CHONGQING SHUNBO ALUMINUM CO.(002996)
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顺博合金:关于举行2022年度网上业绩说明会的公告
2023-04-11 07:48
关于举行 2022 年度网上业绩说明会的公告 | 证券代码:002996 | 证券简称:顺博合金 | 公告编号:2023-040 | | --- | --- | --- | | 债券代码:127068 | 债券简称:顺博转债 | | 重庆顺博铝合金股份有限公司 本公司及董事会全体成员保证信息披露的内容真实、准确、完整,没有虚假记 载、误导性陈述或重大遗漏。 重庆顺博铝合金股份有限公司(以下简称"公司")定于 2023 年 4 月 14 日(星期五)15:00-17:00 在全景网举办 2022 年度业绩说明会, 本次年度业绩说明会将采用网络远程的方式举行,投资者可登陆全景网 "投资者关系互动平台"(http://ir.p5w.net)参与本次说明会。 出席本次说明会的人员有:公司董事长王真见先生、独立董事黄新 建先生、财务总监吕路涛先生、保荐代表人罗大伟先生、保荐代表人郭 刚先生。 为充分尊重投资者、提升交流的针对性,现就公司 2022 年度业绩说 明会提前向投资者公开征集问题,广泛听取投资者的意见和建议。投资 者可于2023年4月13日(星期四)15:00前访问https://ir.p5w.net/zj/, ...
顺博合金(002996) - 2022 Q4 - 年度财报
2023-03-30 16:00
Financial Performance - The company's operating revenue for 2022 was ¥11,066,308,238.84, representing a 10.83% increase compared to ¥9,984,756,148.91 in 2021[23]. - Net profit attributable to shareholders decreased by 41.62% to ¥199,758,682.65 from ¥342,190,857.78 in the previous year[23]. - The net profit after deducting non-recurring gains and losses was ¥73,877,745.78, down 69.56% from ¥242,704,724.91 in 2021[23]. - The net cash flow from operating activities improved by 135.55%, reaching ¥344,392,020.15 compared to a negative cash flow of ¥968,666,577.98 in 2021[23]. - Total assets increased by 17.65% to ¥5,899,033,346.86 at the end of 2022, up from ¥5,014,119,280.35 at the end of 2021[23]. - The company's basic earnings per share decreased by 41.03% to ¥0.46 from ¥0.78 in 2021[23]. - The weighted average return on equity fell to 8.69%, down 8.20% from 16.89% in the previous year[23]. - The total operating revenue for 2022 was CNY 11,066,308,238, representing a year-on-year increase of 10.83% from CNY 9,984,756,148 in 2021[50]. - The revenue from recycled resources accounted for 98.21% of total revenue, amounting to CNY 10,868,559,268, which is an increase of 11.25% compared to CNY 9,769,903,713.7 in the previous year[50]. - The company reported a total distributable profit of RMB 1,193,935,814.40 for the year[138]. Dividend and Profit Distribution - The company reported a cash dividend of 0.5 RMB per 10 shares (including tax) to all shareholders, with no bonus shares issued[3]. - The board of directors has approved a profit distribution plan based on the total share capital as of the dividend record date[3]. - The company distributed cash dividends of RMB 0.50 per 10 shares (including tax), totaling RMB 21,950,000, which represents 100% of the total profit distribution[138]. - The board of directors has approved a dividend payout of 0.2 CNY per share, reflecting a commitment to returning value to shareholders while supporting growth initiatives[119]. Market Expansion and Strategy - The company is focused on expanding its market presence and enhancing its product offerings in the aluminum alloy sector[17]. - The company continues to explore potential mergers and acquisitions to enhance its market position and expand its capabilities[17]. - The company aims to expand its market share in South China and East China while enhancing its overall profitability and industry influence[97]. - Future strategies include entering the recycled wrought aluminum market and exploring hazardous waste disposal technologies[98]. - The company plans to expand its market presence in Southeast Asia, targeting a 20% market share by 2025[112]. - The company is expanding its market presence, with plans to enter two new provinces in China by mid-2023, aiming for a market share increase of 10% in those regions[119]. Research and Development - The company plans to enhance product quality and competitiveness through ongoing research and development of new aluminum alloy materials[60]. - R&D investment reached approximately CNY 616.85 million in 2022, up 51.05% from CNY 408.38 million in 2021[63]. - The company increased its R&D personnel to 260 in 2022, a 24.40% increase from 209 in 2021[63]. - Research and development efforts include a project for high-plasticity die-casting aluminum alloys, with a patent application filed in December 2022[60]. - The company is developing a high-efficiency aluminum melting furnace with low emissions and high production efficiency, currently in the experimental verification stage[62]. - The company is investing 50 million CNY in R&D for new technologies aimed at improving recycling efficiency, expected to yield a 20% reduction in waste by 2024[119]. Environmental Responsibility - The company is committed to environmental responsibility and sustainable practices in its operations[17]. - The company’s recycling of aluminum contributes to significant energy savings, with each ton of recycled aluminum saving 3.4 tons of standard coal and reducing carbon emissions to 0.23 tons per ton produced[41]. - The company is classified as a key pollutant discharge unit, adhering to environmental regulations and standards[149]. - The company is actively involved in the recycling industry, which is supported by national policies promoting circular economy practices[150]. - The company aims to achieve an annual production capacity of over 300,000 tons for recycled copper and aluminum, reducing mineral resource consumption[152]. - The company is committed to reducing carbon emissions and improving the green manufacturing system as part of its long-term strategy[153]. Risk Management - The company is actively managing risks associated with market fluctuations and operational challenges, as outlined in the management discussion section[3]. - The company has established comprehensive risk control measures for its hedging activities, including setting reasonable stop-loss lines[78]. - The company has implemented a robust internal control system to mitigate operational risks associated with futures hedging[78]. - The company has established a comprehensive internal control system to manage the risks associated with accounts receivable, which may increase with revenue growth[100]. Corporate Governance - The company has maintained a stable governance structure in compliance with relevant laws and regulations, ensuring the protection of investor interests[107]. - The company operates independently from its controlling shareholders, maintaining autonomy in business operations and financial management[108]. - The company has established long-term stable partnerships with customers and suppliers, ensuring their rights and interests are maintained[165]. - The company strictly adheres to labor laws and regulations, ensuring employee rights and benefits are protected, including timely salary payments and social insurance contributions[165]. Employee Management - The total number of employees at the end of the reporting period was 1,694, with 527 in the parent company and 1,167 in major subsidiaries[133]. - The employee composition includes 854 production staff, 47 sales personnel, 260 technical staff, 45 financial staff, and 488 administrative staff[133]. - The company has established a salary system that emphasizes internal fairness and external competitiveness, aligning compensation with market trends[134]. - The company has a structured training plan based on strategic development needs and employee qualifications[135]. Financial Integrity - The company has not reported any major deficiencies in internal controls, reflecting a strong governance framework[147]. - The company has not engaged in any external guarantees that violate regulations, maintaining a sound financial position[192]. - There were no instances of non-operating fund occupation by major shareholders or related parties during the reporting period, indicating financial integrity[191]. - The company has committed to timely and adequate disclosure of any failures to fulfill commitments to shareholders and the public[179].
顺博合金(002996) - 关于参加重庆辖区2022年投资者网上集体接待日活动的公告
2022-12-20 00:04
Group 1: Event Details - Chongqing Shunbo Aluminum Alloy Co., Ltd. will participate in the "Chongqing District 2022 Investor Online Collective Reception Day" on December 23, 2022, from 15:00 to 17:00 [1] - The event is organized by the Chongqing Listed Companies Association in collaboration with Shenzhen Panorama Network Co., Ltd. [1] Group 2: Participation and Interaction - Investors can join the event through the "Panorama Roadshow" platform [1] - Company executives will engage in online communication with investors in a "one-to-many" format to address their concerns [1] Group 3: Commitment to Transparency - The company and its board guarantee that the information disclosed is true, accurate, and complete, with no false records or misleading statements [1]
顺博合金(002996) - 2021年6月24日投资者关系活动记录表
2022-11-22 02:56
证券代码:002996 证券简称:顺博合金 重庆顺博铝合金股份有限公司投资者关系活动记录表 编号:2021-002 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |-----------------------------|---------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|-------|-------|-------|-------| | | | | | | | | | 投资者关系活动 | √特定对象调研 □分析师会议 | | | | | | | 类别 | □媒体采访 □业绩说明会 | | | | | | | | □新闻发布会 | □路演活动 | | | | | | | √现场参观 | | | | | | | | □其他 | (请文字说明其他活动内容) | | | | | | 参与单位名称及 | | 国信证券经济研究所刘孟峦、国信证券经济研究所焦方冉、东 | | | | | | 人员姓名 | 方资管胡晓 | | | | | | | | (以上排名不 ...
顺博合金(002996) - 2022 Q3 - 季度财报
2022-10-27 16:00
重要内容提示: 1.董事会、监事会及董事、监事、高级管理人员保证季度报告的真实、准确、完整,不存在虚假记载、误导性陈述或重 大遗漏,并承担个别和连带的法律责任。 2.公司负责人、主管会计工作负责人及会计机构负责人(会计主管人员)声明:保证季度报告中财务信息的真实、准确、 完整。 重庆顺博铝合金股份有限公司 2022 年第三季度报告 | | | 重庆顺博铝合金股份有限公司 2022 年第三季度报告 本公司及董事会全体成员保证信息披露的内容真实、准确、完整,没有虚假记载、误导性陈述或重大遗漏。 3.第三季度报告是否经过审计 □是 否 一、主要财务数据 (一) 主要会计数据和财务指标 公司是否需追溯调整或重述以前年度会计数据 □是 否 | | 本报告期 | 本报告期比上年同期 | 年初至报告期末 | 年初至报告期末比上 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | 增减 | | 年同期增减 | | 营业收入(元) | 2,639,031,519.00 | 7.12% | 8,248,744,528.03 | 23.76% | | 归属于上市公司股东 | 29,839,045.51 ...
顺博合金(002996) - 2022 Q2 - 季度财报
2022-08-29 16:00
Financial Performance - The company's operating revenue for the first half of 2022 was approximately CNY 5.61 billion, representing a 33.51% increase compared to CNY 4.20 billion in the same period last year[20]. - The net profit attributable to shareholders of the listed company reached approximately CNY 212.11 million, up 36.37% from CNY 155.54 million year-on-year[20]. - The net cash flow from operating activities improved significantly to approximately CNY 262.58 million, a 213.15% increase from a negative cash flow of CNY 232.07 million in the previous year[20]. - Basic and diluted earnings per share increased to CNY 0.48, reflecting a growth of 37.14% compared to CNY 0.35 in the same period last year[20]. - Total assets at the end of the reporting period were approximately CNY 6.42 billion, marking a 28.01% increase from CNY 5.01 billion at the end of the previous year[20]. - The net assets attributable to shareholders of the listed company were approximately CNY 2.36 billion, an increase of 7.68% from CNY 2.19 billion at the end of the previous year[20]. - The company reported a net profit excluding non-recurring gains and losses of approximately CNY 149.49 million, an increase of 8.42% from CNY 137.88 million in the same period last year[20]. - The company reported a significant increase in other business income, which rose by 715.74% to ¥293,095,269.99, compared to ¥35,930,129.38 in the previous year[46]. - The company reported a total revenue of 6.407 million for the first half of 2022, reflecting a 23.79% increase compared to the previous period[76]. - The company reported a total revenue of 1,800 million yuan, indicating a growth of 7.5% year-on-year[176]. Operational Efficiency - The company achieved sales of 291,500 tons of casting aluminum alloy raw materials and 12,900 tons of deformation aluminum alloy raw materials in the first half of 2022, completing 42.28% of the annual target despite seasonal and pandemic impacts[34]. - The company has diversified its production base across multiple regions, including Chongqing, Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Hubei, enhancing its market reach and operational efficiency[39]. - The company maintains a high operational turnover efficiency, achieving a high return on net assets despite the overall low gross profit margins in the recycled aluminum industry[39]. - The company is actively expanding its production capacity, with the Anhui production base expected to commence trial operations around October 2022[39]. - The company has implemented new strategies to enhance operational efficiency and reduce costs by 2.4% compared to the previous period[176]. Investment and Expansion Plans - The company invested approximately 30 million yuan in fixed assets to resolve production capacity bottlenecks at its subsidiary, Chongqing Aobo, enhancing future capacity[29]. - The company plans to accelerate the construction of a 400,000-ton production base in Anhui, with 100,000 tons of capacity expected to be operational in Q4 2022[30]. - The company is actively exploring trade in aluminum liquid and scrap steel to improve the efficiency of idle capital utilization[31]. - The company plans to expand its market presence by enhancing its production capacity in Jiangsu, aiming to increase output by 20% in the next fiscal year[77]. - The company is considering strategic acquisitions to enhance its product portfolio, with a budget of 500 million yuan for potential deals[199]. Environmental Initiatives - The company’s recycled aluminum production saves 3.4 tons of standard coal and reduces carbon emissions to approximately 0.23 tons per ton of recycled aluminum produced, highlighting its energy-saving benefits[32]. - The company’s environmental initiatives include projects for the harmless utilization of aluminum ash waste, with approvals obtained for several projects in Chongqing and Hubei[30]. - The company is committed to sustainability and environmental protection, continuously improving its processes to minimize industrial waste and emissions[78]. - The company has implemented environmental protection facilities to ensure compliance with emission standards, particularly focusing on smelting waste gas and aluminum recycling processes[80]. - The company has received multiple pollution discharge permits valid until 2026, ensuring adherence to regulatory requirements across various regions[81]. Shareholder and Governance - The company plans not to distribute cash dividends or issue bonus shares for this reporting period[4]. - The company emphasizes the protection of shareholder rights and has established a robust governance structure to safeguard investor interests[84]. - The company has a commitment to disclose any failure to fulfill promises to shareholders and the public in a timely manner[91]. - The controlling shareholders are required to stop receiving cash dividends or compensation until they fulfill their commitments[91]. - The company has not reported any significant mergers or acquisitions during the first half of 2022, focusing instead on organic growth strategies[181]. Future Outlook - The company has set a future outlook with a target to maintain emissions of nitrogen oxides at 11.038 mg/Nm3, which is 33.12% lower than the regulatory limit[77]. - Future guidance includes a projected revenue growth of 10% for the second half of 2022, driven by increased demand for aluminum products in construction and automotive sectors[77]. - The company has set ambitious targets for emission reductions, aiming to comply with the GB 31574-2033 standards for air pollutants[79]. - The company has provided a positive outlook for the second half of 2022, projecting a revenue growth of 25% based on current market trends and demand[199]. - The company plans to continue expanding its market presence and investing in new product development to drive future growth[177].
顺博合金(002996) - 2022 Q1 - 季度财报
2022-04-27 16:00
Financial Performance - The company's revenue for Q1 2022 was CNY 2,802,361,468.49, representing a 68.48% increase compared to CNY 1,663,273,952.42 in the same period last year[3] - Net profit attributable to shareholders for Q1 2022 was CNY 126,615,820.59, up 61.29% from CNY 78,501,510.06 year-on-year[3] - The net profit attributable to shareholders after deducting non-recurring gains and losses increased by 30.96%, reaching CNY 97,108,951.55[3] - Basic and diluted earnings per share rose to CNY 0.29, reflecting a 61.11% increase compared to CNY 0.18 in the same period last year[3] - Operating profit for the quarter was CNY 159,566,278.89, up 52.1% from CNY 104,943,647.59 in Q1 2021[18] - Net profit attributable to shareholders of the parent company was CNY 126,615,820.59, representing a 61.5% increase from CNY 78,501,510.06 in the previous year[19] Cash Flow and Assets - The net cash flow from operating activities improved significantly, with a net amount of CNY 64,646,340.66, a 125.17% increase from a negative CNY 256,816,760.32 in the previous year[3] - The company reported a net cash flow from operating activities of CNY 64,646,340.66, a turnaround from a negative cash flow of CNY -256,816,760.32 in Q1 2021[21] - Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period totaled CNY 326,403,113.68, an increase from CNY 284,865,257.40 at the end of Q1 2021[22] - The company's total current assets increased to approximately 4.59 billion yuan from 4.07 billion yuan at the beginning of the year, reflecting a growth of about 12.7%[16] - The company's cash and cash equivalents increased to approximately 493.69 million yuan from 410.08 million yuan, representing a growth of about 20.3%[15] Liabilities and Equity - Total assets at the end of the reporting period were CNY 5,526,128,946.87, a 10.21% increase from CNY 5,014,119,280.35 at the end of the previous year[3] - Shareholders' equity attributable to the parent company increased by 5.22% to CNY 2,303,614,275.67 from CNY 2,189,403,755.93[3] - The company's total liabilities rose to approximately 3.07 billion yuan from 2.68 billion yuan at the beginning of the year, indicating an increase of about 14.6%[17] Operational Highlights - The company reported a slight increase in sales volume and higher sales prices, which enhanced profitability during the quarter[7] - The consolidation of Chongqing Aobo Aluminum Manufacturing Co., which contributed CNY 179 million in revenue, positively impacted the overall financial performance[7] Projects and Investments - The company has initiated the "Ma'anshan Shunbo Alloy Industrial Base Project" in Ma'anshan, Anhui Province, which is recognized as a key project for 2022 by the Anhui provincial government[12] - The company plans to issue convertible bonds up to a maximum of 850 million yuan to fund the Ma'anshan project and supplement working capital, with the application already accepted by the China Securities Regulatory Commission[12] Financial Expenses and Costs - The company's total operating costs for the quarter were CNY 2,716,187,379.69, up 72.6% from CNY 1,571,478,993.92 in the same period last year[18] - The gross profit margin for Q1 2022 was approximately 3.1%, compared to 3.5% in Q1 2021, indicating a slight decrease in profitability[18] - The company’s financial expenses increased to CNY 22,252,150.66, up from CNY 7,245,220.16 in the previous year, reflecting higher borrowing costs[18] Inventory and Fixed Assets - The company’s inventory increased to approximately 992.31 million yuan from 835.32 million yuan, showing an increase of about 18.8%[16] - The company’s fixed assets decreased slightly to approximately 643.78 million yuan from 651.39 million yuan, a decline of about 1.2%[16] Investment Activities - The total cash inflow from investment activities was CNY 103,532,254.28, down from CNY 485,514,168.61 in the same period last year, indicating a decrease in investment returns[22]
顺博合金(002996) - 2021 Q4 - 年度财报
2022-03-14 16:00
Financial Performance - The company's operating revenue for 2021 reached ¥9,984,756,148.91, representing a 105.07% increase compared to ¥4,868,892,433.15 in 2020[19] - The net profit attributable to shareholders was ¥342,190,857.78, a 74.74% increase from ¥195,829,887.16 in the previous year[19] - The net profit after deducting non-recurring gains and losses was ¥242,704,724.91, up 32.90% from ¥182,619,863.78 in 2020[19] - The basic earnings per share increased to ¥0.78, a 59.18% rise from ¥0.49 in 2020[19] - The total assets at the end of 2021 were ¥5,014,119,280.35, reflecting a 65.21% increase from ¥3,035,083,971.90 at the end of 2020[19] - The company's total operating revenue for Q4 2021 reached CNY 3,319,448,636.89, marking a significant increase compared to previous quarters[23] - The net profit attributable to shareholders for Q4 2021 was CNY 113,800,858.47, showing a positive trend in profitability[23] - The company reported a total of CNY 99,486,132.87 in non-recurring gains for 2021, a substantial increase from CNY 13,210,023.38 in 2020[25] - The total revenue for the year 2021 was approximately CNY 10.36 billion, representing a year-on-year increase of 5.12%[46] - The revenue from the East China region was CNY 4.43 billion, accounting for 44.39% of total revenue, with a year-on-year growth of 166.06%[46] - Direct sales contributed CNY 9.40 billion, which is 94.14% of total revenue, showing a growth of 106.56% year-on-year[46] Cash Flow and Investments - The net cash flow from operating activities was negative at -¥968,666,577.98, worsening by 367.61% compared to -¥207,152,134.93 in the previous year[19] - The company has reported negative cash flow from operating activities in Q1 and Q3 2021, with a net cash flow of -CNY 256,816,760.32 and -CNY 42,307,397.37 respectively[23] - The cash flow from operating activities decreased by 367.61% to -¥968,666,577.98 in 2021, primarily due to increased sales volume and cash outflow exceeding cash inflow[58] - Investment activities generated a net cash flow of -¥334,879,502.86, a decrease of 256.41% compared to the previous year, mainly due to the acquisition of Chongqing Aobo equity[59] - The company raised a total of RMB 445.73 million by issuing 53 million shares at a price of RMB 8.41 per share, with a net amount of RMB 413.08 million after deducting issuance costs[74] - The company completed significant equity investments, including CNY 46,563,700 in Jiangsu Shunbo and CNY 177,395,288.7 in Aobo Aluminum[70] Operational Strategy and Market Position - The company has actively engaged in mergers and acquisitions, acquiring 100% of Chongqing Aobo Aluminum Materials Manufacturing Co., which positions it to enter the deformed aluminum alloy application market[33] - The company is focusing on expanding its recycling channels and has established partnerships with domestic waste aluminum recycling channels to ensure stable raw material supply[33] - The company is exploring new business growth opportunities through the harmless comprehensive utilization of hazardous waste aluminum ash, which is expected to open new avenues for development[34] - The company’s main products are various grades of recycled aluminum alloy ingots, primarily supplied to die-casting enterprises in regions such as Southwest, South China, East China, and Central China[32] - The company has established a diversified production base across regions including Chongqing, Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Hubei, enhancing its market reach and reducing operational risks[39] - The company emphasizes a "sales-driven production" model, ensuring high asset turnover and effective supply chain management to support profitability[35] - The company has a strong competitive advantage in the domestic market, with minimal reliance on imported aluminum scrap, benefiting from the increasing domestic supply of recycled aluminum[40] Research and Development - R&D investment increased by 77.94% to ¥408,382,246.58 in 2021 from ¥229,510,650.58 in 2020, accounting for 4.09% of operating revenue[57] - The number of R&D personnel increased by 27.44% to 209 in 2021 from 164 in 2020, with a slight decrease in the proportion of R&D personnel to total staff[57] - The company is developing high thermal conductivity aluminum ingots to meet the demands of the communication and electronics industries, currently in the small trial stage[54] - The company is focusing on the development of wear-resistant aluminum ingots, which are expected to improve wear resistance and durability for automotive applications[56] - The company is investing 100 million CNY in R&D for innovative technologies aimed at improving product quality and reducing costs[159] Environmental and Social Responsibility - The company is committed to sustainable development and has aligned its operations with national policies promoting the recycling of resources and the reduction of carbon emissions[30] - The company has maintained a low carbon emission rate of approximately 0.23 tons per ton of recycled aluminum, significantly lower than the 2.1% carbon emissions from electrolytic aluminum production[35] - The company emphasizes environmental protection and safety in production, with ongoing improvements to compliance and training programs[92] - The company has implemented measures to reduce carbon emissions, although specific measures and effects were not applicable during the reporting period[144] - The company has engaged in various social responsibility activities, including donations and support for rural revitalization and poverty alleviation efforts[146] Corporate Governance - The company has established a comprehensive governance structure, including various internal control systems and management regulations[96] - The company’s board of directors and supervisory board operate in compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, safeguarding investor interests[96] - The company has implemented a series of management systems to enhance corporate governance and operational transparency[96] - The company has a diverse board with independent directors and various industry experiences[110] - The company has a commitment to improving corporate governance and protecting shareholder rights[144] Shareholder Relations - The company distributed a cash dividend of RMB 1.00 per 10 shares, totaling RMB 43,900,000.00 (including tax) based on a total share capital of 439,000,000 shares[125] - The cash dividend accounted for 100% of the total profit distribution amount, with a distributable profit of RMB 539,839,882.93[126] - The company has committed to maintaining a stable stock price through share repurchase under specific conditions, including not exceeding 50% of the previous year's net profit[149] - The controlling shareholders will stop receiving cash dividends, salaries, or allowances until they fulfill their commitments[152] Risks and Challenges - The company faces risks related to changes in industry policies, particularly regarding hazardous waste management and resource utilization tax policies[88] - Management risks associated with scale expansion are acknowledged, with a focus on enhancing management capabilities to meet increased operational demands[89] - Tax incentives related to the Western Development Strategy and high-tech enterprises are crucial for the company's profitability, and any changes could impact earnings[90] Employee and Talent Management - Talent acquisition and training are critical for supporting the company's expansion plans, particularly for technical and management roles[92] - The total number of employees at the end of the reporting period was 1,453, with 492 in the parent company and 961 in major subsidiaries[122] - The company has a commitment to maintaining internal equity and external competitiveness in its compensation system, focusing on market trends[123]