来源：新华社微信公众号 "二十三，糖瓜粘；二十四，扫房子……三十晚上熬一宿！" 春节将至，耳边又飘荡起从小传唱的童谣，虽然南方北方版本略有不同，但大年二十九无论是"蒸馒 头"还是"去打酒"，从去年开始，注定了连续5年，忙活完就得直接"熬一宿"了。 除夕不是"年三十"，还一连5年？其中的科学奥义何在？ 2026年2月10日，北方农历小年，北京天文馆推出全新球幕影片《光阴密码：我们的历法与计时》，横 跨千年天文史，解读了年月、节气、节日与天文节律的深层关联，揭秘中国"顺天应时"的时间密码。 按月球周期确立的历法是阴历。月球运行到日地之间为朔，也就是初一，两次朔的时间间隔为一个月。 问题来了，这个间隔的平均数值约为29.5天，12个月就是354天，和之前确立一年的时间差了约11天， 这样下来，过个十几年，就会出现冬天月份里"立夏"的尴尬。于是，聪明的先人，设计了十九年七闰的 规则，才形成流传至今几千年的农历，即阴阳合历，用这套历法系统协调生产和生活。 回到最初的问题，我们还要迎来4年没有"年三十"的除夕，这是什么原因？ 农历一个月平均29.5天，日期得取整，于是农历月分为小月和大月，小月29天，大月30天。每个月是 ...

又快过年了。 2026年的春节在2月17日，比2025年晚19天，为近年来最晚。再往后看，2027年的春节又比2026年提早 了11天。至于近年来最早的春节，则是2023年的1月22日。 春节为什么会忽早忽晚呢？这要从我们所用的历法说起。 当今主要有3种历法：依据太阳视运动的阳历，如公历、儒略历等；仅考虑月球视运动的阴历，如伊斯 兰教历、希腊历等；兼顾二者的阴阳合历，如中国现在还采用的农历、藏历等。 中国的农历自古用来指导农业生产，怎能不与季节密切相关？ 其实，作为阴阳合历，农历有一个独特的阳历元素，就是二十四节气。节气严格依据回归年而编制，从 而可以指导农业生产。 既能反映月相，又能顺应时节，还能跟世界通行的阳历保持和谐，这是农历的独特优势，是中国人民伟 大智慧的一个体现。 （作者为中国科学院紫金山天文台副研究员张 旸，本报记者姚雪青采访整理） [ 责编：袁晴 ] 阳历的编制中，要求年长尽量接近"回归年"，一年为365天（平年）或366天（闰年，多出1个闰日）； 月长参照但并不拘泥于朔望月，人为设定大月31天、小月30天（二月例外），大小月基本间隔设置，具 体日期跟月相没有对应关系。 农历的编排中，要求月长 ...

星空,伊尔 i 主 四节气之首 2月4日4时2分 新华社国内部、新华社江苏分社联合制作 星空间 动导体 出现在农历年年米 即将到来的农历丙午马年,立春将出现在年尾, 即农历腊月二十八;而即将结束的农历乙巳蛇年则是 "两头春",也就是一年有两个立春,分别在年头的农 历正月初六和年尾的腊月十七;刚过去的农历甲辰龙 年则没有立春,也就是民间常说的"无春年"。 A 新华社国内部、新华社江苏分社联合制作 星空,何 节气的天文学定义 ／天文学上，节气指一个具体时刻。太阳沿黄道运行 周共360度，每"走过"15度，即迎来一个新节气。 t 新华社国内部、新华社江苏分社联合制作 六 4 21世纪号 = 十四年 好目或应用公用 9 期 越租 | 电子 | 7 | 内 2月 2026 网 MON TUR WIDID FRI 2 十四 3 4 5 +Л 6 7 立春 8 十九 =+ 9 tt- 10 11 12 13 小年北 14 小年南 15 甘五 十九天 情人节 1 ୧ 甘儿 17 18 19 除夕 20 棒节 雨水 初三 初四 23 24 25 26 初七 27 初八 初九 初十 +~ 新华社国内部、新华湖西苏分社联合制作 地 ...

2月4日4时2分将迎来二十四节气之首：立春。而就在大约一年之前，2025年的立春则落在了2月3日这 天。 为什么立春对应的公历日期会"变来变去"？ 而节气对应的农历日期就更加复杂。由于农历年第一天（春节）对应的公历日期在1月21日至2月21日间 波动，而立春的公历日期相对固定，会出现立春不一定出现在农历年年头的情形。例如，即将到来的农 历丙午马年，立春将出现在年尾，即农历腊月二十八；而即将结束的农历乙巳蛇年则是"两头春"，也就 是一年有两个立春，分别在年头的农历正月初六和年尾的腊月十七；刚过去的农历甲辰龙年则没有立 春，也就是民间常说的"无春年"。 星空,何 节气的天文学定义 ／天文学上，节气指一个具体时刻。太阳沿黄道运行 周共360度，每"走过"15度，即迎来一个新节气。 t 新华社国内部、新华社江苏分社联合制作 地球绕太阳公转一圈用时一年。但同样是公转，由于起点、终点、参照物等不同，会产生回归年、恒星 年、近点年等不同的"年"，它们的长短也有细微差别。"其中，太阳连续两次经过春分点的时间间隔称 为一回归年，平均长度约为365天5小时49分。"王科超说，这与我们普遍采用的公历纪年"平年365天、 闰年366 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the phenomenon of "New Year's Eve" (大年三十) disappearing for five consecutive years, with the next occurrence not expected until 2030, due to the traditional lunar calendar's structure and the nature of lunar months [1]. Group 1: Lunar Calendar Explanation - The lunar calendar is often mistakenly referred to as the lunar calendar, but it is actually a lunisolar calendar that incorporates both lunar and solar cycles [2][4]. - Lunar months are based on the moon's phases, with an average month lasting approximately 29.53 days, leading to a lunar year of about 354 days [2][7]. - To align with the solar year, which is about 365 days, the lunar calendar adds an extra month approximately every 2-3 years, known as a leap month [5][7]. Group 2: Disappearance of New Year's Eve - The absence of "New Year's Eve" for five consecutive years is attributed to the lunar calendar's structure, where the last month of the lunar year (腊月) is consistently a short month (29 days) during this period [13][14]. - The phenomenon of having two New Year's Days can occur when a leap month is added after the first month, resulting in two occurrences of the lunar New Year [14]. Group 3: Cultural Significance - The lunar calendar has been integrated into daily life and reflects a time-honored wisdom that has been passed down through generations, emphasizing its cultural importance [20].

Core Viewpoint - The phenomenon of "New Year's Eve" disappearing will occur again until 2030 due to the traditional lunar calendar's structure and the occurrence of "small months" in the lunar calendar [1][14]. Group 1: Lunar Calendar Explanation - The lunar calendar is not merely a lunar calendar but a lunisolar calendar, which incorporates both lunar and solar cycles [2][4]. - The lunar calendar is based on the phases of the moon, with an average month lasting approximately 29.53 days, leading to a lunar year of about 354 days [2][7]. - To reconcile the time difference with the solar year, a leap month is added approximately every 2-3 years, creating a leap year [5][9]. Group 2: Disappearance of New Year's Eve - The absence of "New Year's Eve" is attributed to the fact that from 2025 to 2029, the lunar month of December will consistently be a "small month," which has only 29 days [13][14]. - The lunar calendar's structure allows for flexibility in month lengths, resulting in the phenomenon of "New Year's Eve" not appearing in certain years [13][14]. Group 3: Cultural Significance - The lunar calendar reflects ancient wisdom, integrating both lunar and solar cycles to guide agricultural practices and seasonal activities [9][21]. - The concept of having two New Year's Days can occur when a leap month is added after the first month, leading to two occurrences of the lunar New Year [14].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the disappearance of "New Year's Eve" (大年三十) for five consecutive years, highlighting the complexities of the lunar calendar and its impact on traditional celebrations [1][13]. Group 1: Lunar Calendar Explanation - The lunar calendar, often confused with the lunar calendar, is based solely on the moon's phases, with a complete cycle called a "synodic month" averaging about 29.53 days [2][4]. - A lunar year typically consists of about 354 days, which is shorter than the solar year of approximately 365 days [4][6]. - The lunar calendar, known as a "lunisolar calendar," incorporates both lunar and solar cycles to guide agricultural activities, resulting in a system that adjusts for seasonal changes [6][8]. Group 2: Leap Month and Its Implications - To reconcile the difference between the lunar year and the solar year, a leap month is added approximately every 2 to 3 years, referred to as a "leap month" [8][9]. - The placement of the leap month is determined by the 24 solar terms, starting from the beginning of spring [8][9]. - In some years, a leap month may occur after the first month, leading to two occurrences of the lunar New Year, although only the first is recognized as the official Spring Festival [16]. Group 3: Recent Observations - The absence of "New Year's Eve" for five years is attributed to the lunar calendar's flexible month lengths, where the last month (lunar December) has been consistently shorter [13]. - The phenomenon of having two New Year celebrations can occur in rare cases when a leap month follows the first month, resulting in two lunar New Year's [16].

Group 1 - The core reason for the difference in the lengths of the Gregorian and lunar years is due to their reliance on different celestial cycles [3] - The Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar based on the Earth's orbit around the Sun, with an average year length of approximately 365.2422 days [3] - The lunar calendar, or Chinese calendar, is a lunisolar calendar that considers both the lunar phases and the solar year, resulting in an average year length of about 354 days [5] Group 2 - The Gregorian year 2026 is a common year with 365 days, while the lunar year of the Year of the Horse (丙午) is also a common year with 354 days, making the Gregorian year 11 days longer [7] - To reconcile the differences between the lunar and solar years, the lunar calendar includes leap months, with approximately 7 leap years occurring every 19 years, extending those years to about 384 days [5]

Core Viewpoint - The difference in the length of the Gregorian calendar year and the lunar calendar year is due to their reliance on different celestial cycles for their respective calendar systems [3][5][7]. Group 1: Gregorian Calendar - The Gregorian calendar is based on the solar cycle, with a year length of approximately 365.2422 days, leading to the establishment of regular years (365 days) and leap years (366 days) [3][6]. - The rules for leap years in the Gregorian calendar are "one leap year every four years, no leap year in a century, and a leap year every four centuries" [3]. Group 2: Lunar Calendar - The lunar calendar, or traditional Chinese calendar, is a lunisolar calendar that considers both the lunar phases and the solar year, with an average year length of about 354 days [5][6]. - To reconcile the difference between the lunar year and the solar year, the lunar calendar includes intercalary months, with approximately seven leap years occurring every 19 years, resulting in a leap year length of about 384 days [5].

Group 1 - The occurrence of the Mid-Autumn Festival coinciding with National Day is a normal calendrical phenomenon, with the last occurrence in 2020 and the next one expected in 2028 [5] - The Mid-Autumn Festival can fall on any date between September 7 and October 8 in the Gregorian calendar, depending on the lunar calendar's leap months [2] - The lunar calendar's average year length is aligned with the solar year by adding leap months, which occurs seven times in a 19-year cycle [1] Group 2 - The current lunar year is a leap year, which has resulted in the Mid-Autumn Festival being pushed back to October 6 this year, compared to September 17 last year [1] - The next occurrence of the Mid-Autumn Festival on October 6 will not happen again until 2063 [5]