Group 1: Debt Situations of Major Economies - The United States has a total debt exceeding $40 trillion, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 138%, and an average debt burden of $108,000 per person [1][3] - Japan's debt stands at $9.1 trillion, with a staggering debt-to-GDP ratio of 227%, surpassing Greece's peak during its debt crisis [5] - China's total debt, including national and local bonds, is 86.1 trillion yuan, resulting in a debt-to-GDP ratio of 63.8%, significantly lower than the US and Japan [6] Group 2: Interest and Fiscal Pressure - The US is facing increasing interest pressure, with projected interest payments nearing $1.2 trillion, making it the second-largest fiscal item after social security [3] - Japan's central bank, previously the largest buyer of government bonds, is reducing its bond purchases, which may destabilize the bond market [5] - China is addressing local hidden debts, estimated at 60 trillion yuan, which pose repayment challenges due to high interest rates and short maturities [8] Group 3: Debt Management Strategies - The US continues to rely on its dollar dominance to manage its debt through refinancing strategies [8] - Japan is in a reactive position, hoping for a turnaround while facing increased tariffs on its exports [5] - China is proactively implementing a 10 trillion yuan debt reduction plan, focusing on replacing high-interest hidden debts and extending repayment terms to alleviate fiscal pressure [8]

Group 1 - The article discusses the significant debt levels of the world's wealthiest countries, specifically the United States, Japan, and China, highlighting their differing attitudes towards debt management [1][2] - The United States has a total debt exceeding $40 trillion, which is significantly higher than its GDP, indicating a hidden debt risk despite apparent economic prosperity [4][14] - Over 70% of the U.S. debt is held domestically, driven by a culture of consumerism and widespread credit card use, leading to increased borrowing by individuals and businesses [6][8] Group 2 - Japan's debt totals approximately 1,300 trillion yen (around $9.1 trillion), which is more than double its GDP, presenting a severe debt pressure situation [18][20] - The Bank of Japan has historically supported the debt market through large-scale bond purchases, but this support is weakening, raising concerns about future debt stability [22] - Recent economic pressures from the U.S. on Japan's automotive industry have exacerbated Japan's debt challenges, prompting a shift in Japan's diplomatic stance towards the U.S. [24] Group 3 - In contrast, China's debt level is approximately 86 trillion yuan, which is about 60% of its GDP, indicating a manageable debt situation within a recognized safe range [26][28] - China has implemented a proactive "debt reduction plan" to optimize debt structure and reduce repayment pressure, showcasing a strategic approach to debt management [28] - Chinese debt is primarily directed towards infrastructure projects, creating a positive cycle of borrowing for development, which enhances economic growth and repayment capacity [30][32]