ISSN 1684-0364 SERIES 210 STUDIES AND PERSPECTIVES ECLAC SUBREGIONAL HEADQUARTERS IN MEXICO Who provides childcare? Analysing the distribution of care work in Mexico Magali N. Alloatti Ana Luíza Matos de Oliveira Thank you for your interest in this ECLAC publication Please register if you would like to receive information on our editorial products and activities. When you register, you may specify your particular areas of interest and you will gain access to our products in other formats. Register Click on ...

2024 Preliminary Overview of the Economies of Latin America and the Caribbean Thank you for your interest in this ECLAC publication Please register if you would like to receive information on our editorial products and activities. When you register, you may specify your particular areas of interest and you will gain access to our products in other formats. Register Click on the link below for our social networks and other channels for accessing our publications: https://bit.ly/m/CEPAL 2024 Preliminary Overv ...

Original: Spanish www.cepal.org/transport number 5 / 2024 / ISSN: 1564-4227 Port report 2023–2024: mixed signals in trade and ports and new disruptions to international container shipping logistics Introduction The previous edition of the port report addressed the major impact that the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and the conflict between the Russian Federation and Ukraine had on shipping. Both events distorted global supply chains and caused bottlenecks owing to shutdowns, port congestion | Intr ...

Distr. LIMITED LC/MDCRP.30/7 7 May 2025 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: SPANISH 2500196[E] REPORT OF THIRTIETH MEETING OF THE PRESIDING OFFICERS OF THE REGIONAL COUNCIL FOR PLANNING OF THE LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN INSTITUTE FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PLANNING (ILPES) Santiago, 27 and 28 November 2024 | A. | ATTENDANCE AND ORGANIZATION OF WORK | 1–2 | 3 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | Place and date of the meeting | 1 | 3 | | | Attendance | 2 | 3 | | B. | AGENDA | 3 | 3 | | C. | SUMMARY OF PROCEEDINGS | 4–76 | 4 | | Anne ...

ISSN 1564-4170 SERIES GENDER AFFAIRS 166 Effects of countercyclical policies on women's and men's incomes during the COVID-19 pandemic A gender analysis of personal taxes and transfers in Colombia, Ecuador and the Plurinational State of Bolivia Diego Collado Nicole Bidegain Thank you for your interest in this ECLAC publication Please register if you would like to receive information on our editorial products and activities. When you register, you may specify your particular areas of interest and you will ga ...

La trampa de alta desigualdad y baja movilidad social en América Latina y el Caribe Scaling up and improving productive development policies 113 recommendations for Latin America and the Caribbean Introduction In September 2024, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) presented the first edition of its new flagship publication Panorama of Productive Development Policies in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2024. 1 This document fills a gap in the Commission's catalogue of publicat ...

Distr. LIMITED LC/MDS.6/4 7 April 2025 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: SPANISH 2500132[E] REPORT OF THE SIXTH MEETING OF THE PRESIDING OFFICERS OF THE REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Bridgetown, 31 October 2024 | A. | ATTENDANCE AND ORGANIZATION OF WORK | 1–6 | 3 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | Place and date of the meeting | 1 | 3 | | | Attendance | 2–5 | 3 | | | Chair | 6 | 3 | | B. | AGENDA | 7 | 4 | | C. | SUMMARY OF PROCEEDINGS | 8–24 | 4 | | Annex 1 | Agreements | – | 9 ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The Caribbean region has faced a persistent public debt issue, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, with total public debt increasing from $19 billion in 2000 to $63 billion in 2022, nearly tripling [16][18] - The average public debt to GDP ratio in the Caribbean rose from 56% in 2000 to 80% in 2020, before decreasing to 69% in 2022, indicating a significant challenge for sustainable development [19][21] - The report highlights successful debt reduction strategies in Jamaica and Saint Kitts and Nevis, contrasting with Suriname, which has seen a continuous increase in debt levels [16][26] Summary by Sections Introduction - The introduction outlines the global increase in public debt, particularly in developing countries, with Caribbean public debt rising significantly due to the pandemic [18][19] Evolution of Caribbean Public Debt - The chapter discusses the trends in public debt, noting that the Caribbean has one of the highest debt burdens globally, with a notable increase in the debt-to-GDP ratio over the past two decades [29][30] - It highlights the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused a spike in debt levels, with eight Caribbean countries exceeding a debt-to-GDP ratio of 80% during 2020 and 2021 [32][33] National Experiences in Debt Reduction - The report provides case studies of Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Suriname, detailing their respective debt management experiences from 2010 to 2022 [53] - Jamaica's debt-to-GDP ratio decreased from 135% in 2013 to 84% in 2022, showcasing effective fiscal discipline and debt restructuring measures [54][62] - Saint Kitts and Nevis also achieved a significant reduction in debt, while Suriname's debt increased from 28% of GDP in 2010 to 118% in 2022, highlighting the challenges faced by some nations [43][44] Debt Breakdown - The analysis of debt dynamics includes factors such as interest payments, inflation, and GDP growth, which influence the debt-to-GDP ratio in the selected countries [44][45] - The report emphasizes the importance of fiscal rules and substantial debt restructuring in achieving debt reduction [16][26]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - The dominance of the US dollar as an international payment method has significantly increased, maintaining its strong position as a store of value and reinforcing its role as a global pricing unit. This has substantial financial implications for the US and countries heavily reliant on the dollar, particularly developing nations [15][17][19]. - The analysis highlights the shift in the global financial landscape post the 2008-2009 financial crisis, where capital markets, particularly the bond market, have become the primary source of financing, surpassing the traditional banking system [37][43]. - The report emphasizes the growing external financial vulnerability of developing countries due to their reliance on dollar-denominated debt and the impact of international financial conditions on their economies [19][50]. Summary by Sections Abstract - The abstract outlines the increasing importance of the US dollar in international finance and its implications for developing countries, particularly in the context of changing international financial flows post-global financial crisis [15]. Introduction - The introduction discusses the central role of the US dollar in the international financial system established by the Bretton Woods Agreement and its continued dominance despite challenges [17]. Section I: The Advantage of the Dollar - The dollar remains the most important international reserve currency, with no evidence suggesting a challenge to its dominance in the near to medium term. Data shows that from 2001 to 2020, the dollar's international usage was nearly three times that of the euro and significantly higher than other currencies [21][24]. Section II: International Capital Markets as a Source of Funding - The report notes that from 2000 to 2023, the issuance of debt securities by the non-bank sector increased from $1.5 trillion to $12.9 trillion, highlighting the growing role of capital markets in providing global liquidity [37][39]. Section III: Consequences of Dollar Hegemony - The analysis indicates that the majority of external debt is issued in US dollars, with the share of dollar-denominated debt rising from 53.9% in 2005 to 69.7% in 2022, underscoring the financial vulnerability of developing countries [29][34]. Section IV: Analysis of External Balance Sheets of Developing Countries - The report discusses the increase in foreign currency liabilities without a corresponding rise in foreign currency assets, leading to heightened financial vulnerability for non-financial corporations in developing countries [42]. Section V: Conclusions - The conclusions summarize the findings, emphasizing the need for developing countries to manage their external financial vulnerabilities in light of their reliance on dollar-denominated debt and the implications of global financial conditions [19][50].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - Inequality, both among and within countries, is a significant barrier to transitioning to low-carbon, climate-resilient economies, particularly in regions like Latin America and the Caribbean where structural inequality is prevalent [81] - A mix of policies is required to manage climate change risk, including productive development, trade, fiscal, and social policies, aimed at enhancing socioeconomic benefits while mitigating harmful effects [82] Summary by Sections I. Distributional Impacts of Climate Change - The consequences of climate change exacerbate existing development gaps, including inequality, with developing countries facing higher exposure and vulnerability to climate impacts [20] - High-income countries have per capita emissions 1.5 times higher than upper-middle-income economies and up to 10 times higher than low-income countries, with the top 1% responsible for 15% of emissions [25][26] - Between 1970 and 2021, over 75% of climate disasters and 94% of reported deaths occurred in developing or transition economies [35] II. Distributional Implications of Low-Carbon Transition Policies - The distributional effect of carbon pricing on households depends on the policy instrument and its implementation, with evidence suggesting that carbon pricing is regressive due to higher fossil fuel spending by poorer families [51] - Transition policies will have macro-level distributional impacts, particularly for countries dependent on high-carbon industries, which may face reductions in fiscal revenues and employment levels [61][62] III. Policy Recommendations for an Inclusive, Just, and Sustainable Transition - Establishing social safety nets and investing in basic goods and services is crucial to reduce vulnerability and encourage changes in consumption patterns [68] - A coordinated set of policies is necessary to promote sectors with higher value added and employment growth while ensuring environmental sustainability [69] - The challenge lies in harmonizing policies to close external, social, and environmental gaps, with a focus on structural transformation and social justice [74]