以下文章来源于新周刊 ，作者刘车仔 新周刊 . 中国最新锐的生活方式周刊。 为了让身在农村的父母能够领上一份足够养老的退休金，年轻人们使出了浑身解数，研究当地政策、计算补缴方案、与父母和兄弟姐妹达成共识……一位农村老人每月几百上千 元的养老金，往往也让一个家庭背后的亲情和经济纠葛显现出来。 文 ｜ 刘车仔 编辑 ｜ 陆一鸣 来源｜ 新周刊（ID：new-weekly） 封面来源 ｜ 视觉中国 "你离得这么远，我们老了怎么办？"最近几年，母亲打电话给我，总会提及"老了"的问题，想到多年前我刚工作，他们的态度总体还是"放心，我们老了不 用你们养"，突然的转变当然来源于年纪渐长，以及由此带来的对经济状况预期的变化。 50岁之后，"老后的问题"就和他们头上的白发一样同时爬了上来。年轻的时候，他们像许多农村人口一样，没有稳定的就业，两个人中，只有我妈妈零散地 缴过几年社保。好几次，爸爸发来消息，让我帮忙查查母亲的社保到底还要不要继续交。我才发现，此前自己对各种类型的社会保险一无所知，而这也是青 年一代的普遍状况。 对于30岁左右的年轻人来说，父母正在老去，养老问题开始变得迫切起来。从2010年起，全国各地允许参保人补缴 ...

以下文章来源于中国金融四十人论坛 ，作者蔡昉 中国金融四十人论坛 . 聚焦金融热点，速递论坛动态，独家发布论坛课题成果，连载书系新书、好书。 文/ 中国金融四十人论坛（CF40）学术委员会主席、中国社会科学院国家高端智 库首席专家 蔡昉 当前养老保险再次成为重点关注问题。首先需要清楚， 影响社保可持续 性的三大因素为人口、劳动力市场与劳动生产率 ，分解来看，老龄化与 高龄化趋势不可逆转，劳动力市场存在结构性就业矛盾、非正规化趋势、 岗位破坏与人工智能冲击。但是，人工智能同时提升了劳动生产率的增长 潜力，未来要完善社会保障，并不缺物质财富，而是缺少制度安排。 现在养老保险再次成为重点关注问题，固然有老龄化加剧、经济增长减速、企业遭遇困难等原因，这些既是全球问题也有中国表现，尤其是中国的 老龄化、少子化导致抚养比明显上升，因此产生了" 精算忧虑 "，就是说一算账大家就预期要出现养老赤字。另外，最高人民法院的《司法解释 二》进一步强化了社保缴纳问题，其更加倾向于保护缴纳社保，更加严格地限制不缴社保的任何协议，一些人担心这会成为压倒小微企业的最后一 根稻草。关于社保问题，不只是企业，政府、老百姓、学者都反复陷入这种担 ...

Group 1: Current Status of Basic Pension Insurance - The basic pension insurance coverage rate in China has reached 95%, with 1.07 billion participants by the end of 2024[14] - Urban employee pensions have been increasing for 20 consecutive years, while the minimum standard for rural residents' pensions has grown 1.6 times over the past decade[14] - The average monthly pension for urban residents in 2024 is only 246 CNY, which is below the rural minimum living standard of approximately 594 CNY[25] Group 2: Issues in the Pension System - The pension replacement rate for urban employees has decreased to 52% in 2024, down 8.7 percentage points since 2018[25] - There are significant disparities in pension benefits among different groups, with urban residents receiving an average of 223 CNY, while civil servants and enterprise retirees receive 6243 CNY and 3271 CNY respectively, making the former 28 times and 15 times lower[32] - In 2023, fiscal subsidies for basic pension insurance reached 1.8 trillion CNY, accounting for approximately 26% of total pension fund expenditures[6] Group 3: Recommendations for Improvement - It is suggested to increase the average monthly pension for urban residents from 246 CNY to the rural minimum living standard of about 600 CNY, requiring an annual funding increase of nearly 800 billion CNY[51] - A phased approach to equalize fiscal subsidies across different groups is recommended, ensuring that pension differences reflect contribution levels rather than excessive reliance on fiscal support[52] - Accelerating the nationwide coordination of basic pension insurance is essential to adapt to population mobility and improve the financial balance between regions[50]

Economic Overview - In 2024, the total income of social insurance funds in Shanxi Province is projected to be 215.705 billion yuan, with expenditures amounting to 191.753 billion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year income growth of 11.05% and expenditure growth of 7.46% [1] Pension Insurance - The basic pension insurance fund is expected to have an income of 204.995 billion yuan and an expenditure of 184.094 billion yuan, resulting in a year-end cumulative balance of 223.612 billion yuan, with 76.096 billion yuan under entrusted investment operations [1] - By the end of 2024, the number of participants in the basic pension insurance scheme is projected to reach 27.198 million, with 11.2207 million in urban employee basic pension insurance, an increase of 199,700 from the previous year [1][2] Urban Employee Pension Insurance - The urban employee basic pension insurance fund is anticipated to have an income of 182.698 billion yuan and an expenditure of 171.666 billion yuan, leading to a year-end cumulative balance of 166.256 billion yuan [2] Rural Resident Pension Insurance - The rural resident basic pension insurance fund is expected to generate an income of 22.297 billion yuan and an expenditure of 12.428 billion yuan, resulting in a year-end cumulative balance of 57.356 billion yuan, with 15.9773 million participants, including 4.9797 million actual beneficiaries [3] Unemployment Insurance - The unemployment insurance fund is projected to have an income of 3.923 billion yuan and an expenditure of 2.304 billion yuan, with a year-end cumulative balance of 1.8247 billion yuan [4] - By the end of 2024, the number of participants in unemployment insurance is expected to reach 5.7109 million, with 45,200 individuals receiving unemployment benefits, and a total of 82,000 unemployed individuals receiving various durations of unemployment insurance payments totaling 896 million yuan [3][4] Work Injury Insurance - The work injury insurance fund is expected to have an income of 6.786 billion yuan and an expenditure of 5.356 billion yuan, leading to a year-end cumulative balance of 5.180 billion yuan, with 6.7919 million participants and a 100% coverage rate for new construction projects [4]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the stable participation rates of disabled individuals in basic pension and medical insurance, which are maintained at over 90% and 95% respectively [1] - The Chinese government has ensured that disabled individuals receive minimum living guarantees, rehabilitation assistance for disabled children, living subsidies for disabled individuals in difficulty, and nursing subsidies for severely disabled individuals, achieving comprehensive coverage [1]

Group 1 - The article discusses the adjustment of personal contribution levels for basic pension insurance in Zhejiang Province, effective from January 1, 2024, with eight tiers ranging from 200 to 7000 yuan per year [5] - The lowest tier of 200 yuan is designated for vulnerable groups such as low-income individuals, disabled persons, and those in extreme poverty, with the government covering this contribution [5] - The contribution methods differ between enterprise employees and rural residents, with enterprise contributions deducted by employers and rural residents having the option to pay through various online and offline channels [5] Group 2 - The article outlines the different reporting periods for contributions, with enterprise employees required to report monthly while rural residents report annually [5]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the profound impact of population aging on China's medical insurance system, indicating that the number of retired insured individuals has surpassed 100 million for the first time in 2024, leading to significant challenges in funding balance, intergenerational burden adjustment, and system sustainability [1][2]. Group 1: Medical Insurance Statistics - By the end of 2024, the total number of participants in basic medical insurance reached 1.32662 billion, maintaining a coverage rate of 95% [1]. - The total revenue of basic medical insurance (including maternity insurance) was 3.491337 trillion yuan, while total expenditures were 2.976403 trillion yuan, resulting in a current balance of 463.917 billion yuan and a cumulative balance of 3.862852 trillion yuan [1]. - The number of participants in basic medical insurance has declined for three consecutive years, while the number of participants in employee medical insurance continues to grow, with retirees seeing a significant increase in participation [1][4]. Group 2: Employee Medical Insurance Insights - As of 2024, the number of participants in employee medical insurance reached 379.4834 million, an increase of 8.537 million or 2.3% from the previous year [4]. - The medical expenses for employee medical insurance participants totaled 2.058746 trillion yuan in 2024, reflecting a 3.6% increase year-on-year [5]. - The income of the employee medical insurance fund (including maternity insurance) was 2.373247 trillion yuan, a 3.5% increase from the previous year, while expenditures rose by 7.6% to 1.910254 trillion yuan [5]. Group 3: Challenges of Aging Population - The ratio of employed to retired individuals in employee medical insurance has been declining, with the ratio dropping from 3 in 2012 to an estimated 2.63 in 2024 [5]. - The increasing number of retirees, who do not contribute to the fund, places additional financial pressure on the medical insurance system, necessitating reforms to address the sustainability of the fund [6]. - The rapid growth of the elderly population is expected to continue, with an annual net increase of over 13 million individuals aged 60 and above in the next five years [11]. Group 4: Resident Medical Insurance Trends - The number of participants in resident medical insurance has been declining since 2021, with a decrease of over 7 million participants from its peak of 1.02 billion in 2019 to 950 million in 2024 [9]. - In 2024, the income of the resident medical insurance fund was 1.118091 trillion yuan, with expenditures of 1.066149 trillion yuan, resulting in a current balance of 51.942 billion yuan [10]. - Despite a slight rebound in income growth of 5.8% in 2024, the resident medical insurance remains in a "tight balance" state, indicating ongoing sustainability challenges [10]. Group 5: Long-term Care Insurance Development - The article discusses the anticipated introduction of a nationwide long-term care insurance system, with 18.78634 million participants in pilot cities and 1.4625 million receiving benefits in 2024 [13]. - The income for long-term care insurance was 24.415 billion yuan, with expenditures of 13.108 billion yuan, indicating a growing need for such services in response to the aging population [13]. - The healthcare system is expected to evolve to better accommodate the needs of elderly individuals, particularly in chronic disease management and long-term care [13].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the establishment and improvement of new rural social pension insurance systems and urban resident social pension insurance systems in China, highlighting the combination of individual contributions, collective subsidies, and government support. Group 1: New Rural Social Pension Insurance - The new rural social pension insurance system is based on individual contributions, collective assistance, and government subsidies [3] - Individuals aged 16 and above, excluding students, who are not covered by the basic pension insurance system can participate in the rural pension insurance at their place of residence [5] Group 2: Urban Resident Social Pension Insurance - The urban resident social pension insurance system can be merged with the new rural social pension insurance based on local government decisions [3] - Similar to rural insurance, individuals aged 16 and above who are not part of the basic pension insurance system can enroll in urban resident pension insurance [5] Group 3: Contribution Standards - For enterprise employee basic pension insurance, the employer's contribution rate is 16% and the employee's contribution rate is 8% [6] - Individual contributors to the pension insurance can choose a contribution base between 60% and 300% of the average wage of urban employees from the previous year [7] Group 4: Contribution Levels for Rural Residents - In Shaanxi, the personal contribution levels for rural resident pension insurance are set at ten different tiers ranging from 300 to 6000 yuan annually [8] Group 5: Payment Methods - Contributions for enterprise employee basic pension insurance can be made through various online and offline channels, with employers responsible for withholding and paying the contributions [9] - Urban resident pension insurance contributions can also be made through similar online and offline channels [10]

Core Viewpoint - The article provides a step-by-step guide on how to use the electronic tax bureau for social security payment processes, emphasizing the ease of access and user-friendly interface for both individual and third-party payments [2][6][8]. Group 1: User Registration and Navigation - Users must log in to the electronic tax bureau as individuals, with new users required to register first [2]. - The navigation path includes selecting "Local Features," then proceeding to "Social Security Business," followed by "Urban and Rural Residents' Social Security Fees," and finally "Resident Pension" [3][4]. Group 2: Payment Process - For personal payments, users can directly select the payment level and method before clicking "Payment" [6]. - For payments on behalf of others, users need to add personnel by entering their name and identification number, then select the appropriate payment level and method [7]. Group 3: Payment Completion and Verification - If there is a need to make a supplementary payment for pension insurance, users must register the supplementary payment information with the human resources department before proceeding with the payment [8]. - After completing the payment, users can check the payment results under "Social Security Business" by selecting "Payment Certificate Issuance" or "Payment Record Inquiry" [8]. Group 4: Additional Information - A reminder is provided that payment certificates can only be printed two working days after successful payment, excluding holidays [9].

Core Viewpoint - The announcement of the 2025 personal pension account interest rate for urban and rural residents in Anhui Province is a positive development for insured individuals, with a rate of 3.59%, representing a significant increase from the previous year [1][3][7] Summary by Relevant Sections - **Interest Rate Announcement** The personal pension account interest rate for urban and rural residents in Anhui Province for 2025 is set at 3.59% [1]. This rate is determined by each province, as there is no national coordination for the basic pension insurance [1]. - **Comparison with Previous Year** The 2025 interest rate has increased by 1.13 percentage points compared to 2024, marking a 46% rise, which is beneficial for insured individuals as it will lead to additional interest income [3][7]. - **Interest Calculation Example** For a resident with a personal account balance of 30,000 yuan at the end of 2024, the interest earned in 2025 would be calculated as 30,000 * 3.59 / 100 = 1,077 yuan. New contributions made in 2025 will also accrue interest based on the months they are held [3]. - **Other Provinces' Rates** Besides Anhui, Fujian Province has also announced its 2025 personal pension account interest rate at 3.16%, both rates exceeding 3% [4][7]. - **Comparison with Bank Rates** The announced interest rates for pension accounts surpass the current rates offered by major state-owned banks for fixed deposits, indicating that participating in pension insurance may be a more reliable option for wealth preservation compared to traditional savings [6][7].