Core Viewpoint - The successful ignition test of the Long March 10 series rockets marks a significant milestone in China's manned lunar exploration program, following previous successful tests of the crewed spacecraft and lunar lander [2][7]. Group 1: Technical Requirements - The Long March 10 series rockets are designed to meet the high payload capacity requirements for manned lunar missions, specifically needing to deliver at least 27 tons to the translunar trajectory, which current rockets cannot achieve [3]. - Existing rockets like the Long March 2F, Long March 7, and Long March 5 have significantly lower payload capacities when adjusted for translunar missions, highlighting the necessity for a new rocket platform [3]. Group 2: Reliability and Precision - The manned lunar mission requires rockets with enhanced reliability and safety features due to the long mission duration and extreme environments, necessitating advanced designs such as redundancy systems and intelligent fault diagnosis [4]. - High precision in launch and orbital insertion is critical, as two rockets must launch in a strict sequence to ensure successful docking in lunar orbit, demanding high accuracy and flexible launch windows [5]. Group 3: Rocket Specifications - The Long March 10 series includes two configurations: Long March 10, a three-stage rocket with a height of 92.5 meters, and Long March 10A, a two-stage rocket with a height of 67 meters, designed for different mission profiles [7]. - The Long March 10A features a reusable first stage, aimed at optimizing costs and resource utilization for both lunar and space station missions [7].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the function and evolution of the "排焰口" (exhaust ports) on rockets, highlighting their importance in the separation process of multi-stage rockets and the advancements in rocket technology over time [1][3][4]. Group 1: Function of Exhaust Ports - The primary function of the exhaust ports is to release high-temperature and high-pressure gases generated during the ignition of rocket engines during stage separation [1][3]. - Exhaust ports are designed to manage the gas flow and prevent damage to the lower stage of the rocket during the separation process [3]. Group 2: Evolution of Design - Historically, the design of exhaust ports has evolved, initially using rod structures to allow smooth gas discharge, as seen in earlier models like the Long March 2 and Long March 3 series [3]. - With advancements in rocket technology, newer designs have shifted towards smaller or even absent exhaust ports, as demonstrated by the Long March 2F, which adopted a grid hole design, and the Long March 5, 7, and 8, which utilize cold separation methods [3].

刘争是中国运载火箭技术研究院的工艺师。他的工作就是设计研发新技术、新装备，来解决航天零部件加工环节的痛点难点。他所 从事的工作就是人力资源社会保障部认定的新职业——智能制造工程技术人员。 央视网消息：智能制造工程技术人员是2020年被纳入国家职业分类大典的新职业，这位大国工匠就是这个职业的杰出代表。他将新 一代信息技术、人工智能、高端装备制造与航天产业深度融合，加速数控加工技术迭代升级，他就是刚刚获得全国劳动模范荣誉称 号的刘争。 中国航天科技集团一院主任工艺师刘争介绍，长二F火箭，虽然外表没啥变化，但其实一直在升级之中。他们把每一个零部件做到极 致，就是为了确保最后火箭的发射万无一失。 长征二号F运载火箭，这是我国唯一现役载人运载火箭。安全性评估值达到0.99996的极限指标，以百分之百的发射成功率成为全球 最安全的载人火箭。 刘争介绍，他们可以根据产品整体工艺需求，通盘考虑设计数控机床，使制造的工艺性更好、成本更低、效率更高。 火箭的舱体是火箭最重要的部件之一，为了尽可能的多装燃料，火箭自身的重量就要足够地轻。因此，火箭薄壁的精准加工一直以 来都是一个制约火箭生产效率和精度的难题。 2005年，手握清华大 ...

新京报讯（记者张建林）4月24日，长征二号F运载火箭在酒泉卫星发射中心腾空而起，将神舟二十号 载人飞船精准送入预定轨道。作为中国唯一现役载人运载火箭，目前，长二F火箭可靠性评估值提升至 0.9905，安全性评估值达0.99996。 长二F火箭的零部件数量多达几十万个，远超普通火箭，但其国产化率也一直在攀升。陈牧野介绍，在 产品筛选方面，每一批原材料和元器件入厂后，火箭研制团队需进行数据包络分析，其性能指标必须处 于历史成功数据编织的"安全包络线"之内，稍有偏离即被淘汰。 "通过优中选优的方式为载人火箭选择质量更高的产品。在长二F火箭的设计体系里，关键参数必须预留 20%安全余量。"陈牧野表示，产品筛选时，工程师会主动"掐头去尾"，仅保留性能数据集中在80%区间 的产品。现役常规火箭芯级和助推器的对应部段总体而言大同小异，可在通用的产品中选择质量更优的 部分供应载人火箭，构成长二F火箭高可靠性的基础。 长二F火箭被誉为航天员的"生命守护者"。记者从中国航天科技（000901）集团有限公司所属中国运载 火箭技术研究院（以下简称"火箭院"）获悉，作为载人火箭，长二F火箭自诞生之初，就被注入了"安全 基因"。 据了解 ...