Core Points - The northern regions of China have experienced a significant drop in temperature, with the temperature line reaching 0°C in central North China, and the lowest temperature in Beijing recorded at -0.5°C as of October 20 [1] Group 1: Temperature Trends - As of mid-October, the average temperature in 16 northern provinces, including Beijing and Tianjin, was 10.4°C, which is consistent with the historical average of 10.2°C [2] - Certain areas, such as parts of Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, have recorded temperatures slightly below the historical average [2] - The current cold wave is characterized by a "penetrating" weak cold air that continuously enters, leading to a more pronounced feeling of cold due to a sharp drop in temperature after a period of warmth [3] Group 2: Climate Predictions - The winter of this year is expected to have temperatures close to or slightly above the historical average, with significant fluctuations between cold and warm periods [3] - The trend of increasing average winter temperatures in China is evident, with the Arctic warming at a rate higher than tropical regions, leading to more pronounced temperature swings [3] Group 3: Agricultural Impact - The upcoming cold weather may adversely affect agricultural production, particularly in northeastern regions where temperatures are expected to be 4°C to 6°C below average, with frost likely [4] - Farmers in northern regions are advised to expedite the harvest process and manage crops effectively to prevent damage from low temperatures [4]

Group 1: Climate Change Impact on Agriculture - The increasing frequency of high temperatures and heavy rainfall is forcing agricultural practitioners to adopt more proactive measures to mitigate challenges [18][19] - High temperatures above 35°C can lead to adverse effects on apple trees, including color changes and deformation, while excessive rainfall can cause root rot and other diseases [19] - Farmers are now closely monitoring weather forecasts to prepare for extreme weather conditions, ensuring timely application of fertilizers and pesticides to protect crops [19] Group 2: Impact on Cultural Heritage Preservation - The increase in rainfall poses significant threats to ancient buildings, particularly wooden structures, which are susceptible to decay in humid conditions [20][21] - The preservation of cultural relics requires continuous environmental monitoring, which is often lacking for lower-tier heritage sites, making them vulnerable to extreme weather [20] - Changes in temperature and humidity directly affect the integrity of murals and wall paintings, leading to deterioration and loss of cultural heritage [21][22] Group 3: Broader Implications for Industries - The shift towards a "warm and humid" climate in northern regions is expected to affect various industries, necessitating adaptations to new weather patterns [22][23] - The changing climate will have direct and indirect impacts on every sector and individual, highlighting the need for comprehensive strategies to address these challenges [22][23]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights the unprecedented rainfall and extended rainy season in North China, marking it as the strongest since 1961 [2][6][13] - The North China rainy season began on July 5, 2023, which is 13 days earlier than the average, and lasted for 59 days, significantly longer than the typical 30 days [6][13] - The cumulative rainfall in North China has been exceptionally high, with some areas experiencing rainfall amounts 50% to 200% above the historical average [8][10] Group 2 - The rainfall has led to significant hydrological impacts, with 23 rivers exceeding warning levels, prompting a level IV flood defense response in Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces [1] - The rainfall has caused secondary disasters such as mountain floods and urban waterlogging, while also alleviating drought conditions in some regions [8][10] - The meteorological conditions contributing to this unusual weather pattern include abnormal sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific and strong subtropical high pressure in the western Pacific [15]

Core Insights - The North China rainy season officially ended on September 2, 2023, marking the longest duration and highest cumulative rainfall since 1961, making it the strongest rainy season on record [1][3][19] Summary by Sections Rainy Season Duration and Intensity - The rainy season in North China began on July 5, 2023, which is 13 days earlier than the average, and lasted for 59 days, 29 days longer than usual [3][13] - The intensity of the rainy season was significantly stronger compared to historical averages, with the overall rainfall in North China being the highest since 1961 [3][5] Regional Rainfall Distribution - Since June, the average national rainfall has approached historical levels, but distribution has been uneven, with northern regions experiencing 50% to 200% more rainfall than usual [5][9] - In Tianjin, the average rainfall reached 586.7 mm, which is 40% above the historical average [9] Economic and Environmental Impact - The prolonged rainy season has had dual effects: while it caused flooding and geological disasters in some areas, it also alleviated drought conditions in parts of central and western China, benefiting pasture growth and improving water levels in lakes and wetlands [7][11] - The increased rainfall has affected agriculture, transportation, and tourism, with significant impacts on public perception of weather conditions during peak commuting hours [13][19] Meteorological Factors - The unusual weather patterns are attributed to several factors, including abnormal sea temperatures in the equatorial Pacific and the persistent strength of the subtropical high-pressure system in the western Pacific [14][16] - The geographical features of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, including the Taihang and Yanshan mountains, contribute to the significant rainfall as warm, moist air is forced to rise, leading to precipitation [16][17] Future Considerations - Meteorological experts note that the duration of the rainy season has shown interdecadal variability, with a trend of increasing duration since 2011, suggesting potential future changes [19]

Core Viewpoint - The North China rainy season has been notably prolonged this year, lasting 55 days as of August 28, compared to the average of 30 days, influenced by various climatic factors such as sea temperature anomalies and persistent high-pressure systems [1][2][5]. Group 1: Rainy Season Characteristics - The rainy season began on July 5, 13 days earlier than the average start date of July 18, marking the earliest onset since 1961 [2][5]. - Cumulative rainfall in the monitoring area has exceeded the normal seasonal value by 131% as of August 25 [2][3]. - The rainy season has been characterized by high humidity and frequent heavy rainfall events, with 29 significant precipitation events recorded since the onset of the rainy season [3][4]. Group 2: Contributing Factors - Multiple factors contribute to the extended duration of the rainy season, including anomalies in equatorial Pacific sea temperatures, a strong and northward-shifted subtropical high-pressure system, typhoon activity, and geographical features [5][6]. - The subtropical high-pressure system has been particularly strong, reaching its northernmost position since 1961, facilitating the influx of warm, moist air from the south [6][7]. - The interaction between warm, moist air and cold air from higher latitudes has led to increased precipitation in North China [6][7]. Group 3: Climate Change Implications - The record-breaking rainy season is seen as a local manifestation of global climate system changes, with increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events attributed to climate change [8]. - Experts suggest that the duration of the rainy season exhibits significant interdecadal variability, with a trend of increasing duration observed since 2011 [7][8]. - There is a call for enhanced disaster prevention and mitigation measures in response to extreme weather, emphasizing the need for societal engagement in climate adaptation strategies [8].

Core Insights - The North China rainy season has been notably prolonged this year, lasting 55 days as of August 28, compared to the average of 30 days, marking the earliest start since 1961 [1][2][4] - The rainy season has been characterized by increased rainfall, with cumulative precipitation exceeding the normal value by 131% as of August 25 [1][2] - Multiple factors contribute to the extended duration and intensity of the rainy season, including abnormal sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific and a strong subtropical high pressure system [4][5][6] Rainfall Characteristics - There have been 29 significant rainfall events since the onset of the rainy season, with 10 classified as strong and 2 as exceptionally strong [2] - Notable rainfall amounts include over 250 mm in certain areas, with specific locations like Beijing's Miyun District recording 573.5 mm and Baoding in Hebei reaching 605.8 mm [2][5] Climate Change Implications - The record-breaking rainy season is seen as a local manifestation of global climate system changes, with increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events [6][7] - Experts suggest that the duration of the rainy season may continue to exhibit interdecadal variability, with a trend of increasing duration observed since 2011 [6][7]

Core Insights - The article discusses the unusually long and wet rainy season in North China, which began on July 5, 2023, 13 days earlier than the average start date of July 18, marking the earliest onset since 1961 [1][2] - The average rainfall in the North China monitoring area reached 315.5 mm, which is 131% higher than the normal value of 136.6 mm [2] - The record-breaking rainfall is attributed to multiple factors, including abnormal sea temperatures in the equatorial Pacific, a strong and shifted subtropical high-pressure system, typhoon activity, and geographical influences [3][4] Summary by Sections Rainy Season Characteristics - The rainy season in North China has lasted for 52 days as of August 25, significantly longer than the typical duration of 30 days [1] - The rainy season is characterized by increased rainfall frequency, volume, and humidity, contributing to a notably damp environment [2] Factors Contributing to Abnormal Weather - The subtropical high-pressure system has been stronger and positioned further north than usual, facilitating the transport of warm, moist air from lower latitudes to northern China [3] - Historical data indicates that the combination of typhoons and the subtropical high can lead to extreme rainfall events, as seen with Typhoon "Kanu" and Typhoon "Zhu Jie Cao" [3] Climate Change Implications - The record rainfall in North China is viewed as a local manifestation of global climate system changes, emphasizing the need for improved climate adaptation and response capabilities to address extreme weather challenges [4]

Core Viewpoint - The northern regions of China are experiencing a prolonged rainy season, with significant rainfall expected to continue in various areas, particularly in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding provinces [5][6][7]. Weather Forecast - A yellow rainstorm warning has been issued, predicting heavy rainfall from August 27 to August 28 in regions including Liaoning, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, and parts of Sichuan, with localized areas expecting extreme rainfall of 100-150 mm [2][4]. - The rainfall is expected to shift eastward, with the heaviest precipitation anticipated in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area, followed by a further eastward movement towards Liaoning [4][6]. Rainfall Statistics - As of August 25, the rainy season in North China has lasted 52 days, significantly longer than the average duration of 30 days, with an average rainfall of 315.5 mm, which is 131% above the normal value of 136.6 mm [5][6]. Contributing Factors - The excessive rainfall in North China this summer is attributed to several factors, including abnormal sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific, a persistent and strong subtropical high-pressure system, typhoon activity, and geographical influences [6][7]. - The subtropical high has expanded northward due to global warming, facilitating the continuous influx of warm, moist air into northern China, which, combined with cold air from higher latitudes, has resulted in increased precipitation [7]. Geographical Influence - The topography of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, characterized by the Taihang and Yanshan mountain ranges, enhances rainfall through orographic lift, where moist air is forced to rise, leading to condensation and precipitation [7].

Core Insights - Since July, northern China has experienced multiple rounds of heavy rainfall, with significant overlap in precipitation areas, particularly from July 23 to 29, where regions like Qinghai, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and Northeast China faced heavy to extremely heavy rainfall [1][3] Weather Patterns - The recent heavy rainfall in northern and northwestern China is directly related to abnormal atmospheric circulation. The intensity of the western Pacific subtropical high has been stronger and positioned further north, creating favorable conditions for sustained heavy rainfall in the north [3] - The active tropical systems in the southern ocean during mid to late July have further enhanced moisture transport to northern regions, contributing to the persistent heavy rainfall [3] - Geographical features also play a significant role, as the terrain in regions like the Yinshan, Taihang, and Yanshan mountains facilitates the uplift and convergence of warm, moist air, leading to repeated heavy rainfall events in areas like Beijing and Hebei, resulting in significantly higher cumulative precipitation compared to historical averages [3]

Group 1 - The article discusses the phenomenon of "Sanfu days" being the hottest period of the year, with significant temperature increases due to the imbalance between heat absorption and heat dissipation on the ground [1][2] - It highlights the trend of earlier high temperatures in China, with the first high-temperature day occurring earlier in most regions from 1991 to 2020 compared to 1961 to 1990 [2] - The article notes that the number of high-temperature days has generally increased over the past 60 years, with an average increase of 6.7 days every decade in annual warm days [2] Group 2 - The extreme high temperatures are linked to the Western Pacific subtropical high-pressure system, which has been controlling the weather in the central and eastern regions of China [2] - The article emphasizes the health risks associated with extreme heat, urging the public to take precautions and limit outdoor activities during high-temperature periods [2]