说到结冰，还有人认为，只有气温低于0℃才会结冰，这也是常见的认知偏差。 每到冬天，低温雨雪冰冻天气常导致路面结冰、出行受阻。在应对这类天气时，不少人存在认知误区，比如将冻雨等同于雪的一种等等。这些错误认知可能 影响避险效率，甚至引发意外。 0:00 降水形态复杂多样，是低温雨雪冰冻天气常见的特征之一，每当冻雨和雪一起出现，难免让人混淆。冻雨和雪虽然都是冬季降水，但形成过程和形态却不一 样。 雪是高空云层中的水汽直接凝华成的冰晶，落到地面时还是疏松的固体； 冻雨是过冷却水滴，从高空落下时温度低于 0℃，一旦碰到电线、树枝、地面等物体，会立刻冻结成光滑的冰层，引起电网覆冰、道路积冰等。 国家预警信息发布中心副首席 杨继国：天气预报中的"气温"指的是距地面1.5米高的百叶箱中测得的空气的温度，而非物体表面的实际温度。物体表面温度 会受到辐射冷却、风寒效应、物体材质等多重因素影响，往往与气温存在差异。例如在冻雨天气过程中，近地面气温可能在0℃以上，但道路、桥梁、电线 等物体受到辐射冷却影响，表面温度可能会降至0℃以下。此时，过冷水滴落下会立即在这些物体表面冻结成冰。 此外，低温雨雪冰冻灾害并非单一天气现象，而是寒潮、 ...

南北气温陆续触底 20个大城市气温创新低 本轮寒潮的降温强度尤为显著。气象卫星监测显示，寒潮影响期间，除海南以外，全国大部地区日平均气温下降6℃至10℃，宁夏南部、 贵州东部、湖南中南部、江西中部、广西北部等地降温幅度达12℃至20℃，哈尔滨、合肥、武汉、南京等20个城市气温创入冬以来新低，剧烈 降温覆盖面积约130万平方公里。 国家气象信息中心数据应用室高级工程师 邓梓昭：1月17日至21日，我国遭遇大范围寒潮天气。降温幅度最大值出现在甘肃古浪国家基本 站，而此轮天气过程中，降温排名前二十的气象观测站点则主要分布在我国西北、华北、江淮、江南等地区。低温纪录方面，新疆青河国家基 准站、内蒙古陈巴尔虎旗国家基本站，监测到的最低气温达到零下41.3℃。低温呈现持续时间长且覆盖范围广的特点。 央视网消息：本周，我国遭遇大范围强寒潮天气过程。内蒙古、新疆等部分地区出现零下40℃以下极寒低温，贵州、湖南等地出现冻雨。 中国气象局国家预警信息发布中心统计显示，寒潮期间，全国各级气象部门共发布道路结冰、大风、暴雪等各类预警超7000条。目前，寒潮影 响基本结束，这次雨雪冰冻天气范围有多广？哪些地方气温创新低？我们一起来看气 ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the severe cold wave and its impact on Hunan province, highlighting the complex weather conditions including low temperatures, rain, and ice starting from January 19 [1] - Hunan's meteorological department implemented a comprehensive response strategy, emphasizing "intensification, rolling, and precision" in monitoring, forecasting, and emergency services [1] - A three-level emergency response was activated on January 19, with multiple cities also initiating their responses, alongside the issuance of orange and yellow weather warnings [1] Group 2 - The Changde meteorological bureau established a collaborative system focusing on sectors such as transportation, agriculture, and insurance, particularly enhancing services for electricity supply during the cold wave [2] - The agricultural meteorological disaster risk warnings specifically addressed risks like oilseed rape frost damage, and the meteorological department collaborated with insurance agencies to inform insured farmers about preventive measures [2]

Core Viewpoint - A significant cold wave is impacting Hunan Province, with forecasts indicating severe weather conditions including freezing rain, sleet, and snow from January 19 to 22, leading to high disaster risk across various sectors [1] Weather Impact - The cold wave is expected to bring strong winds with gusts reaching 7 to 9 levels in certain areas, and temperatures dropping to between -4 to 0 degrees Celsius [1] - The weather event will affect transportation, power communication, energy supply, urban operations, agricultural production, and public health, indicating a broad and severe impact [1] Emergency Response - Hunan Province's emergency committee has activated a level four emergency response for low-temperature rain and snow disasters starting from January 19 at 16:00 [1] - The Hunan Meteorological Bureau initiated a level three emergency response for low-temperature rain and snow at 7:00 on January 19 [1] - Changsha Meteorological Bureau also activated a level three emergency response for meteorological disasters related to low-temperature rain and snow at 10:00 on January 19 [1]

Core Viewpoint - The National Disaster Reduction and Relief Committee has initiated a Level 4 emergency response for low-temperature rain, snow, and ice disasters in four provinces: Anhui, Henan, Hunan, and Guizhou, due to an expected widespread weather event from January 18 to 21 [1] Group 1: Emergency Response - The emergency response is triggered by a significant weather event affecting the central and eastern regions of China, with a large range of rain and snow expected [1] - The response aims to ensure safety, maintain transportation, ensure power supply, safeguard livelihoods, and maintain stability [1] - The committee emphasizes the need for improved coordination among disaster prevention and relief agencies, focusing on key sectors such as transportation, electricity, communication, and public welfare [1] Group 2: Preparedness Measures - There is a call for strengthening rescue teams, materials, and equipment deployment in preparation for the adverse weather conditions [1] - Timely actions for snow and ice removal, as well as emergency repairs, are highlighted as critical to managing sudden disaster situations [1] - The goal is to prevent casualties and significant property losses during this weather event [1]

Core Viewpoint - A significant cold wave and snowstorm are expected to impact central and eastern China from January 18 to 21, with temperatures dropping sharply and widespread rain and snow forecasted [4][9]. Weather Forecast - The Central Meteorological Administration predicts that the cold wave will bring strong temperature drops, with some cities experiencing declines of over 20°C [4]. - The snowstorm is expected to be extensive, with heavy snowfall concentrated in regions such as southeastern Shaanxi, southern Shanxi, and parts of Henan and Hubei from January 19 to 20 [5][6]. - The maximum ice thickness during this weather event could reach 5 to 8 millimeters, with some mountainous areas exceeding 10 millimeters [7]. Emergency Response - The National Disaster Reduction Committee has initiated a Level 4 emergency response for low-temperature rain and snow disasters in Anhui, Henan, Hunan, and Guizhou [9][10]. - Authorities are focusing on ensuring safety, maintaining transportation, and providing power supply, while also preparing for emergency rescue operations [10]. Health Precautions - Health experts warn that low temperatures can exacerbate respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, particularly among vulnerable populations [11]. - Recommendations include keeping warm, avoiding prolonged exposure to cold, and ensuring safe outdoor practices to prevent falls and injuries [11].

Core Viewpoint - The Central Meteorological Administration has issued multiple weather warnings, including a blue snow warning, yellow cold wave warning, and yellow freezing rain warning, indicating significant weather events affecting various regions in China from January 18 to January 21 [1][4][10]. Group 1: Weather Warnings - A blue snow warning predicts heavy snow in parts of southern Shaanxi, central and southern Henan, northern Anhui, and northwestern Hubei, with snowfall accumulation of 4 to 8 centimeters, and localized areas exceeding 10 centimeters [1]. - A yellow cold wave warning forecasts a temperature drop of 6°C to 12°C across central and eastern China, with some areas experiencing drops of 12°C to 14°C, and localized drops exceeding 16°C [4]. - A yellow freezing rain warning indicates the possibility of freezing rain or ice pellets in southeastern Henan, western Anhui, and parts of Hubei, Shaanxi, and northern Chongqing, with freezing rain amounts ranging from 1 to 3 millimeters, and localized areas reaching 8 millimeters [10]. Group 2: Defense Guidelines - Government and relevant departments are advised to prepare for snow disasters and freezing damage, including maintenance of transportation, electricity, and communication infrastructure [3][9]. - Individuals are urged to dress warmly, take care of vulnerable populations, and implement protective measures for livestock, crops, and other agricultural products [9][12]. - Emergency response measures have been initiated in response to the severe weather, focusing on ensuring safety, maintaining transportation, and providing essential services [13].

Summary of Key Points Core Viewpoint - A significant cold wave is affecting central and eastern China, leading to a drop in temperatures and widespread rain and snow, prompting emergency responses and school closures in several provinces [1][5][7]. Weather Warnings - The Central Meteorological Observatory issued a yellow cold wave warning, predicting temperature drops of 6-12°C across central and eastern regions from January 18 to 21, with some areas experiencing drops of 12-16°C or more [1][3]. - A blue snowstorm warning was also issued, forecasting heavy snowfall in parts of Shaanxi, Henan, Anhui, and Hubei, with snow accumulation expected to reach 4-10 cm in some areas [2][3]. Emergency Responses - The National Disaster Reduction Committee activated a Level 4 emergency response for low-temperature rain and snow disasters in Anhui, Henan, Hunan, and Guizhou due to the high risk of cold weather impacts [5][6]. - Multiple provinces, including Anhui and Henan, have announced school closures in response to the severe weather conditions [5][7][8]. School Closures - In Anhui, schools at various levels are closed on January 19 due to anticipated snowfall, with local authorities given discretion to adjust schedules based on real-time weather conditions [5][7]. - In Henan, cities such as Zhoukou, Zhumadian, and Luohe have also issued full-day school closures on January 19, with adjustments for high schools based on weather [7][8].

Core Viewpoint - A significant cold wave is impacting various regions in China, leading to a drop in temperatures and the issuance of multiple weather warnings, including snow and ice alerts, prompting school closures in affected areas [1][2][3][5][7]. Weather Warnings - The Central Meteorological Administration issued a yellow cold wave warning, predicting a temperature drop of 6-12°C across central and eastern China from January 18 to 21, with some areas experiencing drops of 12-14°C and localized drops exceeding 16°C [2]. - A blue snow warning was also issued, forecasting heavy snowfall in parts of Shaanxi, Henan, Anhui, and Hubei, with snow accumulation expected to reach 4-8 cm, and localized areas exceeding 10 cm [3]. - An ice warning was issued, indicating freezing rain in regions including southern Henan, western Hubei, and parts of Guizhou and Chongqing, with expected ice accumulation of 1-3 mm, and up to 8 mm in mountainous areas [5]. Emergency Responses - The National Disaster Reduction and Relief Committee initiated a level four emergency response for low-temperature rain and snow disasters in Anhui, Henan, Hunan, and Guizhou due to the extensive impact and high risk of disasters [7]. - Multiple provinces, including Anhui and Henan, have announced school closures in response to the severe weather conditions, with specific measures taken in various cities to ensure student safety [7][8][9].

Core Viewpoint - A significant cold wave is impacting various regions in China, leading to a drop in temperatures and the issuance of multiple weather warnings, including snow and ice alerts, prompting school closures in several provinces [1][2][3][5][7]. Weather Warnings - The Central Meteorological Observatory issued a yellow cold wave warning, forecasting a temperature drop of 6-12°C across central and eastern China from January 18 to 21, with some areas experiencing drops of 12-14°C and localized drops exceeding 16°C [2]. - A blue snow warning was also issued, predicting heavy snowfall in parts of Shaanxi, Henan, Anhui, and Hubei, with snow accumulation of 4-8 cm in some areas, and over 10 cm in localized regions [3]. - An ice warning was issued, indicating freezing rain in parts of Henan, Hubei, and other provinces, with expected ice accumulation of 1-3 mm, and up to 8 mm in mountainous areas [5]. Emergency Response - The National Disaster Reduction Committee initiated a level four emergency response for low-temperature rain and snow disasters in Anhui, Henan, Hunan, and Guizhou due to the extensive impact and high risk of ice-related disasters [7]. School Closures - Multiple provinces, including Anhui, Henan, and Jiangsu, have announced school closures due to the severe weather conditions. For instance, schools in Xu Zhou, Jiangsu, will be closed for two days from January 19 to 20 due to expected heavy snow and severe freezing [8][12][16]. - Specific cities like Zhoukou and Zhumadian in Henan have also issued full-day closures for all educational institutions on January 19, with adjustments for high schools based on real-time weather conditions [12][14][15].