【文/观察者网 高卓】 12月31日，韩国海军第一艘潜艇"张保皋"号正式退役，结束了其长达32年的服役生涯。 舷梯上的谚文标语意为："大韩民国1号潜水舰张保皋号 最后一次航海纪念，1992年以来/12089日/水中 航行3117日/安全航行航程342120海里" 12月29日，在韩国海军作战部长金京烈海军中将的主持下，"张保皋"号退役仪式在庆尚南道镇海海军基 地举行，韩国海军参谋总长姜东佶海军上将以下约300人出席仪式。在"张保皋"号停泊的码头附近，还 有1艘"孙元一"级和1艘"岛山安昌浩"级潜艇，以及两艘潜艇救援舰停泊在侧，以纪念这艘被誉为"韩国 潜艇力量起点"的老潜艇退役。 在"张保皋"号首任艇长安炳九（1991年赴德接艇、退役时为海军准将，曾著有《与潜艇同行——韩国海 军1号潜艇首任艇长回忆录》）与最后一任舰长李济权等韩国海军潜艇部队新老成员注视下，"张保 皋"号降下军旗。安炳九在讲话中，还回忆了当初带领艇员队赴德接艇前，首先进行英语突击培训，以 适应德国教官用德语授课，再由工厂译员翻译成英语的特殊学习环境，以及因为语言不通在德国发生的 一些趣事。"因为我们不知疲倦日夜学习，德国造船厂戏称我们是'耗电量 ...

Group 1 - Russia successfully tested the Tsirkon hypersonic cruise missile in the Barents Sea and conducted joint military exercises with Belarus, named "Zapad-2025," aimed at enhancing military command and coordination capabilities in case of an attack [1] - The Tsirkon missile can strike targets within 1,000 kilometers and has a speed of 9 Mach (approximately 11,000 km/h), with a warhead weight of 300-400 kg [1] - NATO initiated "Eastern Sentry" operations following Russian drone incursions into Polish airspace, with NATO Secretary General Stoltenberg warning that Russian actions are escalating regional tensions [1] Group 2 - The Su-34 fighter-bomber, equipped with 12 hardpoints and capable of carrying 8 tons of munitions, was used for ground attack tasks during the exercises, emphasizing its low-altitude penetration capabilities [2] - The U.S. Department of Defense officials were allowed to observe the Belarus military exercises, marking the first time NATO member countries were invited to such events [2] - Recent U.S. diplomatic actions towards Belarus, including the release of prisoners in exchange for the lifting of sanctions on the Belarusian airline Belavia, indicate a shift in U.S. policy towards the region [2] Group 3 - Analysts suggest that the joint military exercises between Russia and Belarus aim to strengthen military alliances, while the U.S. seeks to circumvent sanctions against Russia through Belarus [3] - The deployment of hypersonic weapons by Russia serves as a deterrent against NATO's conventional military advantages, while the U.S. may be looking to create conditions for negotiations regarding the Russia-Ukraine conflict [3] - Recent personal diplomacy from the Trump administration towards Belarus contrasts sharply with the Biden administration's tougher stance, indicating potential shifts in U.S. strategy towards Russia [3]

Group 1 - The ongoing economic talks between China and the United States in Sweden are still in progress, and updates can be expected [2] - The Philippines and the United States have announced military cooperation during President Marcos's visit to the U.S., reaffirming the applicability of the Mutual Defense Treaty in the South China Sea [2] - China opposes the strengthening of military alliances under the pretext of South China Sea issues, stating that such actions do not resolve problems and contradict the aspirations of Asia-Pacific countries for peace and development [2] Group 2 - China appreciates Malaysia's role as the ASEAN chair in mediating the ceasefire agreement between Cambodia and Thailand, which is seen as a significant step towards calming the situation [3] - China supports all efforts that enhance mutual trust and promote reconciliation in the region, emphasizing its commitment to maintaining close communication with Cambodia and Thailand [3]

Group 1 - The Philippines and the United States announced military cooperation during President Marcos's visit to the U.S., reaffirming that the Mutual Defense Treaty applies to the South China Sea [1] - President Marcos stated that the modernization of the Philippine military is a direct response to changes in the South China Sea situation, with U.S. deployments of intermediate-range missiles and joint ammunition bases being preparations for potential future events [1] - Japan is reportedly selling six "Abe" class frigates to the Philippines, indicating a strengthening of defense ties in the region [1] Group 2 - The Chinese Foreign Ministry expressed opposition to the strengthening of military alliances under the pretext of the South China Sea issue, stating that such actions do not resolve problems and do not intimidate China [3] - The Ministry emphasized that the Philippines should not engage in defense cooperation targeting third parties or exacerbate regional tensions, urging the Philippines to act independently and maintain regional peace and stability [3] - The statement reflects a broader concern regarding the involvement of external powers in regional disputes and the potential for increased military tensions in the South China Sea [3]