这是一次可以载入中国载人航天史册的归来，不仅是中国航天员首次通过"换乘"飞船的方式安全返回， 更凝聚着亿万国人的牵挂与祈愿。 勾勒——一气呵成 新华社酒泉11月14日电 题：舟落东风霞色里 画展神州明日春 ——写在神舟二十号航天员乘组天外凯旋 之际 新华社记者李国利、刘艺、黄一宸 当红白相间的降落伞在西北大漠上空骤然绽放，从天而降的神舟二十一号载人飞船返回舱倏然放缓了速 度，缓缓飘落在祖国的怀抱。 2025年11月14日16时40分，原定于11月5日返回的神舟二十号航天员乘组，在历经9个日夜的等待后，终 于平安归来。 2016年10月17日，陈冬随神舟十一号圆梦飞天。遨游太空的33天为中国空间站的建造进行了关键技术验 证。 2022年6月5日，神舟十四号发射成功，陈冬和队员在6个多月的在轨驻留中，迎来问天、梦天实验舱。 中国空间站"T"字基本构型跃然"纸"上。 今年春天，陈冬、陈中瑞、王杰在"东方红一号"发射55载之际，开启第20次神舟问天之旅。此时，中国 载人航天已全面进入空间站应用与发展阶段。 从无人到有人，从舱内到舱外，从短期停留到中长期驻留，从单舱到多舱再到中国空间站……中国载人 航天"三步走"画出一 ...

Core Points - The Shenzhou-20 crew completed a 204-day mission in orbit, marking a significant achievement in China's manned spaceflight capabilities [1][2] - Commander Chen Dong became the first Chinese astronaut to exceed 400 days in total time spent in space and holds the record for the most extravehicular activities by a Chinese astronaut [1][2] Group 1 - The Shenzhou-21 spacecraft successfully landed with astronauts Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui, and Wang Jie on board [1] - Chen Dong expressed pride in the successful completion of the mission, highlighting the resilience of China's space program [1] - The mission included four extravehicular activities and seven payload operations, contributing to the astronauts' cumulative extravehicular activity count of six for Chen Dong [2] Group 2 - The continuous increase in the duration of astronauts' stays in orbit indicates China's advancements in long-term space habitation technologies, including life support and environmental control systems [2] - The Shenzhou-14 mission, led by Chen Dong, included significant milestones such as the completion of the space station's "T" configuration and the first in-orbit crew transfer [2]

Core Points - The successful launch of the Shenzhou 21 manned spacecraft marks a significant milestone in China's space exploration efforts, with three astronauts safely sent to the Tiangong space station [1][2] - This mission is part of China's ongoing commitment to becoming a "space power," as outlined in the 14th Five-Year Plan and the upcoming 15th Five-Year Plan [3][4] Launch Details - The Shenzhou 21 spacecraft was launched on October 31, 2025, at 23:44, using the Long March 2F rocket, which has a near-Earth orbit carrying capacity of approximately 8.6 tons [1][5][6] - This launch is the sixth manned flight during the application and development phase of the space station and the 37th flight mission since the initiation of China's manned space program [1] Historical Context - Since the inception of the manned space program, 28 astronauts have completed 44 missions into space, reflecting China's growing capabilities in space exploration [3][17] - The Long March rocket family has seen a significant increase in launch frequency, with the time taken to reach each milestone of 100 launches decreasing dramatically over the years, indicating advancements in China's space technology [7][8] Future Plans - The upcoming 2024-2050 National Space Science Medium and Long-Term Development Plan aims to further enhance China's space capabilities and research initiatives [12] - The commercial space sector in China is also developing rapidly, completing a full industrial chain from satellite manufacturing to launch services [13][14] Scientific Research - The Shenzhou 21 mission will focus on various scientific experiments, including the effects of microgravity on biological organisms, which could provide insights into human life sciences [21][25] - The space station is expected to conduct research in multiple fields, including microgravity physics, space astronomy, and material science, contributing to technological advancements [25][26] Educational Impact - The space program has inspired a new generation, with initiatives like space lectures reaching students across China, fostering interest in science and technology [27][28] - The collaboration with international partners, including plans to train astronauts from other countries, highlights China's commitment to global cooperation in space exploration [29][30]

Core Points - The article discusses the composition and roles of astronauts in China's space missions, particularly focusing on the Shenzhou 21 mission, which includes three types of astronauts: pilot, flight engineer, and payload specialist [1][6][7]. Group 1: Astronaut Roles and Responsibilities - The Shenzhou 21 crew consists of Zhang Lu as the pilot, Wu Fei as the flight engineer, and Zhang Hongzhang as the payload specialist [7]. - Wu Fei's responsibilities include system maintenance, threat management, and new technology validation for the space station [9]. - Zhang Hongzhang aims to enhance research efficiency in the space station and is involved in various scientific experiments [14][57]. Group 2: Mission Objectives and Scientific Research - The Shenzhou 21 mission will conduct its first mammal space experiment, marking a significant step in China's life sciences research [25]. - The crew will engage in over a hundred scientific experiments across various fields, including microgravity physics and space medicine [57][66]. - Zhang Hongzhang plans to focus on energy storage research, particularly high-energy lithium-ion batteries, during the mission [55][66]. Group 3: Training and Preparation - Zhang Lu emphasizes the importance of rigorous training and teamwork among astronauts of different generations to ensure mission success [26][28]. - Wu Fei reflects on the challenges faced during astronaut selection and training, highlighting the need for perseverance and dedication [44][47]. - Zhang Hongzhang has undergone extensive physical training to prepare for the demands of space travel, improving his fitness significantly [64].

Core Points - Zhang Lu, the commander of the Shenzhou 21 mission, has transitioned from a "newcomer" to a seasoned leader in China's space program, having previously completed the Shenzhou 15 mission successfully [1][2] - The Shenzhou 21 mission is set to launch on October 31, marking another significant milestone for China's space station program [1] - The crew, named "Li Jian 21," aims to embody the spirit of resilience and excellence, with Zhang Lu expressing confidence in their ability to complete the mission successfully [1][3] Group 1 - Zhang Lu's journey from a first-time astronaut to the commander of Shenzhou 21 reflects his dedication and extensive preparation over 12 years [1][2] - The Shenzhou 15 mission allowed Zhang Lu to experience key moments in China's manned spaceflight history, including the first "space rendezvous" and multiple extravehicular activities [2] - Zhang Lu emphasizes the importance of continuous training and improvement, maintaining a rigorous training regimen despite the challenges of aging [2][3] Group 2 - The Shenzhou 21 crew consists of a diverse team with complementary skills, including Zhang Lu's experience, Wu Fei's technical expertise, and Zhang Hongzhang's stability and knowledge [3] - Zhang Lu has conducted extensive research and training to prepare for the unique challenges of the upcoming mission, ensuring he can effectively lead his team [3] - The mission represents a continuation of China's commitment to advancing its space capabilities and conducting scientific experiments in the newly established space station [3]

Core Points - The Shenzhou-21 astronaut crew has been confirmed, consisting of commander Zhang Lu, flight engineer Wu Fei, and payload specialist Zhang Hongzhang [3] Group 1 - The astronaut crew training process is highlighted, with a video available for a quick overview [3]

Core Points - Zhang Lu, the commander of the Shenzhou 21 manned space mission, is set to embark on a new journey into space with two younger teammates, having previously participated in the Shenzhou 15 mission [1][4] - The Shenzhou 21 crew, named "Li Jian," is expected to conduct 3 to 4 extravehicular activities, with extensive underwater training already completed [4][7] Group 1 - Zhang Lu's previous experience in the Shenzhou 15 mission included 186 days in space, during which he formed deep friendships and memorable moments with his crewmates [2][3] - The Shenzhou 15 mission allowed Zhang Lu to gain valuable insights and expectations for future missions, particularly regarding leadership and teamwork [2][4] - Zhang Lu has actively engaged in community outreach, sharing his space experiences with students, emphasizing the importance of inspiring the next generation [3][5] Group 2 - As the commander of Shenzhou 21, Zhang Lu has adopted a more observational and guiding role, focusing on the development of his younger teammates [4][7] - The crew dynamic includes a mix of personalities, with Zhang Lu fostering a strict yet lively training environment, emphasizing teamwork and physical fitness [7][8] - The Shenzhou 21 mission is characterized by a blend of serious training and light-hearted moments, with the crew planning to share musical experiences in space [8]