特朗普的第一个任期，于2018年4月初根据301调查结果对中国发出了加征进口关税的威胁。此后，中美 关税摩擦交错升级，美国于2018年7月6日、8月23日、9月24日和2019年9月1日分四批对累计约3700亿美 元中国进口商品加征了10%~25%的关税。 特朗普1.0关税在2018年引发了"抢出口效应"。据中方统计，当年，中国出口（美元口径，下同）增长 9.9%，增速较上年加快2.0个百分点。其中，对美国出口增长10.8%，较出口平均增速高出0.9个百分 点。同期，由于中国进口增长15.8%，快于出口增速，进出口顺差减少16.4%，其中对美贸易顺差增长 16.7%。 文/ 中银证券全球首席经济学家 管涛 从2019年的经验看，关税冲击不一定表现为中国整体贸易顺差下降，而 是在顺差可能扩大的情况下，通过出口和进口两个渠道影响或反映中国经 济运行。我们需早做准备，并变压力为动力，加快经济转型和政策调整。 现在外部环境更趋复杂严峻，将倒逼中国加快推进相关改革与调整：一是 加快构建新发展格局；二是转变外贸发展方式；三是强化宏观政策的民生 导向，将外部打压遏制的压力转变成集中精力做好自己事情的动力。 美国政府换届一个 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the upcoming earnings report season in April, emphasizing the importance of company performance amid rising external uncertainties and market volatility. It suggests that sectors and companies with better-than-expected performance may stand out during this period [1]. Earnings Preview - A-shares' earnings in Q1 2025 are expected to show flat or slightly negative year-on-year growth due to external demand pressures and macroeconomic challenges. February CPI showed a negative year-on-year growth for the first time in 12 months, while PPI remains low despite marginal improvements [1]. - The impact of increased tariffs from the U.S. on Chinese exports is noted, with February exports showing a year-on-year decline of 3.0%, marking the first negative growth since March of the previous year. The overall earnings growth for A-shares is projected to be around zero or slightly negative [1][2]. Sector Analysis Financial Sector - The brokerage and insurance sectors are expected to benefit from higher market activity in Q1 [2]. Non-Financial Sector - High-demand industries are relatively scarce, but sectors supported by policies, such as non-ferrous metals and certain TMT (Technology, Media, and Telecommunications) areas, may present structural highlights [2]. - Energy and raw materials sectors are expected to have generally flat performance, with non-ferrous metals benefiting from rising gold and copper prices [3]. - The manufacturing sector is showing overall flat performance with some localized recovery, supported by export demand [4]. - The consumer sector's demand remains weak, although policy support areas like "trade-in" programs are performing well [5]. TMT Sector - The communication equipment sector is expected to benefit from increased capital expenditure in the internet sector, while consumer electronics may see mixed results [6]. - The semiconductor sector is maintaining good demand in areas related to computing power, despite being in a traditional off-season [6]. Financial and Real Estate Sector - The banking sector remains stable, while brokerages may benefit from increased trading activity. The insurance sector's performance may vary, and the real estate sector continues to face downward pressure [6]. Investment Focus - Investors are advised to focus on sectors with potential for earnings surprises or improvements during the earnings disclosure period. Key areas to watch include sectors recovering from cyclical lows, such as semiconductors and consumer electronics, and industries achieving supply-side clearing in a mild recovery environment [7].