Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company reported consolidated net revenue of $36.3 million, a 6% increase year over year, driven by higher cannabis flower sales in Israel and higher cannabis extract sales in Canada, partially offset by a decrease in cannabis flower sales in Canada [11] - Gross profit and adjusted gross profit in Q3 were $18.3 million, equating to a 50% gross margin, a 19 percentage point improvement from 31% adjusted gross margins in Q3 2024 [11] - Adjusted EBITDA in Q3 was $5.7 million, an improvement of $11.7 million year-over-year, driven by higher gross profit and lower operating expenses [12] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - In Canada, flower supply constraints led to softer flower revenue year over year, but this was offset by strong performance in edibles and significant growth in the vape category [4] - The Spinach brand ended the quarter as the number two cannabis brand in Canada with 4.5% overall market share, ranking fourth in flower with 4.9% share and third in vapes with 7% share [5] - In edibles, Spinach held the number one position with 19.7% market share, and within gummies, it led the market with 22.8% share [6] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - In Israel, Cronos Group achieved record net revenue, with Peace Naturals being the number one medical cannabis brand, driven by strong demand for flagship strains [8] - The medical patient count in Israel has returned to growth in 2025, up nearly 5% year to date [9] - International market results were lighter this quarter due to shipment timing, with expectations for the second half of 2025 net revenue to be similar to the first half [9] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company remains focused on delivering top-line growth, margin expansion, and disciplined cost management while strengthening operations for sustainable profitability [4] - The completion of the phase two expansion at GrowCo is expected to improve flower sales in 2026, resolving supply constraints [5] - Cronos Group maintains a strong balance sheet with no debt and $824 million in cash, providing flexibility for growth and innovation [10] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the company's strategy and highlighted the strong performance of core business segments, anticipating continued growth into 2026 [15] - The company is optimistic about the impact of the Groco expansion on revenue and margins, with expectations for improved capacity utilization over time [17][19] Other Important Information - The company launched new products, including limited-edition seasonal offerings and new strains in Israel, to maintain consumer engagement and retail momentum [7][8] - The company is monitoring potential regulatory changes in Germany that could affect future market dynamics [9] Q&A Session Summary Question: Did any sales from Groco expansion occur in Q3, and what is the expected growth magnitude for 2026? - Management indicated that sales from Groco would gradually show up, with a 70% capacity increase on flower expected to impact revenue positively in 2026 [17] Question: Will underlying gross margins improve with the new Groco capacity? - Management confirmed that increased fixed cost absorption from the new facility could lead to improved margins in the future [18] Question: How much did flower supply constraints impact Q3, and what about shipment timing for international markets? - Management acknowledged that flower supply constraints weighed down performance, and shipment timing shifts would normalize, making the second half of the year similar to the first half [20][21]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Second quarter revenue was $327 million, reflecting a 5% reported revenue decline, while year-to-date revenue was $649 million, also down 5% [4] - Adjusted EPS increased 13% in the quarter to $1.27 and 11% year-to-date to $2.36 [16] - Adjusted gross margin reached 60.5% in the second quarter, up 380 basis points year-over-year [12] - Adjusted operating income increased 5% in the second quarter to $87 million, with adjusted operating margin expanding 250 basis points to 26.7% [15] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Hospital revenue was $146 million in the second quarter, up 5% on a reported basis and 4% organic [5] - Blood management technologies grew 12% in the quarter and 13% year-to-date, driven by hemostasis management [5] - Plasma revenue was $125 million in the quarter, down 10% on a reported basis, but organic revenue grew 19% [8] - Blood center reported revenue declined 18% in the quarter, but organic revenue grew 4% [10] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - U.S. plasma collections grew in the high single digits, while European collections continued to grow in double digits [9] - The company raised its full-year plasma revenue guidance to a decline of 4%-7% or 14%-17% organic growth excluding CSL [9] - Hospital revenue growth guidance was updated to 4%-7%, reflecting sustained growth in blood management technologies [8] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on advancing its portfolio and transformation to sustain momentum beyond its long-range plan [4] - Strategic priorities include meeting debt obligations, returning excess cash to shareholders, and advancing targeted investments in growth products [20] - The company aims to strengthen execution in interventional technologies to accelerate growth and margin expansion beyond FY 2026 [8] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the sustained robust growth of the plasma therapeutics market, particularly immunoglobulins [9] - The company anticipates continued margin expansion in the second half of the fiscal year [16] - Management highlighted the importance of disciplined execution and a high-performance culture in driving long-term value creation [20] Other Important Information - The company raised its full-year revenue guidance from a reported decline of 3%-6% to a decline of 1%-4% [11] - Free cash flow guidance was raised to $170-$210 million, with a commitment to maintain a free cash flow to adjusted net income ratio in excess of 70% [18] - The company ended the quarter with $296 million in cash and total debt of $1.2 billion [18] Q&A Session Summary Question: What are the assumptions for collections growth in the second half? - Management indicated that the second quarter was driven by share gains, innovation pricing, and collections volume growth, with high single-digit growth in the U.S. and double-digit growth in Europe expected to continue [23][24] Question: Can you provide an update on IVT commercial efforts? - Management noted that hospital business was the largest contributor to margin expansion, with a focus on blood management technologies and actions to regain growth momentum in IVT [26][27] Question: How is the launch of the HN cartridge going in EMEA and Japan? - Management expects the launch to be a significant source of sustainable double-digit growth, although market dynamics differ from the U.S. [54][56] Question: What is the outlook for the Vascade business? - Management expressed confidence in regaining share in the competitive market, with ongoing initiatives to strengthen the sales force and improve market acceptance [40][45] Question: How will share repurchases impact EPS? - Management indicated that share repurchases contributed a few cents to EPS, and they aim to keep dilution in check while being opportunistic with capital deployment [39][71]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company reported revenues exceeding $250 million, adjusted EBITDA over $160 million, and DCF approaching $104 million, with strong margins and consistent utilization resulting in an improved leverage ratio of 3.9 times and a DCF coverage ratio of 1.6 times [6][11][12] - The net income for Q3 2025 was $34.5 million, operating income was $83.9 million, and net cash provided by operating activities was $75.9 million [11] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Average pricing per horsepower reached an all-time high of $21.46, reflecting a 1% increase sequentially and a 4% increase year-over-year [11] - Average active horsepower remained stable at 3.55 million, with total fleet horsepower at approximately 3.9 million, consistent with the previous quarter [11][12] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company expects active horsepower in the Northeast and Central Regions to grow by over 40,000 horsepower before the end of 2025 compared to Q2 [8] - The company has contracted 300 small horsepower units to increase utilization to nearly 80% over the coming months [9] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company plans to deploy most of its 2025 new unit horsepower in Q4, setting the foundation for continued momentum in 2026 [7] - The 2026 capital budget is being finalized, with expectations that new horsepower will exceed 2025 levels due to continued natural gas demand and new projects [7][8] - The company is focused on cost management and operational discipline, leading to increased guidance for EBITDA and DCF for 2025 [6][13] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management noted that U.S. producers are evaluating macro market conditions for their 2026 capital budgets, but growth opportunities remain in the markets they operate [7] - The company is optimistic about the path forward, citing successful ERP implementation and cost synergies from a new shared services model [15] Other Important Information - The company refinanced its ABL and 2027 senior notes, significantly reducing weighted average borrowing costs and improving strategic flexibility [10][14] - The company expects to realize over $10 million in annualized interest savings from recent refinancing efforts [14] Q&A Session Summary Question: Can you speak to your willingness to lean further into compression and dry gas plays in a sustained slowdown in oil-directed activity? - Management indicated they are already established in dry gas markets and can move equipment as needed to support growth in those areas [17][18] Question: Can you speak to recent pricing dynamics and how spot prices compare to your fleet average? - Management noted that pricing trends have picked up since Q2, and they expect dollar per horsepower revenue to remain consistent into the back half of 2025 and into 2026 [20][21]

Core Viewpoint - The company emphasizes the impact of aluminum prices on its procurement and sales strategies, highlighting the importance of cost management and innovation to maintain profitability amid market fluctuations [1] Procurement Insights - The primary raw material for the company is aluminum rods, with prices influenced by upstream aluminum ingot prices, which are subject to volatility as a bulk commodity [1] - The procurement pricing model follows "aluminum ingot market price + processing fee," referencing publicly available prices for "A00 aluminum" from Changjiang Nonferrous and Guangdong Nanchu [1] Sales Strategy - The company's battery box products are customized and non-standard, leading to a lack of a standardized market price due to varying customer requirements in functionality, material type, appearance, and other parameters [1] Cost Management - The company places a high priority on cost management and will closely monitor the impact of aluminum price fluctuations on its performance [1] - Strategies to control costs and maintain gross margins include optimizing the supply chain and improving production efficiency [1] Innovation and Growth - The company is committed to continuous technological innovation and expanding into high-quality sectors to ensure stable operations and performance improvement [1]

Core Insights - ResMed Inc. is a leading company in the medical products industry, specializing in solutions for sleep apnea and respiratory conditions, with a strong financial performance and market competitiveness [1] Financial Performance - ResMed reported earnings per share (EPS) of $2.55 for the quarter ending September 2025, exceeding the estimated $2.51 and showing a significant improvement from $2.20 in the same quarter last year, resulting in an earnings surprise of +2.41% [2][6] - The company's revenue for the same quarter reached $1.34 billion, surpassing the estimated $1.33 billion and reflecting a 9.1% increase compared to the previous year, with a positive surprise of 0.94% [3][6] Operational Metrics - ResMed's gross margin improved by 290 basis points to 61.5%, while the non-GAAP gross margin rose to 62.0%, indicating effective cost management [4] - Income from operations increased by 15%, with non-GAAP income from operations up by 19%, showcasing operational excellence [4] Financial Health - The company maintains a strong balance sheet with a debt-to-equity ratio of approximately 0.15, indicating low debt levels relative to equity [5] - A current ratio of around 3.44 demonstrates ResMed's capability to cover short-term liabilities with its short-term assets, alongside a price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of 26.38, reflecting solid financial positioning and growth potential [5]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Sales increased by 8% driven by pricing benefits and resilient demand in the Americas Welding and Harris Products Group segments [6][12] - Adjusted EPS performance rose by 15% with record cash flow generation and a cash conversion rate of 149% [6][12] - Gross profit margin expanded by 90 basis points to 36.7% despite lower volumes [12] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Americas Welding sales increased by approximately 9% due to higher prices and a contribution from acquisitions, with volume declines narrowing to about 2% [14][15] - International Welding segment sales rose by 1.6%, with a 4% benefit from acquisitions and 2% from favorable foreign exchange, but volumes decreased by 4% [16] - Harris Products Group sales increased by 15%, driven by 2% higher volumes and nearly 12% higher prices [17] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Organic sales in the Americas increased by a high single-digit percentage, while international heavy industries faced challenges [9][10] - The automation portfolio faced deferred capital spending, particularly in the automotive sector, but showed signs of improvement in order rates [8][10] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is in the final quarter of its five-year Higher Standard 2025 strategy, focusing on long-term growth and balanced capital allocation [10][11] - Strategic investments and operational agility are aimed at offsetting inflation and volume headwinds while maintaining a neutral price-cost position [6][11] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed optimism about demand trends in construction and infrastructure, with expectations for a gradual recovery in capital investment [22][36] - The company anticipates a modest sequential improvement in operating income margin and is maintaining its top-line and margin assumptions for the year [19][20] Other Important Information - The company generated record cash flows from operations, with a year-to-date increase of approximately 13% [18] - A 5.3% increase in the annual dividend payout rate was announced, marking the 30th consecutive increase [19] Q&A Session Summary Question: Demand trends in construction and infrastructure - Management noted continued strength in the Americas welding segment, with challenges in international markets [26] Question: Automation order rates and margin implications - Management indicated that while automation has higher fixed costs, an uptick in orders is expected to improve margins in the future [27][30] Question: Cycle positioning and demand recovery into 2026 - Management is cautiously optimistic about growth, emphasizing the need for consistent order activity before predicting a recovery [36][45] Question: Pricing dynamics and demand elasticity - Management observed that demand has been more resilient than expected, with volume trends starting to improve [42][43] Question: Volume expectations for the fourth quarter - Management expects traditional seasonality in the fourth quarter, with a modest sequential improvement in operating margins [55][56] Question: LIFO charges and accounting dynamics - Management clarified that LIFO accounting resets annually and that temporary cost savings will revert as volumes improve [59] Question: Harris Products Group pricing dynamics - Management explained that pricing is largely driven by commodity prices and market adjustments, with expectations for continued pricing strength [65]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Consolidated net sales for Q3 2025 were $1 billion, an increase of 13% from Q3 2024 [17] - Operating profit margin improved by 140 basis points year over year to 7.3% [5][19] - Adjusted EBITDA grew 24% to $106 million compared to $85 million in Q3 2024 [21] - GAAP net income in Q3 was $62 million or $2.55 earnings per diluted share, up from $36 million or $1.39 in the prior year [21][22] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - OEM net sales for Q3 2025 were $790 million, up 15% from the same period in 2024, driven by RV OEM net sales of $470 million, which were up 11% [17][19] - Net sales in adjacent businesses were $320 million, up 22% year over year, with $39 million attributed to acquisitions [8][9] - Aftermarket net sales were $246 million, an increase of 7% compared to the same period in 2024 [19] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Total content per unit increased 6% year over year to $5,431 for towable RVs [17] - North American RV wholesale shipments are projected to be in the range of 340,000 to 350,000 for 2025 [8][24] - Utility trailer production remains healthy at around 700,000 units per year [9] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on innovation and efficiency, with plans for 8 to 10 additional facility consolidations in 2026 [14][25] - The total addressable market opportunity is approximately $16 billion, aligned with core manufacturing strengths [10] - The company is exploring divestiture opportunities of approximately $75 million in revenues that are dilutive to the business in 2026 [25] Management Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in sustained future growth driven by innovation and operational improvements [14][25] - The company anticipates continued organic content growth of 3% to 5% annually [25] - Management noted that the RV industry is showing signs of recovery, with a positive outlook for the upcoming quarters [8][24] Other Important Information - The company has returned $215 million to shareholders year to date through share repurchases and dividends [13][23] - A new 600,000-square-foot distribution center has been opened to enhance logistics capabilities [13] - The company has successfully mitigated tariff impacts through strategic sourcing and pricing adjustments [29][30] Q&A Session Summary Question: Can you parse out the improvements in adjusted operating margins? - Management indicated that tariff impacts were mitigated effectively, and volume uplift contributed significantly to margin improvements [29][30] Question: What is the Q4 outlook for revenue and margins? - Management expects mid-teens revenue growth and similar margin improvements year over year [32][34] Question: How is dealer sentiment regarding inventory restocking? - Dealers are cautious about restocking due to low inventories and reduced capacity in the industry [78] Question: What is the impact of tariffs on next year's costs? - Management expects continued mitigation of tariff impacts, assuming no significant changes in global tariffs [71] Question: How is the aftermarket business performing compared to automotive? - The RV aftermarket has shown consistent growth, while the automotive side is experiencing challenges due to competitor issues [61]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company reported third quarter revenue of $38 million, up 31% year over year, with ARR growing 17% year over year to $60 million [3][18] - Achieved positive adjusted EBITDA for the second consecutive quarter and generated positive operating cash flow [3][13] - GAAP gross margins were 35% and non-GAAP gross margins were 47%, reflecting an increasing mix of higher margin software and services [19] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - PowerTrack software revenue grew 11% year over year, while Edge Hardware revenue increased 18% year over year [18] - Managed services revenue decreased year over year due to one-time overperformance in the previous year [18][12] - Recurring base revenue for managed services grew 14% year over year and 4% sequentially [12] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company launched PowerTrack EMS, which is expected to expand the total addressable market by targeting utility-scale and international hybrid projects [6][8] - Bookings were $30 million, down slightly from the previous quarter, primarily due to timing of bookings from battery hardware resales [22] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on driving software and services revenue growth, revamping software development, and reducing cost structure [5][12] - International expansion is a key component of the corporate strategy, with efforts to penetrate European markets and leverage existing teams in Berlin and Japan [16][17] - The strategic transformation has unified the corporate identity under the STEM brand and streamlined the product portfolio [4] Management Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the stability of the business and the ability to meet guidance expectations despite macro headwinds [16] - The company is well-positioned to benefit from projected international load growth and is optimistic about the demand for its products [16][17] - Management noted that customer engagement levels remain strong despite industry uncertainties [36] Other Important Information - The company has refined its full-year 2025 guidance, tightening ranges and raising the low end for software, edge hardware, and services revenue [15][23] - Operating cash flow turned positive at $11 million, a $21 million improvement compared to the same quarter last year [21] Q&A Session Summary Question: Guidance update and outlook - Management clarified that they are still tracking towards the midpoint or high end of all ranges, with the main difference being the de-emphasized hardware resale business [28][29] Question: Gross margin expectations - Management indicated that Q4 may see slight compression in gross margins due to a mix shift with higher sales of battery hardware, but expects to continue improving margins in the long term [30][31] Question: Demand for PowerTrack EMS - Management expressed enthusiasm about PowerTrack EMS and its potential to open new markets, particularly in small utility-scale sites [32] Question: Customer demand and industry outlook - Management reported maintaining momentum in customer engagement and noted that conversations with customers remain unchanged despite industry challenges [36] Question: Path to profitability - Management acknowledged the importance of demonstrating a path to operating income and net income positivity, with more guidance expected in future calls [38][40] Question: Opportunities in hyperscaler data centers - Management is monitoring the data center market for potential shifts towards renewable energy solutions and is open to exploring opportunities in that space [48] Question: Operating expenses outlook - Management indicated that the current cash operating expense trend is a good indication of future performance, with ongoing efforts to manage costs effectively [49][50]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Net sales were approximately $1.3 billion, down 2% year over year, primarily due to macro headwinds in North America [11] - Adjusted EBITDA reached a record $294 million with a margin of 22.8%, marking 12 consecutive quarters of adjusted EBITDA and margin growth year over year [5][6] - Adjusted diluted EPS was $0.67, up 6% compared to the previous year, reflecting robust earnings power and a commitment to returning capital to shareholders [7][11] - Operating cash flow was $137 million, and free cash flow totaled $89 million, with expectations for significant improvement in the fourth quarter [11][12] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Performance Coatings segment net sales declined 6% year over year to $828 million, driven by trends in North America [12] - Mobility Coatings net sales increased 4% to $460 million, with light vehicle net sales up 7% due to growth in Latin America and China [13] - Adjusted EBITDA for the Mobility segment increased 20% year over year to $83 million, with an adjusted EBITDA margin expanding to 18% [14] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Global auto production forecast for 2025 is approximately 91 million builds, a 2% increase from 2024 [5] - The broader macro environment remains challenged, particularly in North America, while industry trends in Europe are more stable [5][11] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company remains focused on achieving its A plan target, with a priority on enhancing profitability and operational excellence [7][10] - The strategy includes disciplined capital allocation, with $100 million in share repurchases executed in Q3 2025, reducing shares outstanding by over 3% since 2023 [6][16] - The company anticipates an improved refinish demand environment in North America in 2026, with expectations for stable light vehicle global production [19][40] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management noted that while the external environment in North America and Europe did not improve as expected, they remain on track to achieve record adjusted EBITDA and EPS for the full year [18][19] - The company expects to continue generating sustainable earnings growth and strong free cash flow, with a projected adjusted diluted EPS of $2.50 for the full year 2025, a 6% increase versus 2024 [18][19] Other Important Information - The company has increased capital expenditures by approximately 50% compared to the third quarter of last year, with plans to repurchase up to $250 million of stock in the fourth quarter [16][18] - The company is well-positioned to capitalize on volume upside once demand rebounds, with a focus on cost discipline and operational improvements [9][19] Q&A Session Summary Question: How would you disaggregate the auto refinish component decline between industry volumes and inventory destocking? - Management indicated that market volumes are down mid to high single digits, with destocking also around that mid single digits number, while new body shop wins have been strong [22][24] Question: Can you provide context on ongoing cost progress and expectations for 2026? - Management highlighted that significant structural cost reductions have been achieved, with expectations for continued improvements in cost efficiency [28][32] Question: What are the expectations for the industrial and commercial vehicle markets in 2026? - Management expects the commercial vehicle market to remain muted, while industrial markets may see slight growth depending on interest rate trends [40][41] Question: What are the internal discussions regarding dividends and capital allocation? - Management noted that share repurchases are currently prioritized due to perceived stock value, with discussions about dividends ongoing [44][46] Question: What are the underlying drivers affecting the refinish business? - Management pointed to stable accident rates and a decline in insurance premiums as positive indicators for the refinish market moving forward [48][50] Question: How are raw material costs and tariffs impacting the business? - Management reported stable raw material costs with expectations for continued stability in the near term, indicating effective management of tariff-related costs [70][72]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Revenue for Q3 2025 was $2.043 billion, representing a year-on-year increase of 0.6% and a sequential increase of approximately 1.3% from Q2 2025 [17][10] - Adjusted EBITDA margin decreased by 20 basis points to 19.4% compared to Q2 2025 [17][10] - Adjusted earnings per share for the quarter was $3.31, a decrease of 1.2% year-over-year but an increase of 1.5% sequentially [18][10] - Free cash flow totaled $334 million for the quarter, bringing the year-to-date total to $687 million [11][19] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Gross business awards totaled $3 billion, up mid-single digits year-over-year, with notable strength in oncology, cardiometabolic disease, and FFP [9][10] - The overall burn rate remained flat at 8.2%, in line with expectations [10][19] - Adjusted gross margin for the quarter was 28.2%, down from 29.5% in Q3 2024 [17][10] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The biotech sector showed a significant increase in RFP flow year-over-year and sequentially, indicating a strong pipeline of actionable opportunities [11][12] - Elevated cancellations totaled $900 million, reflecting a flat trend with Q2 levels, primarily affecting previously awarded studies [11][10] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company aims to accelerate top-line growth, manage costs rigorously, and deploy novel technologies to enhance offerings [14][15] - Focus areas include expanding opportunity flow and win rates in biotech, diversifying revenue streams in large pharma, and increasing market share in mid-sized segments [14][15] - The company plans to invest in AI-enabled technologies and external partnerships to enhance capabilities [15][16] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed optimism about the future, citing a robust opportunity for growth despite recent cancellation levels being a headwind [16][10] - The outlook for 2026 will depend on sustaining positive trends in RFP flow and gross bookings while managing cancellation levels [12][16] - The current market environment is characterized as mixed but encouraging, with signs of improvement in both biotech funding and pharma deal flow [36][10] Other Important Information - The company repurchased $250 million in shares during the quarter, totaling $750 million year-to-date [10][20] - The effective tax rate for the quarter was 16.5%, consistent with expectations for the full year [18][10] Q&A Session Summary Question: Can you provide more insight into the cancellation dynamics? - Management noted that cancellations were in line with projections, primarily affecting studies awarded prior to Q3 that were canceled before enrollment [22][23] Question: What proactive measures are being taken regarding gross margins? - Management acknowledged the impact of increased pass-throughs on margins and emphasized ongoing cost management and technology investments to enhance efficiency [26][27] Question: How is the industry environment evolving, particularly between pharma and biotech? - Management indicated that while the environment remains competitive, there are signs of improvement in biotech funding and pharma deal flow, contributing to increased RFP activity [35][36] Question: What is the outlook for pricing pressure and pass-throughs in 2026? - Management expects pricing pressure to remain a factor, but they are focused on maintaining margins through operational efficiency and technology deployment [42][43] Question: Can you discuss the strength in early-phase work versus late-phase work? - Management confirmed continued strength in early-phase business, with double-digit growth year-over-year [84][10]