作者丨郭聪聪 张欣 编辑丨周炎炎 站在2025年末回望，中国中小银行兼并重组浪潮以超预期的力度与速度纵深推进，金融风 险防控与行业高质量发展的成为本年度的核心主线。 企业预警通数据显示， 截至12月26日，2025年共有394家银行机构获批复通过合并、解散 方式退出市场。21世纪经济报道记者进一步梳理发现，纵向对比来看，这一数量较2024年 全年总量实现翻倍。中金报告显示，若将时间线拉长，2024至2025两年间，通过兼并重组 等方式减少的银行机构近550家，数量超过了此前七年的总和。 从横向观察，本次整合涉及全国28个省份，不同区域与机构类型整合路径各有特点。从地 域看，内蒙古以整合139家机构居首，山东、河南、四川、湖南等地紧随其后。从机构类型 看，村镇银行（231家）是整合核心主体，农商行（81家）和农村信用社（71家）紧随其 后。 值得关注的是，2025年的中小银行整合并非简单的数量收缩，更呈现出两大显著特征： 一 是国有大行首次入局参与"村改支"，为基层小法人机构转型提供了新参考。同时，国有大 行还首次参与收购了城商行；二是农信系统省级法人改革全面提速，形成联合银行与统一法 人农商行两大模式并行的格 ...

21世纪经济报道 记者郭聪聪 张欣 站在2025年末回望，中国中小银行兼并重组浪潮以超预期的力度与速度纵深推进，金融风险防控与行业 高质量发展的成为本年度的核心主线。 企业预警通数据显示，截至12月26日，2025年共有394家银行机构获批复通过合并、解散方式退出市 场。21世纪经济报道记者进一步梳理发现，纵向对比来看，这一数量较2024年全年总量实现翻倍。中金 报告显示，若将时间线拉长，2024至2025两年间，通过兼并重组等方式减少的银行机构近550家，数量 超过了此前七年的总和。 从横向观察，本次整合涉及全国28个省份，不同区域与机构类型整合路径各有特点。从地域看，内蒙古 以整合139家机构居首，山东、河南、四川、湖南等地紧随其后。从机构类型看，村镇银行（231家）是 整合核心主体，农商行（81家）和农村信用社（71家）紧随其后。 值得关注的是，2025年的中小银行整合并非简单的数量收缩，更呈现出两大显著特征：一是国有大行首 次入局参与"村改支"，为基层小法人机构转型提供了新参考。同时，国有大行还首次参与收购了城商 行；二是农信系统省级法人改革全面提速，形成联合银行与统一法人农商行两大模式并行的格局。 ...

21世纪经济报道 记者郭聪聪 张欣 站在2025年末回望，中国中小银行兼并重组浪潮以超预期的力度与速度纵深推进，金融风险防控与行业高质量发展的成为本年度的核心主线。 企业预警通数据显示，截至12月26日，2025年共有394家银行机构获批复通过合并、解散方式退出市场。21世纪经济报道记者进一步梳理发现，纵向对比来 看，这一数量较2024年全年总量实现翻倍。中金报告显示，若将时间线拉长，2024至2025两年间，通过兼并重组等方式减少的银行机构近550家，数量超过 了此前七年的总和。 从横向观察，本次整合涉及全国28个省份，不同区域与机构类型整合路径各有特点。从地域看，内蒙古以整合139家机构居首，山东、河南、四川、湖南等 地紧随其后。从机构类型看，村镇银行（231家）是整合核心主体，农商行（81家）和农村信用社（71家）紧随其后。 值得关注的是，2025年的中小银行整合并非简单的数量收缩，更呈现出两大显著特征：一是国有大行首次入局参与"村改支"，为基层小法人机构转型提供了 新参考。同时，国有大行还首次参与收购了城商行；二是农信系统省级法人改革全面提速，形成联合银行与统一法人农商行两大模式并行的格局。 这不是一 ...

Core Viewpoint - Guizhou Rural Commercial Bank has officially been established with a registered capital of 10.458 billion yuan, marking a significant step in the reform of rural financial institutions in Guizhou province [2][3]. Group 1: Establishment and Capital Structure - The bank's registered capital is 10.458 billion yuan, with 12 founding shareholders [3]. - The largest shareholder is the Guizhou Provincial Finance Department, contributing 1.572 billion yuan, holding a 15.032% stake [5]. - Guizhou Financial Holding Group is the second largest shareholder with an investment of 6.886 billion yuan, representing a 65.844% stake [5]. - The third largest shareholder is Kweichow Moutai Group, which invested 1 billion yuan for a 9.562% stake, alongside Qiansheng State-owned Assets Management, which also holds a 9.562% stake [5]. Group 2: Management Structure - The bank's board and executive team have been approved, with Yang Song as the chairman and Yang Hongjun as the president [5]. - The executive team consists of four vice presidents: Li Li, Zhang Jinlu, Chen Jie, and Feng Wanhua, all of whom have transitioned from the Guizhou Provincial Association [5]. Group 3: Regulatory Approval and Operational Timeline - The approval document was dated December 9, 2025, and the bank is required to commence operations within six months of obtaining its business license [6]. - The establishment of Guizhou Rural Commercial Bank is part of a broader reform initiative that has been included in the Guizhou provincial government work report for three consecutive years [6]. Group 4: Ongoing Reforms in Rural Financial Institutions - The establishment of city-level unified legal person rural commercial banks is progressing in various regions of Guizhou, including Guiyang, Liupanshui, and Bijie [10]. - The Guizhou rural credit system comprises 84 rural commercial banks and has seen deposits exceed 922.9 billion yuan and loans surpass 709.5 billion yuan [7]. - The central economic work conference emphasized the need to deepen reforms in small and medium-sized financial institutions, which aligns with the ongoing restructuring efforts in Guizhou [7]. Group 5: Future Prospects and Strategic Importance - The formation of city-level rural commercial banks is viewed as an innovative measure to optimize management systems and enhance capital strength [9]. - This strategy aims to ensure the sustainability of rural financial institutions, thereby improving their ability to serve rural areas effectively [9].

Core Viewpoint - The acceleration of mergers and dissolutions among small and medium-sized banks in China indicates a significant industry consolidation trend, primarily driven by risk prevention and resolution efforts [1][2][3]. Group 1: Industry Trends - Over 300 banks have exited the market through dissolution, merger, or cancellation as of October 15, 2025, with a notable increase in the number of exits compared to the previous year [1][2]. - The number of small and medium-sized banks merging or dissolving in the first three quarters of this year has already surpassed the total of 198 exits in the entire previous year [1]. - The trend aligns with the policy direction to expedite the resolution of high-risk small financial institutions, with a focus on improving the quality and efficiency of local banking [2][3]. Group 2: Mergers and Acquisitions - The types of institutions initiating mergers with village banks have expanded from city commercial banks and rural commercial banks to include joint-stock banks and state-owned banks [2][3]. - Major state-owned banks, such as Agricultural Bank of China and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, have actively participated in the acquisition of village banks, signaling a proactive approach to risk resolution [3][4]. - The integration of village banks into larger banking institutions is seen as a way to enhance financial stability and drive reform within the banking sector [3][4]. Group 3: Challenges and Considerations - The integration process faces challenges such as business consolidation, asset disposal, and personnel arrangements, which are critical for ensuring stability and continuity in services [6][9]. - The merging banks must manage the complexities of asset recognition and debt allocation, particularly concerning non-performing assets from the acquired banks [6][7]. - The potential for increased operational costs and inefficiencies post-merger is a concern, as differing corporate cultures and operational philosophies may lead to friction [10][11]. Group 4: Future Strategies for Local Banks - Local banks are encouraged to optimize their business structures and pursue differentiated operations to establish competitive advantages against larger banks [11][12]. - Emphasizing local characteristics and enhancing digital transformation are essential strategies for local banks to thrive in a competitive environment [11][12]. - Building specialized teams for inclusive finance and leveraging digital platforms can help local banks improve service efficiency and customer engagement [11][12].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the accelerated pace of mergers and restructurings among small and medium-sized banks in China, indicating a significant trend towards industry consolidation and risk mitigation [1][5][6]. Summary by Sections Mergers and Exits - As of October 15, 2025, over 300 banks have exited the market through dissolution, mergers, or cancellations, with more than 180 banks dissolved and 135 merged in the current year alone [3][5]. - The number of small and medium-sized banks exiting the market in the first three quarters of this year has already surpassed the total of 198 for the entire previous year [1][3]. Risk Mitigation and Policy Direction - The trend aligns with the policy directive to accelerate the disposal of high-risk small financial institutions, as emphasized by the Financial Regulatory Bureau [5][6]. - The focus is on preventing and mitigating financial risks, with many provinces achieving a "dynamic zero" for high-risk small institutions [6]. Role of Large State-Owned Banks - Large state-owned banks are increasingly involved in the consolidation of village banks, with notable acquisitions by major banks like ICBC and Agricultural Bank of China [6][7]. - The participation of these large banks is seen as a positive signal for accelerating risk mitigation and enhancing financial stability [6][7]. Quality Over Quantity - The ongoing consolidation is shifting the banking industry from a focus on quantity to a focus on quality, promoting sustainable development [7][10]. - The integration of local banks is not just about reducing numbers but also about improving operational quality and efficiency [7][10]. Challenges in Mergers - Key challenges in the merger process include business integration, asset disposal, and personnel arrangements, which are critical for ensuring stability and continuity [9][10]. - The integration of assets and liabilities, particularly concerning non-performing loans, is a significant concern for acquiring banks [11][12]. Future Strategies for Local Banks - Local banks are encouraged to pivot from a growth-at-all-costs mentality to a value-creation approach, focusing on local economic ties and differentiated services [15][16]. - Emphasis is placed on digital transformation and the establishment of specialized teams to enhance service delivery and avoid homogenization in competition [15][16].

Core Viewpoint - The recent approval for Zhongyuan Bank to absorb and merge with three other banks marks a significant development in the banking sector, highlighting the trend of consolidation among small and medium-sized banks in China [1][2]. Group 1: Merger and Acquisition Details - Zhongyuan Bank has received approval from the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission to absorb and merge with Luoyang Bank, Pingdingshan Bank, and Jiaozuo Zhonglv Bank, taking on all their assets, liabilities, businesses, institutions, and employees [1]. - Post-merger, Zhongyuan Bank's total assets will exceed 1.2 trillion yuan, elevating its ranking among city commercial banks from 11th to 7th [1]. Group 2: Industry Trends - The pace of mergers and acquisitions among small and medium-sized banks has accelerated, with several banks like Sichuan Bank, Shanxi Bank, and Liaoshen Bank undergoing restructuring since 2020 [1]. - Regulatory encouragement has been a driving force behind these mergers, with the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission advocating for quality banks and compliant institutions to participate in the consolidation of smaller banks [1]. Group 3: Benefits of Mergers - Mergers are expected to enhance banks' strength and risk resilience, as larger asset sizes correlate with better risk management capabilities [2]. - The consolidation allows banks to expand their business coverage and strengthen their core operations, particularly for profitable city and rural commercial banks seeking to invest in weaker regional banks [2]. Group 4: Performance Metrics - Zhongyuan Bank reported a revenue of 19.283 billion yuan in 2021, with a year-on-year growth of 0.8%, and a net profit of 3.565 billion yuan, growing by 8% [2]. - The bank's non-performing loan ratio stood at 2.18%, a slight decrease from the beginning of 2021, with new loan defaults maintained below 1% [2]. Group 5: Considerations for Future Mergers - Evaluating a bank's quality and risk resilience should consider not only asset size but also profitability and asset quality [3]. - Local governments should approach mergers cautiously, ensuring thorough understanding of internal equity structures and compliance to prevent potential risks during the consolidation process [3].

Core Viewpoint - The recent approval by the Shandong Regulatory Bureau of the National Financial Supervision Administration for the dissolution of seven village banks indicates a trend of consolidation and restructuring within the small and medium-sized banking sector in Shandong province [1][5]. Group 1: Bank Dissolutions - Seven village banks, including those with the "Yuanrong" name, have been approved for dissolution, with their assets, liabilities, and rights being transferred to corresponding banks [1]. - Among the dissolved banks, four are affiliated with Shandong Shouguang Rural Commercial Bank, which has a registered capital of 1.845 billion yuan [1]. Group 2: Shareholding Structure - Shandong Shouguang Rural Commercial Bank holds significant stakes in the dissolved banks, with ownership percentages of 41% in Wucheng Yuanrong Village Bank, 49.75% in Lingcheng Yuanrong Village Bank, 41% in Leling Yuanrong Village Bank, and 40% in Shandong Licheng Yuanrong Village Bank [4]. - The bank is the largest shareholder of Shandong Shouguang Jin Xin Investment Development Holding Group Co., Ltd., with a holding ratio of 7.55% [3]. Group 3: Industry Trends - The first half of the year saw a surge in merger and restructuring plans for small and medium-sized banks in Shandong, with multiple approvals for bank dissolutions and mergers [5]. - The trend of consolidation is part of a broader national movement aimed at reforming and managing risks in small financial institutions, as emphasized in recent regulatory meetings and government reports [6].

Industry Insights - Several rural commercial banks have lowered their 5-year deposit rates below those of major state-owned banks, with the lowest rate dropping to 1.20%, compared to 1.30% from major banks [1] - The phenomenon of "storing for 5 years is worse than storing for 1 year" has become common among small and medium-sized banks, indicating a strategic shift to attract short-term funds during a declining interest rate cycle [1] Bank Consolidation - The pace of mergers and dissolutions among small and medium-sized banks has accelerated, with 184 banks approved for merger or dissolution in the first five months of this year [2] - It is projected that the number of banks may decrease from a peak of 4,600 to around 3,000 by 2025, reflecting a shift from quantity to quality in the banking sector [2] Auto Loan Policies - Some branches of major state-owned banks have halted the "high interest, high return" auto loan policies starting June 1, following earlier notifications from local financial regulatory authorities [3] - This policy change is not new, as it was initially announced by the Chongqing Financial Regulatory Bureau in January [3] Financial Instruments - The issuance of technology innovation bonds has surpassed 200 billion yuan, with banks being the primary issuers, accounting for over half of the total issuance [4] Corporate Developments - Citic Bank has received approval to establish a financial asset investment company, becoming the second joint-stock bank to do so after Industrial Bank [5] - Citigroup announced a reduction of approximately 3,500 technical staff at its global technology solutions centers in Shanghai and Dalian as part of its global simplification efforts [6] Personnel Changes - Wang Dajun has been appointed as a member of the Agricultural Bank of China's Party Committee and will oversee corporate and technology sectors [7] - The Beijing Banking Regulatory Bureau has approved Dai Wei's appointment as the director and president of Beijing Bank [8] - Inner Mongolia Bank has appointed Hong Shaoping as the new Party Secretary and Chairman [9]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that the restructuring and merger of small and medium-sized banks in China is accelerating, particularly with village and town banks being absorbed and converted into branches of larger banks [1][4] - Hubei Jingmen Rural Commercial Bank plans to hold a shareholders' meeting on June 19 to discuss the absorption and merger of its only village bank, indicating a trend among banks to consolidate resources [3] - Shunde Rural Commercial Bank and Jiangmen Rural Commercial Bank are also taking steps to absorb village banks, aiming to enhance their competitive position in the regional financial market [3][4] Group 2 - Listed banks like Jiangsu Bank and Wuxi Rural Commercial Bank are actively pursuing mergers with village banks, reflecting a broader industry trend towards consolidation [4] - The regulatory framework supports the acceleration of reforms in small financial institutions, emphasizing risk management and restructuring as key objectives [4] - Experts suggest that converting village banks into branches of larger banks can improve service capabilities and risk management, leading to a reduction in the number of village banks over time [5]