for 2023 was HKD 830 million, significantly up from HKD 350 million in 2022 [20] Business Growth Highlights - The company aims to achieve a total gas sales target of 2.5 billion cubic meters in 2024, a 15% increase from 2023, driven by stable demand from existing customers and new large users [40][49] - The value-added services segment, which includes small installations and gas appliance sales, recorded a 44% year-on-year increase in gross profit, contributing significantly to overall profitability [34] - The group has established strategic partnerships to enhance upstream resource procurement, which is expected to lower costs and improve profitability [30][24] Market Position and Strategy - The company is well-positioned with connections to four LNG receiving stations, allowing it to access low-cost gas sources without heavy capital investment [8][24] - The major shareholders, including Tianjin TEDA Investment and Sinopec's subsidiary, are expected to support the group's long-term development and enhance its competitive edge [19][51] - The group has completed several strategic contracts to secure gas supply, which will further strengthen its market position [30][17]
美国3月通胀资料快评:能源和服务共同推高通胀,二季度降息窗口仍未关闭
CHIEF SECURITIES· 2024-04-10 16:00
海外宏观经济研究员 余琦 010-66555862 yuqi@chief-investment.com 美国 2024 年 3 月 CPI 同比上涨 3.5%(市场预期上涨 3.4%,前值上涨 3.2%), 环比上涨 0.4%(市场预期上涨 0.3%,前值上涨 0.4%);核心 CPI 同比上涨 3.8% (市场预期上涨 3.7%,前值上涨 3.8%),环比上涨 0.4%(市场预期上涨 0.3%, 前值上涨 0.4%)。 1、3 月美国 CPI 和核心 CPI 同比环比增速再度超市场预期。其中,CPI 同比 增速创近 8 个月新高;而核心 CPI 同比增速结束下行趋势,与上月持平。 3、相比上月数据,3 月美国 CPI 超市场预期上行的主要原因是:能源价格同 比增速由负转正,同时服务价格同比增速出现反弹,而食品价格开始止跌 持平,只有核心商品价格仍在持续回落。 首先,能源价格同比增速近 12 个月以来首次由负转正。 能源和服务共同推高通胀,二季度降息窗口仍未关闭 2024 年/4 月 事件: 点评: 2、从 CPI 的分项构成上看,商品分项同比上涨 0.6%,相比上月增加 0.3 个 百分点;服务分项同比上涨 ...
美国3月非农资料快评:非农数据强于预期,降息还需通胀指引
CHIEF SECURITIES· 2024-04-07 16:00
点评: 疫情前水平。 如我们此前预计,美股在连创新高之后震荡开始加剧,二季度围绕降息 预期变化,美股震荡幅度很可能会继续加大。 香港 北京 上海 深圳 海外宏观经济研究员 余琦 010-66555862 yuqi@chief-investment.com 2、3 月美国非农新增就业人数主要来源是服务业,相比上月新增 19 万人, 与上月一样,依然主要来自与宏观经济关联度不大的教育保健和政府部门, 这两项对整体新增的拉动贡献占比接近 84%!具体来看,教育保健行业增 加 8.8 万人,政府部门增加 7.1 万人;住宿餐饮行业增加 4.9 万人,零售 业增加 1.76 万人,商业服务业新增 7000 人,金融业增加 3000 人,运输 仓储业增加 1200 人。此外,建筑业延续增长态势,新增 3.9 万人,高于 上月新增 2.6 万人;制造业新增为 0,但高于上月减少 1 万人。 1、尽管 3 月非农就业新增人数、失业率和平均时薪环比数据,均指向强劲的 美国就业市场,但由于此前非农就业数据调整幅度较大,不排除后续出现 大幅下调的可能性,需要进一步观察。对美联储的货币政策而言,通胀数 据的重要性很可能大于就业数据, ...
中国宏观经济月报
CHIEF SECURITIES· 2024-03-10 16:00
中国宏观经济研究员 阎奕锦 010-66555831 yijin_yan@chiefgroup.com 2 月,CPI 同比上涨 0.7%(前值为-0.8%),环比上涨 1.0%; 主要观点: 2 月,CPI 同比上涨 0.7%(前值为-0.8%),环比上涨 1.0%。核心 CPI 同比上涨 1.2%(前值为 0.4%),环比上涨 0.5%(往年同期均值为 0.15%)。 非食品价格同比上涨 1.1%(前值为 0.4%),环比上涨 0.5%(往年同期均值为 0.2%),涨幅大于往 年同期平均水平。涨幅较高的原因主要为春节期间出行和文娱消费需求显著增加,飞机票、交通工具 租赁费、旅游、电影及演出票价均录得两位数增速的涨幅,带动教育文化娱乐、交通通信价格环比涨 幅较大。 1 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 % PPI:当月同比 原材料、燃料和动力购进价格指数(PPIRM):当月同比 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 % PPI:当月同比 PPI:生产资料:当月同比 PPI:生活资料:当月同比 资料来源:国家统计局、Wind、致富研究院 资料来源:国家统计局、Wind、致富研究院 综合 ...
失业率意外上升,联储降息预期升温
CHIEF SECURITIES· 2024-03-10 16:00
点评: 海外宏观经济研究员 余琦 010-66555862 yuqi@chief-investment.com 事件: 失业率意外上升,联储降息预期升温 2024 年/3 月 2024 年 2 月美国新增非农就业人数为 27.5 万人(上月新增 22.9 万人,市场 预期增加 20 万人)。失业率为 3.9%(上月 3.8%,市场预期 3.8%);劳动参与率 62.5%(上月 62.5%,市场预期 62.6%);平均时薪同比上涨 4.3%(上月上涨 4.5%, 市场预期 4.4%),环比上涨 0.1%(上月上涨 0.6%,市场预期上涨 0.3%)。 2、鲍威尔上周在国会听证会上的发言偏鸽,表示如果通货膨胀回落趋势确定, 美联储将在今年启动降息,同时联储非常清楚降息太晚的风险。目前 CME 交易所预测美联储 3 月不降息的概率高达 96%,5 月不降息的概率为 76%, 而 6 月开始降息的概率则高达 72.8%。 3、对未来大类资产价格走势,我们的判断是: 美元指数近期持续回调,预计中期将维持 100-105 的震荡区间。 如我们此前提示,黄金价格近期已经突破历史新高,预计中期维持 2000 美元/盎司以上高 ...