价格治理是宏观经济治理的重要内容。4月2日，中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅发布《关于完善价格治 理机制的意见》（以下简称《意见》），为进一步深化价格改革，完善价格治理机制提供指引。《意 见》提出，要加强价格政策与财政、货币、产业、就业等宏观政策协同发力，提升价格总水平调控效 能。同时，《意见》强调，坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向，能由市场形成价格的都交给市场，促进先 进优质生产要素高效顺畅流动，有效服务全国统一大市场建设。 让更多价格由市场形成 为进一步健全促进资源高效配置的市场价格形成机制，《意见》明确，深化价格市场化改革。分品种、 有节奏推进各类电源上网电价市场化改革，稳妥有序推动电能量价格、容量价格和辅助服务价格由市场 形成，探索建立促进改革平稳推进的配套制度。健全跨省跨区送电市场化价格形成机制。加快完善电网 代理购电制度，推动更多工商业用户直接参与市场交易。进一步完善成品油定价机制，深化天然气价格 市场化改革。加快完善煤炭市场价格形成机制。鼓励供需双方按照市场化原则协商确定水利工程供水价 格，积极推进新建水利工程提前明确量价条件。放开具备竞争条件的民航国内航线旅客运输价格。 《意见》提出，加快重点领域市场 ...

Overall Requirements - The document emphasizes the importance of price governance as a key aspect of macroeconomic management, aiming to deepen price reform and improve the price governance mechanism in China [2]. Group 1: Market Price Formation Mechanism - The document advocates for the market-oriented reform of electricity pricing, including the establishment of a market-based pricing mechanism for electricity, natural gas, and coal [3][4]. - It highlights the need to create a competitive market environment by abolishing policies that hinder fair competition and ensuring fair access to essential services like electricity and gas [4]. - The document calls for the development of trading markets for key commodities, including oil, gas, and coal, to enhance price formation [3]. Group 2: Price Guidance Mechanism - The document proposes improving agricultural price policies to ensure stable and safe supply of essential food products, including minimum purchase prices for rice and wheat [5]. - It emphasizes the need for energy price policies that support green and low-carbon transitions, including the establishment of pricing mechanisms for natural gas and renewable energy [5]. - The document suggests creating a pricing policy for public data to facilitate the development of the digital economy [7]. Group 3: Price Regulation Mechanism - The document stresses the importance of regulating overall price levels by considering supply and demand dynamics, economic growth, and external influences [8]. - It outlines the need for a long-term mechanism to stabilize prices of essential goods, focusing on production capacity and market balance [8]. - The document highlights the importance of emergency measures to manage price fluctuations for critical commodities [9]. Group 4: Market Price Supervision Mechanism - The document calls for the establishment of a comprehensive market price behavior regulation system to maintain order and prevent unfair competition [10]. - It emphasizes the need for enhanced price supervision and inspection, particularly in sectors with high public interest [10]. - The document advocates for a collaborative governance model involving industry self-regulation, social oversight, and government regulation [10]. Group 5: Capacity Building for Price Governance - The document highlights the need to improve price monitoring and early warning systems to enhance responsiveness to market changes [11]. - It calls for strengthening cost auditing and investigation to ensure effective cost control and transparency [11]. - The document emphasizes the importance of updating legal frameworks related to price governance to adapt to new challenges [11]. Group 6: Implementation and Leadership - The document stresses the necessity of strong leadership from the Communist Party in implementing price governance measures [12]. - It calls for local governments and departments to prioritize price governance and adapt policies to local conditions [12].