撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 植物进化出了一套具有强化管壁和创新壁结构的导管系统，以确保水分和养分的高效运输。 导管纹孔 （ Vessel pits ） ——精细的三维空腔结构——是决定植物水力系统和生长可塑性的关键因素。然而，其超微 结构及形成机制一直未知。 2025 年 10 月 14 日，中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 张保才 、 周奕华 研究团队 （ 张兰军 、 高 易宏 为共同第一作者 ） 在国际顶尖学术期刊 Cell 上发表了题为： Shaping pit structure in vessel walls sustains xylem hydraulics and grain yield 的研究论文。 该研究利用新兴体电子显微镜技术， 首次揭示了水稻木质部导管纹孔的完整精细三维结构 ，通过克服多项 技术瓶颈，功能鉴定了塑造纹孔三维结构的关键分子模块，发现纹孔三维结构天然突变受 MYB61-PS1 分 子模块调控，并在维持木质部稳健性、促进氮素运输与水稻高产中发挥关键作用。 由此，研究团队发现了一条可提升木质部输水能力及作物产量的分子通路，为可持续农业发展提供了富有 前景的新策略。 论 ...

欧盟委员会农业与农村发展总司司长亨利·德朗赫介绍，中欧早在2013年已开启农业科技合作，如今双 方合作正迈向可持续农业发展领域，在推动粮食安全、提升双方农业产量、增强农民能力等方面发挥重 要的作用。他相信本项目合作不仅能催生新产业、创造新知识，还能吸引更多国家科技人员参与，并深 化中国—欧盟双方合作。 为保障项目顺利实施，中欧双方项目负责人签署项目深化合作协议，以进一步落实协同创新网络建设； 举行咨询专家聘任仪式，组建由农业、环境、经济、政策等领域13人组成的多学科专家组，为项目提供 全周期、全方位指导；启动会后，特邀报告、双边研讨会、青年专题研讨会等交流环节集中展示了双方 在农业领域最新合作进展。 截至目前，中国已与大多数欧洲国家签署科技合作协议，并建立科技合作联委会机制，围绕农业可持续 发展、数字经济、人工智能等热点领域，支持双方创新主体开展形式多样的合作。截至今年9月，中国 已与欧盟及欧洲国家签署46个政府间科技合作协定，并与欧盟及29个欧洲国家建立了联合资助机制，促 进中欧科研人员交流，取得许多重要成果。 （文章来源：科技日报） 10日，"农民和农村新的可持续商业和生产模式"项目在福建厦门启动。作为中 ...

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of May 30 as "International Potato Day" by the United Nations highlights the significance of potatoes in ensuring food security, reducing poverty, and improving livelihoods, particularly for smallholder farmers [1][1][1] Group 1: Importance of Potatoes - Potatoes are recognized as one of the most important staple foods globally, serving as a stabilizer for food security and a crucial pillar for sustainable agricultural development [1][1] - The theme for this year's International Potato Day, "Shaping History, Enriching the Future," emphasizes the role of potatoes in global food security, nutrition improvement, and enhancing the well-being of communities [1][1] Group 2: Contributions of China - China, as one of the largest potato producers, has made significant achievements through disease-resistant variety research and green planting technology innovations, enhancing productivity across the entire value chain [1][1][1] - The event featured over 200 representatives from various sectors discussing topics related to potato and food security, sustainable development of the Chinese potato industry, and the development of the sweet potato industry [1][1] Group 3: Initiatives and Activities - The event launched the "Blooming Potato Light to Support Rural Revitalization" initiative, aimed at promoting the contribution of the potato industry to rural revitalization [1][1] - The International Potato Center's Asia-Pacific Center organized an open day event, allowing attendees to visit its breeding resource center, modern greenhouses, and laboratories to learn about potato research innovations [1][1]

Core Insights - The research reveals that leguminous plants possess a "signal recognition system" that allows them to distinguish between beneficial rhizobia and harmful pathogens [1] - The study highlights the role of the receptor-like kinase proteins MtLICK1/2 in facilitating the symbiotic relationship with rhizobia while also preventing immune responses against them [2] Group 1 - Leguminous plants secrete a signaling molecule called "nodulation factor" when rhizobia approach, which is recognized by receptor proteins on the plant's surface [1] - The MtLICK1/2 proteins play a crucial role in signal transduction, enabling the formation of root nodules for rhizobia to enter and fix nitrogen [1] - The symbiotic relationship between leguminous plants and rhizobia is efficient and environmentally friendly, reducing reliance on chemical nitrogen fertilizers, which is significant for sustainable agriculture [1] Group 2 - MtLICK1/2 proteins act as "guards" that help plants both welcome beneficial rhizobia and suppress immune responses to avoid mistakenly attacking them [2] - This dual functionality of MtLICK1/2 is essential for the interaction between plants and microorganisms, ensuring a balance between cooperation and defense [2]