Core Viewpoint - The recent joint directive from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Supreme People's Court aims to enhance the supervision and management of social pension insurance contributions, sparking widespread public discussion on the challenges of aging and pension systems in China [6]. Group 1: Reasons for Strengthening Social Security Measures - The current pension system in China is primarily based on a "defined benefit pay-as-you-go" model, which has strong characteristics of a planned economy and mainly covers employees of state-owned enterprises, public institutions, and collective enterprises [6]. - The directive reflects a need to address the sustainability of the pension system amid demographic changes and increasing life expectancy [6]. Group 2: Potential Solutions to Pension Challenges - In addition to relying on national social security, there is a suggestion to increase personal commercial pension insurance and annuities to reduce dependency on social security [5].

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