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安科生物(300009) - 安科生物调研活动信息
2022-11-23 06:56
Group 1: Company Performance in 2020 - The overall business performance in 2020 was significantly impacted by the pandemic, particularly in Q1, with a notable recovery starting in Q2 as sales of growth hormone began to rise [2][3] - Interferon sales were initially affected but recovered as domestic pandemic conditions improved, leading to a stable overall performance by the end of the year [3] - Subsidiaries experienced varying degrees of impact, with some achieving revenue stability by Q3, while others, like the Chinese medicine subsidiary, faced significant challenges in Q1 [3] Group 2: Future Strategic Direction - The company has begun to adjust its strategic direction since 2020, focusing on core business areas and optimizing resource allocation towards gene-engineered drugs [3][4] - Plans include upgrading existing products, reducing investment in non-core projects, and emphasizing high-quality oncology drugs [3] - The company aims to enhance subsidiary management and employee motivation to create value for shareholders [3] Group 3: Growth Hormone Insights - Growth hormone is recognized for its safety and efficacy, having been used globally for nearly 40 years, with a strong clinical validation [4][5] - The market for growth hormone is expected to grow significantly, with ongoing increases in patient numbers despite pandemic challenges [4] - The company is actively expanding its market share in the powdered injection segment while also developing long-acting growth hormone formulations [4][5] Group 4: Market Barriers and Competition - Brand recognition is a significant barrier in the growth hormone market, with the company’s product gaining trust and reputation among patients [5] - The company is addressing the declining birth rates by promoting awareness and education about growth hormone among healthcare providers and parents [5] - The gross margin for interferon and growth hormone is approximately 90%, with interferon having a slightly lower margin [5] Group 5: R&D Progress - The company is advancing its research on various monoclonal antibodies and long-acting growth hormone, with several products in different stages of clinical trials [5] - New production capacity for 20 million units has been submitted for approval, which will enhance market promotion efforts once approved [4][5]
安科生物(300009) - 安科生物调研活动信息
2022-11-22 03:06
Group 1: Production and Sales Progress - The annual production capacity of the recombinant human growth hormone production line is 20 million units, with the expansion project completed last year and currently undergoing verification with the National Medical Products Administration [2] - The sales volume of recombinant human growth hormone injection exceeded the total sales of the previous year in Q1 2021, indicating a positive market outlook [3] - The company is planning to build new production lines for recombinant human growth hormone to meet market demand [2] Group 2: Regulatory and Approval Status - The application for new specifications of recombinant human growth hormone injection is currently in the sample inspection phase, with expected approval around mid-year [3] - The HER-2 monoclonal antibody clinical trial is being conducted according to the national biosimilar standards, aiming for production approval as the second HER-2 biosimilar in China [4] Group 3: Strategic Development and Marketing - The company has adjusted its strategic direction since 2020, focusing on gene-engineered drugs and enhancing brand influence to increase market share [3] - The marketing strategy will combine online and offline promotion, with an expected increase in sales expenses compared to 2020 due to more offline activities [4] Group 4: Research and Development Initiatives - The company is actively involved in the development of CAR-T cell therapy, with ongoing clinical research and preparations for regulatory submissions in both China and the U.S. [4] - The company is also preparing to launch a new injection device for growth hormone that alleviates injection fears and enhances user convenience [5]
安科生物(300009) - 安科生物调研活动信息
2022-11-22 02:58
证券代码:300009 证券简称:安科生物 编号:2021-005 | --- | --- | --- | |-------------------------|-----------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ...
安科生物(300009) - 安科生物调研活动信息
2022-11-21 16:16
证券代码:300009 证券简称:安科生物 安徽安科生物工程(集团)股份有限公司 投资者关系活动记录表 编号:2021-006 | --- | --- | --- | |-----------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | | | | | 投资者关系活动 | √特定对象调研 □分析师会议 | | | 类别 | □媒体采访 □业绩说明会 | | | | □新闻发布会 | □路演活动 | | | □现场参观 | | | | □其他 | (请文字说明其他活动内容) | | 参与单位名称及 | 国金证券 赵 ** ;月湖资本史 | ** ;海羽投资 蔡 ** ;均怡地产 | | 人员姓名 | 易**;大湾汇 徐**;大湾汇 ** ;大湾汇 高**;大湾汇 | 崔*;大湾汇 王*;大湾汇朱 李* | | 时间 | 2021 年 7 月 14 日 10: ...
安科生物(300009) - 安科生物调研活动信息
2022-10-27 10:28
证券代码:300009 证券简称:安科生物 安徽安科生物工程(集团)股份有限公司 投资者关系活动记录表 编号:2022-009 | --- | --- | --- | |-------------------------|-----------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ...
安科生物(300009) - 2022 Q3 - 季度财报
2022-10-25 16:00
Financial Performance - The company's revenue for Q3 2022 reached ¥625,956,544.57, an increase of 8.27% compared to the same period last year[2] - Net profit attributable to shareholders was ¥249,847,600.64, representing a growth of 34.78% year-on-year[2] - The net profit excluding non-recurring gains and losses was ¥242,327,512.42, up by 34.33% compared to the previous year[2] - The company achieved a revenue of RMB 1,130.59 million for the first nine months, representing an 18.80% increase year-over-year[11] - Operating profit for the same period was RMB 716.23 million, up 52.84% compared to the previous year[11] - Net profit reached RMB 620.26 million, reflecting a 55.48% growth year-over-year[11] - Total operating revenue for the third quarter reached CNY 1,706,679,675.63, an increase from CNY 1,547,398,225.09 in the same period last year, representing a growth of approximately 10.3%[20] - The net profit for the third quarter reached CNY 605 million, compared to CNY 431 million in the previous year, marking an increase of approximately 40.2%[21] - The basic and diluted earnings per share were both CNY 0.36, up from CNY 0.26 in the same quarter last year, reflecting a growth of 38.5%[22] Assets and Liabilities - Total assets at the end of the reporting period amounted to ¥3,857,085,448.77, reflecting a 5.12% increase from the end of the previous year[2] - As of September 30, 2022, the total current assets amounted to CNY 1,842,564,182.61, a decrease of 4.1% from CNY 1,921,622,830.59 at the beginning of the year[17] - Non-current assets totaled CNY 2,014,521,266.16, up from CNY 1,747,463,145.48, marking an increase of about 15.3%[19] - The company's total liabilities decreased to CNY 637,284,242.05 from CNY 765,521,209.36, a reduction of about 16.7%[19] - The total equity attributable to shareholders increased to CNY 3,044,930,352.46 from CNY 2,786,596,726.38, representing a growth of approximately 9.3%[19] Cash Flow - Cash flow from operating activities for the year-to-date was ¥441,638,832.27, showing a 9.97% increase compared to the same period last year[2] - The net cash flow from operating activities was CNY 441.64 million, an increase from CNY 401.59 million year-over-year, representing a growth of about 9.9%[24] - The company reported a net cash outflow from investing activities of approximately CNY 191.14 million, compared to a net outflow of CNY 167.24 million in the previous year[24] - Cash and cash equivalents decreased to CNY 247,421,616.05 from CNY 322,563,322.59, reflecting a decline of 23.3%[17] - The company’s cash and cash equivalents at the end of the quarter were CNY 247.04 million, up from CNY 122.99 million at the end of the same quarter last year[24] Investments and Development - Long-term equity investments increased by 48.15% to ¥185,099,352.61, attributed to investments in joint ventures[5] - The company plans to expand its production capacity with significant investments in new facilities for antibody and protein drug production[5] - The company is focusing on enhancing its product offerings and market expansion as part of its growth strategy[16] - Future outlook includes continued investment in R&D and potential market expansion strategies, although specific targets were not detailed in the report[20] Shareholder Information - The number of ordinary shareholders at the end of the reporting period was 78,499[8] - Major shareholder Song Lihua holds 26.52% of the shares, with a total of 434,578,710 shares[8] - The company has a total of 466,567,577 restricted shares, with no new restricted shares added during the reporting period[10] - The company plans to use repurchased shares for equity incentives or employee stock ownership plans[11] - The company will implement the third phase of the restricted stock incentive plan, granting 40 million restricted shares, accounting for approximately 2.4413% of the total share capital at the time of the plan announcement[13] Research and Development - Research and development expenses were CNY 107,940,546.47, compared to CNY 100,716,322.52 in the previous year, reflecting an increase of approximately 7.3%[20] - The company is in the process of implementing a third phase of the restricted stock incentive plan, which was discussed in the board meetings held in September 2022[16] - The company has received independent financial advisory reports regarding the third phase of the restricted stock incentive plan, indicating ongoing strategic initiatives[16] Corporate Governance - The company aims to enhance its corporate governance structure and long-term incentive mechanisms to motivate its core team[13] - The company has disclosed multiple announcements regarding the repurchase of shares, with the first repurchase occurring on March 9, 2022[14] - The company has consistently reported progress on share repurchases throughout 2022, with updates provided in March, April, May, June, July, August, and the final results announced on August 8, 2022[14]
安科生物(300009) - 关于参加安徽辖区上市公司2022年投资者网上集体接待日活动的公告
2022-09-02 09:14
证券代码:300009 证券简称:安科生物 公告编号:2022-070 安徽安科生物工程(集团)股份有限公司 关于参加安徽辖区上市公司 2022 年投资者 网上集体接待日活动的公告 本公司及董事会全体成员保证公告内容真实、准确和完整,没有虚假记载、 误导性陈述或者重大遗漏。 为进一步加强与投资者的互动交流,安徽安科生物工程(集团)股份有限公 司(以下简称"公司")将参加由安徽证监局指导、安徽上市公司协会与深圳市 全景网络有限公司联合举办的"2022 年安徽辖区上市公司投资者集体接待日活 动",现将相关事项公告如下: 本次活动将采用网络远程的方式举行,投资者可登录"全景路演"网站 (http://rs.p5w.net),或关注微信公众号:全景财经,或下载全景路演 APP,参与 本次互动交流,活动时间为 2022 年 9 月 7 日(周三) 16:00-17:30。届时公司高 管将在线就公司 2022 半年度报告中的公司业绩、公司治理、发展战略、经营状 况、股权激励和可持续发展等投资者关心的问题,与投资者进行沟通与交流,欢 迎广大投资者踊跃参与! 特此公告。 安徽安科生物工程(集团)股份有限公司 董事会 2022 ...
安科生物(300009) - 2022 Q2 - 季度财报
2022-08-24 16:00
Financial Performance - The company's operating revenue for the first half of 2022 was ¥1,080,723,131.06, representing an increase of 11.50% compared to the same period last year[12]. - Net profit attributable to shareholders was ¥344,443,744.02, reflecting a growth of 41.16% year-on-year[12]. - The net profit after deducting non-recurring gains and losses was ¥321,841,596.58, up 41.18% from the previous year[12]. - The net cash flow from operating activities increased by 22.49% to ¥236,208,928.14[12]. - Basic and diluted earnings per share rose to ¥0.21, a 40.00% increase compared to the same period last year[12]. - The company's total assets at the end of the reporting period were ¥3,680,283,578.76, a slight increase of 0.31% from the end of the previous year[12]. - The net assets attributable to shareholders increased by 2.45% to ¥2,854,907,538.91[12]. - The company achieved total revenue of 1,080.72 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12%[30]. - The total profit reached 414.27 million yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 43.73%[31]. - The company reported a total of 1,000 million in structured deposits with an average interest rate of 2.87% for the period from February 11, 2022, to February 28, 2022[66]. Research and Development - The company is actively developing innovative drugs, with multiple products in the pipeline, including a monoclonal antibody for HER2-positive breast cancer[20]. - The company focuses on innovation in new products and accelerates the R&D efficiency of innovative drugs, aiming to enhance its position in various industries[22]. - The R&D strategy focuses on "producing one generation, developing one generation, pre-researching one generation, and reserving one generation," enhancing independent R&D capabilities while collaborating with top domestic research institutions[27]. - The company is advancing the clinical trials for its interferon α2b spray, currently in Phase II trials[35]. - The company is actively pursuing the development of innovative drugs, including a new HER2 monoclonal antibody, which is progressing through clinical trials[34]. - The company has established several innovation platforms, including a small molecule drug engineering technology research center, to continuously innovate in drug development and quality standards[49]. - The company has invested in the development of a cell immunotherapy product pipeline and is actively pursuing research and development of biopharmaceuticals, including targeted anti-tumor drugs such as ZG033 injection[45]. Market Position and Strategy - The company has a strong market position in the biopharmaceutical industry, with leading products such as human growth hormone and interferon α2b[20]. - The biopharmaceutical industry is experiencing sustained growth due to factors such as an aging population and increased health awareness, providing strategic opportunities for the company[18]. - The company is committed to expanding its market presence and enhancing core competitiveness through innovation[22]. - The company plans to continue its strategic initiatives in product innovation and market expansion[22]. - The company is focused on integrating subsidiary business resources to support overall operational performance[27]. - The marketing network covers over 3,000 large and medium-sized hospitals across the country, supported by a professional marketing team with a strong background in biology and medicine[46]. Financial Management - The company plans not to distribute cash dividends, nor issue bonus shares, nor increase capital from reserves[3]. - The company has a comprehensive risk management strategy outlined in the report, addressing various potential risks[3]. - The company has not encountered any major changes in the feasibility of its projects during the reporting period[61]. - The company has not engaged in any derivative investments or entrusted loans during the reporting period, ensuring a conservative financial strategy[72][73]. - The company reported a total fundraising amount of RMB 682,039,998.08 for the "Recombinant Human HER2 Monoclonal Antibody Injection Industrialization Project" and other projects, with a net amount of RMB 663,487,998.08 after deducting related expenses[83]. - The company reported a total of 97,838,000 CNY in entrusted financial management, with 65,944,000 CNY remaining unexpired[64]. Corporate Governance - The company has a dedicated team for investor relations, ensuring effective communication with stakeholders[8]. - The company’s legal representative is Song Lihua, who oversees the financial reporting[7]. - The company held its annual general meeting with a participation rate of 39.55% on April 20, 2022[87]. - The total number of employees participating in the employee stock ownership plan is 525, holding a total of 10,654,872 shares, which accounts for 0.65% of the company's total equity[90]. - The company has established a robust framework for employee stock ownership, enhancing employee engagement and aligning interests with shareholders[90]. Environmental Compliance - The company reported a total hazardous waste discharge of 29.3795 tons, which is below the approved discharge limit of 40.3 tons, indicating compliance with environmental standards[94]. - The company has successfully maintained compliance with all environmental discharge standards, with no instances of exceeding the approved discharge limits reported[94]. - The company has implemented regular maintenance of waste gas treatment facilities, with no instances of exceeding emission limits reported[97]. - The company has established a 500t emergency accident pool to manage potential environmental incidents[97]. Social Responsibility - The company donated a total of CNY 4.50305 million to various social causes during the reporting period[104]. - In March 2022, the company donated CNY 230,000 worth of medicines to support COVID-19 prevention efforts in Tongling[103]. - The company has committed to social responsibility by creating the Anhui Anke Biological Charity Foundation to support various charitable activities[102]. - The company has actively participated in local elderly care initiatives, donating CNY 400,000 to a senior care center[104]. Risks and Challenges - The company reported a significant risk of unmet expectations in new drug development, along with risks from industry policy changes and centralized procurement leading to price reductions[3]. - The company faces risks related to new drug development, including high investment, long cycles, and potential market rejection, which could adversely affect profitability and growth[80]. - The company is actively monitoring industry policy changes and will enhance its response capabilities to mitigate the impact of centralized procurement and price reductions on sales and profitability[81].
安科生物(300009) - 2022 Q1 - 季度财报
2022-04-27 16:00
Financial Performance - The company's revenue for Q1 2022 was ¥533,355,253.62, representing a 10.01% increase compared to ¥484,825,921.75 in the same period last year[2] - Net profit attributable to shareholders was ¥172,897,830.23, a 37.67% increase from ¥125,584,242.74 year-on-year[2] - Basic earnings per share increased to ¥0.1055, up 37.55% from ¥0.0767 in the same quarter last year[2] - Operating profit for Q1 2022 reached CNY 204,584,893.60, up 38.9% from CNY 147,173,591.27 in Q1 2021[17] - Net profit attributable to shareholders of the parent company was CNY 172,897,830.23, representing a 37.7% increase from CNY 125,584,242.74 in the previous year[18] Cash Flow - The net cash flow from operating activities reached ¥164,433,196.39, showing a significant growth of 96.81% compared to ¥83,549,693.39 in the previous year[2] - The cash inflow from operating activities was CNY 530,877,155.94, an increase of 22.5% compared to CNY 433,181,576.03 in the previous period[20] - The net cash flow from financing activities significantly increased, driven by substantial premium capital increases from external investors in a subsidiary[4] - The net cash flow from financing activities was CNY 15,004,685.21, a significant improvement from CNY 621,720.87 in the same period last year[21] Assets and Liabilities - Total assets at the end of the reporting period were ¥3,914,015,288.42, reflecting a 6.68% increase from ¥3,669,085,976.07 at the end of the previous year[2] - The company's total liabilities amounted to CNY 769,356,188.99, slightly up from CNY 765,521,209.36 year-on-year[15] - The total equity attributable to shareholders of the parent company increased to CNY 3,011,621,986.72 from CNY 2,786,596,726.38, reflecting a growth of 8.1%[15] Shareholder Information - The total number of common shareholders at the end of the reporting period is 92,450, with the top 10 shareholders holding a combined 36.92% of shares[6] - Song Lihua, the largest shareholder, holds 26.52% of shares, amounting to 434,578,710 shares, with 325,934,032 shares under lock-up[6] - The total number of restricted shares at the beginning of the period was 478,340,656, with 11,773,080 shares released during the period, leaving 466,567,577 shares still restricted[8] - The total number of shares held by the top 10 unrestricted shareholders is 292,000,000 shares, indicating a concentration of ownership[6] Investments and Capital - The company invested RMB 20 million in Shanghai Lanwei Medical Technology Co., Ltd., acquiring a 10% equity stake after the capital increase[9] - The registered capital of the associate company, Boshengji Pharmaceutical Technology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., increased from RMB 5.331299 million to RMB 6.184307 million through a capital increase[9] - The company has implemented a stock incentive plan, with a total of 10,654,872 shares released from lock-up on April 1, 2022[8] Research and Development - Research and development expenses for Q1 2022 were CNY 28,996,807.93, a decrease of 11.6% compared to CNY 32,684,673.43 in Q1 2021[17] Regulatory Approvals - The company received approval for a new production line for injectable human growth hormone, significantly increasing its production capacity[10] - The company received a notice of approval for "Amoxicillin Granules" after passing the consistency evaluation of generic drug quality and efficacy[10] Future Plans - The company continues to explore strategic partnerships and investments to enhance its market position and financial performance[9] - The company plans to expand its market presence and invest in new product development to drive future growth[19]
安科生物(300009) - 2021 Q4 - 年度财报
2022-03-30 16:00
Financial Performance - The company's operating revenue for 2021 was ¥2,168,765,205.74, representing a 27.47% increase compared to ¥1,701,417,216.20 in 2020[13]. - The net profit attributable to shareholders for 2021 was ¥206,629,495.23, a decrease of 42.44% from ¥358,955,394.89 in 2020[13]. - The net profit attributable to shareholders after deducting non-recurring gains and losses was ¥157,826,284.69, down 50.08% from ¥316,132,164.19 in 2020[13]. - The net cash flow from operating activities increased by 27.40% to ¥592,171,625.90 in 2021, compared to ¥464,796,376.62 in 2020[13]. - The total assets at the end of 2021 were ¥3,669,085,976.07, a 4.69% increase from ¥3,504,878,857.95 at the end of 2020[13]. - The basic earnings per share for 2021 was ¥0.13, a decrease of 40.91% from ¥0.22 in 2020[13]. - The company achieved total revenue of 2,168.77 million CNY, a year-on-year increase of 27.47%[30]. - The total profit was 295.12 million CNY, a year-on-year decrease of 29.08%[30]. - The net profit attributable to the parent company was 206.63 million CNY, a year-on-year decrease of 42.44%[30]. Dividend Distribution - The company plans to distribute a cash dividend of 2.00 RMB per 10 shares (including tax) based on a total of 1,637,715,216 shares[2]. - The company implemented a cash dividend policy, distributing a total of 327,543,043.20 CNY in cash dividends, which is 100% of the total profit distribution[127]. - For the fiscal year 2021, the company achieved a net profit of 375,388,858.53 CNY after deducting the legal surplus reserve[128]. - The company plans to distribute cash dividends at a rate of 2.00 CNY per 10 shares, based on a total share capital of 1,637,715,216 shares[128]. Research and Development - The company has multiple products in the research pipeline, including a monoclonal antibody for HER2-positive breast cancer, which is the second biosimilar of trastuzumab submitted for approval in China[22]. - The R&D strategy follows a "produce one generation, develop one generation, pre-research one generation, reserve one generation" approach, enhancing independent R&D capabilities and collaborating with top domestic research institutions[25]. - The company is actively engaged in the research and development of antibody drugs, with 19 applications for national invention patents filed[48]. - The company has established four innovation platforms for drug development, focusing on antiviral drugs for hepatitis B[48]. - The company is committed to continuous innovation in drug development and quality standards, enhancing its core competitiveness[48]. - The company has obtained 12 new patents, including 10 invention patents and 2 utility model patents, with the latest patent granted on June 29, 2021[37]. Market Position and Strategy - The biopharmaceutical industry is experiencing sustained growth due to factors such as rapid economic development, improved healthcare systems, and an aging population[19]. - The company is positioned to benefit from national policies supporting the healthcare sector, which is expected to drive demand in the biopharmaceutical industry[19]. - The company aims to enhance its core competitiveness and transition towards an innovative pharmaceutical enterprise[22]. - The company’s growth strategy includes focusing on high-quality development opportunities arising from industry consolidation and market entry for innovative and cost-effective products[22]. - The company is focusing on the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, as well as precision medicine, as part of its strategic development[80]. - The company is actively pursuing strategic opportunities in the rapidly growing biopharmaceutical sector, which is a key focus of national economic development[79]. Risk Management - The company faces risks related to new drug development not meeting expectations, industry policy changes, and centralized procurement leading to price reductions[2]. - The company has a comprehensive risk management strategy addressing potential impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic and fundraising usage not meeting expectations[2]. - The company is enhancing internal control and governance structures to improve decision-making and risk management as it expands its operations[83]. - The company is committed to maintaining high profitability levels while adapting to rapid asset and business scale expansion[86]. Corporate Governance - The board of directors consists of 12 members, including 4 independent directors, complying with legal and regulatory requirements[90]. - The company has implemented a performance evaluation and incentive mechanism for senior management, combining base salary with annual performance assessments[92]. - The company strictly adheres to information disclosure regulations, ensuring timely and accurate communication with investors[92]. - The company has established a comprehensive internal control management system, including regulations for shareholder meetings, board meetings, and internal audits[134]. - The company has not faced any unresolved governance issues, aligning with regulatory requirements for listed companies[88]. Environmental Responsibility - Anke Bio's total hazardous waste emissions were 26.3486 tons, with a permitted limit of 40.3 tons, showing no exceedance[141]. - Anke Bio's COD emissions were 1.246 tons, significantly below the permitted limit of 15.906 tons, with a concentration of 54.17 mg/L against a standard of 350 mg/L[141]. - The company has been actively involved in social responsibility initiatives, including donations totaling 60,000 yuan to support elderly care centers[152]. - The company has successfully passed expert evaluations for water-saving measures, earning the title of "Anhui Province Water-Saving Enterprise"[151]. Employee Engagement and Development - The company has established a clear compensation system and adjusted employee salaries in line with market trends and internal development needs[123]. - The company has a training program that combines online and offline training to enhance employee skills and management capabilities[124]. - A total of 527 employees participated in the employee stock ownership plan, holding a total of 10,654,872 shares, which represents 0.65% of the company's total equity[130]. - The company reported a total of 2,719 employees at the end of the reporting period, with 1,140 in sales, 612 in production, and 593 in technical roles[122]. Future Outlook - The company provided a positive outlook for the next fiscal year, projecting a revenue growth of 25% based on new product launches and market expansion strategies[158]. - The company aims to launch three new products in the next quarter, which are anticipated to contribute an additional 200 million RMB in revenue[158]. - Future guidance includes a focus on sustainable practices and corporate social responsibility initiatives to enhance brand reputation and customer loyalty[159].