What China will dominate next 这个国家的高速创新为世界提供了经验 插图：皮特·瑞安 2025年11月29日 那些担忧如何应对中国技术领先地位的人——这样的人不在少数——一直在认真关注电动汽车、太阳能电池板和开源人工智能。对于这些人来 说，我们有个坏消息。本周我们将报道中国如何在另外两项前沿技术—— 自动驾驶汽车和新药——中迅速推进。随着这些产业走向全球，它们 将彰显中国创新的力量。 中国在这两个重要领域的进展令人震惊。自动驾驶出租车革命正在加速推进，可能会重塑交通、物流和城市日常生活。 中国的自动驾驶出租车 制造成本仅为美国Waymo的三分之一，已累计行驶数百万公里，并正在欧洲和中东建立合作关系。 与此同时，在医药领域，中国已从仿制药的 仿制者转变为全球第二大新药研发国，包括抗癌药物在内。西方竞争对手正纷纷授权使用中国企业的产品。中国诞生制药巨头的那一天，似乎已 不再遥远。 这两个产业的崛起充分说明了中国创新的运作方式。深厚的人才储备、广泛的制造业基础和庞大的规模共同推动其迅速向价值链上游攀升。自动 驾驶出租车的生产借助了电动汽车的大规模制造，以及在激光雷达和其他自动驾驶所需传感 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses China's rapid rise in the fields of autonomous vehicles and pharmaceutical innovation, highlighting the complex emotions in the West regarding China's technological advancements [1][3][4]. Group 1: Autonomous Vehicles - China is emerging as a leader in autonomous vehicle technology, with manufacturing costs for autonomous taxis being one-third of those of US-based Waymo, and has accumulated millions of kilometers in driving experience [1][4]. - Over 50 cities in China have initiated pilot projects for autonomous taxis, supported by local governments that provide cheap credit and infrastructure for sensor technology [4][6]. - The competitive landscape in China is intense, with many companies facing challenges, but the survivors are expected to become strong export champions [4][6]. Group 2: Pharmaceutical Innovation - China has transitioned from a generic drug manufacturing hub to the world's second-largest innovator in drug development, with a focus on various categories including anti-cancer drugs [1][4]. - The number of clinical trials conducted by Chinese companies accounts for one-third of the global total, with significant reductions in approval times for new drugs [4][6]. - The article suggests that China's low-cost innovation in pharmaceuticals could benefit developing countries, while also eyeing the lucrative US market, which accounts for 70% of global pharmaceutical profits [6][8]. Group 3: Regulatory Environment and Innovation - China's flexible regulatory environment has been a key factor in its innovation success, with rapid reforms in drug approval processes and clinical trial regulations [4][7]. - The article argues that Western countries should reassess their innovation models, as their regulatory frameworks may hinder technological advancement compared to China's agile approach [7][8]. - The competition between China and the West could lead to a hollowing out of industries in Western economies if protectionist measures are implemented without valid concerns [6][8].