中芯国际创始人张汝京曾说，他在自己离开台积电时，台积电董事长告诉他，你敢去大陆，那在台积电 的这么多股票就不能拿了！ 2025 年，满头华发的张汝京现身讲台，面对台下朝气蓬勃的年轻面庞，他身形瘦削却身姿挺拔，尽显 风骨。 外界给这位半导体老兵算过一笔账，怎么算，他这辈子都是在做"亏本买卖"。可在他自己心里的那个账 本上，算盘珠子拨弄的逻辑，却与世俗的精明截然不同。 这第一笔"大额亏损"，记在世纪之交。 那时候，他在德州仪器风头无两，在台积电也是身居要位。动了北上创业的念头后，老东家给他出了一 道残酷的选择题：要去大陆可以，但属于你的天价股票和期权，必须全部清零。 在当时，那是一笔换算下来几辈子都花不完的巨款。 换做常人，大概率要犹豫，甚至退缩。但张汝京几乎没有停顿，大手一挥就划掉了这笔泼天富贵，哪怕 那是他半辈子的积蓄。 对他来说，父亲张锡纶弥留之际那句 "何时回祖国建厂" 的期盼，以及母亲想在故土安度晚年的心愿， 远比任何金钱财富都更有分量。 既然放弃了荣华富贵，前方等待他的本该是鲜花掌声吧？并没有。 他在上海浦东落地时，迎接他的是一片还要跟蚊虫作战的荒滩，以及一道名为《瓦森纳协定》的严密铁 幕。 手里攥着 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the changing dynamics in the semiconductor industry, highlighting the rise of Chinese chip manufacturers and their impact on Western companies, particularly in terms of pricing and market competition. Group 1: Market Dynamics - Western companies have historically dominated the semiconductor industry, controlling pricing and market share due to their technological and capital advantages [1][3] - The emergence of Chinese chip manufacturers has begun to disrupt this dominance, with reports indicating that Chinese firms plan to reduce the price of 28nm chips from $2,500 to $1,500 by 2024 [3][19] Group 2: Competitive Strategies - Chinese companies are not only lowering prices but have also achieved significant advancements in chip manufacturing technology, allowing them to compete effectively with Western firms [12][29] - In response to the competitive threat, Western companies have attempted to implement price controls and technology restrictions to stifle the growth of Chinese firms [10][12] Group 3: Production and Technology - Chinese firms have made strides in achieving self-sufficiency in chip production, moving towards complete domestic control over design, manufacturing, and materials [17][19] - The development of domestic lithography machines has allowed Chinese companies to reduce reliance on foreign suppliers, impacting orders for companies like ASML [23][27] Group 4: Financial Implications - China's semiconductor exports reached $159.5 billion in 2024, marking a significant milestone as it surpassed the trillion yuan mark for the first time [29] - The price reductions by Chinese firms are seen as a strategic move to stimulate market demand while maintaining profitability, albeit at lower margins compared to previous years [31]

Core Insights - The rise of China's semiconductor industry is prompting a significant restructuring of the global chip industry [2] Group 1 - China's chip industry is experiencing rapid growth, which may lead to a shift in the global semiconductor landscape [2] - NVIDIA is set to resume sales of its H20 products in China, indicating a potential thaw in relations and market opportunities [2]

Core Viewpoint - The rapid development of China's chip industry has led to a significant drop in North American chip prices by 66%, creating a challenging situation for Western chip manufacturers [1][3][9] Group 1: Market Dynamics - China has become a global leader in the production of mid-to-low-end chips, surpassing the U.S. in chip output in 2024 [1][3] - The strong supply capacity of Chinese mid-to-low-end chips and their competitive pricing have contributed to the price decline in North America [3][5] - Chinese companies, such as Yangtze Memory Technologies, have successfully captured market share from American firms like Micron and Samsung through aggressive pricing strategies [3][5] Group 2: Impact on Western Companies - The influx of low-priced Chinese chips has pressured U.S. chip manufacturers, leading to significant revenue declines, such as a 96% drop in Wolfspeed's performance over three years and a 41.9% revenue decrease for Microchip Technology in Q4 2024 [5][7] - Many U.S. companies are facing survival challenges, resulting in layoffs and factory closures to cope with the market downturn [5][7] Group 3: Future Outlook - China's dominance in mid-to-low-end chips is expected to continue, as these chips are crucial for various consumer products, including air conditioners and electric vehicles [7][9] - Despite existing gaps in high-end chip technology, China is making strides, with companies like SMIC achieving mass production of 7nm chips [7][9] - The ongoing technological advancements suggest that China may soon break through existing barriers in the high-end chip market, further solidifying its global position [9][11] Group 4: Geopolitical Implications - The U.S. has attempted to counter China's chip rise through tariffs and sanctions, but these measures have not effectively curbed China's growth and have instead led to price drops in the U.S. market [9][11] - The potential for increased tariffs could backfire, leading to higher costs for American companies and further reliance on Chinese chips [7][9]