新华财经日内瓦11月6日电（记者王露周玓珞）第二十届全球人居环境论坛年会暨新可持续城市与人居 环境奖典礼于4日至5日在位于日内瓦的世界气象组织总部举行。作为聚焦可持续城市与人居环境的全球 重要会议之一，全球人居环境论坛将本届年会主题定为"推动地方创新与合作，共建韧性与可持续的城 市未来"。来自40多个国家的300多名代表出席年会，包括各国政府官员、联合国等国际组织代表、商界 人士、专家学者和非政府组织代表等。 会议发布了《日内瓦宣言》（简称《宣言》），为各国城市转型发展提供了可借鉴的共识性指引。《宣 言》围绕城市治理与创新、提升环境可持续性与韧性、绿色智慧与碳中和城市建设、包容性增长、深化 国际合作5个方面，向国际社会发出呼吁，并为共建韧性与可持续的城市未来提供了建议。 全球人居环境论坛是具有联合国经济及社会理事会特别咨商地位的国际非营利组织，成立于2005年。论 坛致力于建设全球高端对话与合作平台，促进人人共享的可持续城市与人居环境。 （文章来源：新华社） 联合国前助理秘书长尼基尔·塞斯肯定了地方创新与合作对于城市可持续发展的重要性。他对新华社记 者说："城市多种多样，每个城市都具有不同特征、面临不同挑战。 ...

Group 1: Core Themes - The 37th Shanghai Mayor's International Business Leaders Advisory Council focused on "Openness, Innovation, and Inclusiveness" as key strategies for Shanghai's development towards 2030, with over 40 multinational executives participating [1] - The council's membership includes 24 Fortune Global 500 companies with a total market value exceeding $3.5 trillion, indicating strong global representation and confidence in China's market [1] Group 2: Openness - Shanghai is transitioning from factor-driven openness to institutional openness, enhancing global resource allocation through stronger regulatory frameworks [2] - Mizuho Financial Group's approval to establish a wholly foreign-owned securities firm in China marks a significant milestone in the country's financial sector opening [2] - Shanghai is becoming a hub for global business networks, attracting more companies to connect and serve global markets [3] Group 3: Innovation - Siemens has established its largest ecosystem outside Germany in Shanghai, focusing on cross-border data and carbon footprint certification, positioning Shanghai as a key hub for green exports [4] - Novartis proposed a digital health platform leveraging AI to enhance public health services in Shanghai, showcasing the integration of local and international technological innovations [6] - Chinese tech companies are demonstrating significant advancements in AI and robotics, attracting attention from global business leaders [8] Group 4: Inclusiveness - Shanghai is promoting a modern urban development model that addresses new consumer trends, such as health and wellness, and the night economy, reflecting its commitment to inclusive growth [9][10] - L'Oréal and Budweiser highlighted the resilience and potential of the Chinese market, with L'Oréal reporting a 3% growth in sales in the second quarter of this year [9][10] - Adidas emphasized the role of sports in enhancing urban resilience and community well-being, advocating for a supportive infrastructure for sports events [10] Group 5: Future Outlook - The Shanghai Mayor's International Business Leaders Advisory Council continues to serve as a platform for multinational companies to provide insights and recommendations for Shanghai's development [12] - Shanghai has attracted nearly $100 billion in foreign investment over the past five years, with a growing number of foreign enterprises establishing operations in the city [12] - The council's ongoing dialogue reflects the global business community's commitment to Shanghai's future, despite geopolitical uncertainties [13]

Group 1 - The opening of pocket parks in Tonghua City provides residents with a new space for relaxation and connection with nature, enhancing the quality of life [10][11] - The transformation of previously idle land into vibrant pocket parks has improved local aesthetics and accessibility, contributing to community happiness [10][11] - The increase in green spaces and recreational facilities reflects the city's commitment to urban development and improving residents' living standards [10][11] Group 2 - The innovation-friendly environment in Yipeng Street, Hangzhou, attracts technology companies, facilitating the transition from research to product development [12][13] - The local government provides substantial support for startups, including assistance with resources and real-world testing environments for new technologies [13][14] - The rapid improvement of urban infrastructure and amenities in Yipeng enhances the overall living experience for residents and businesses [13][14] Group 3 - The resilience of Sanya during severe weather events, such as Typhoon Jianyu, showcases the city's preparedness and effective emergency response [15][16] - The swift restoration of essential services post-typhoon reflects the city's commitment to maintaining a stable living environment for its residents [15][16] - The transparent communication from the government during crises fosters a sense of security among the citizens [15][16] Group 4 - The harmonious coexistence of nature and urban life in Tengchong is highlighted by the city's high forest coverage and commitment to environmental protection [17][18] - The local community actively participates in environmental conservation, enhancing the appeal of the area for both residents and tourists [17][18] - The development of public parks and green spaces contributes to the overall quality of life in Tengchong, making it an attractive place to live [17][18] Group 5 - The integration of smart technologies in Xiong'an New Area significantly enhances daily living experiences, showcasing the potential of smart city initiatives [19][20] - The use of digital platforms for utility payments and traffic management reflects the city's commitment to improving urban efficiency and convenience [19][20] - The presence of advanced technology in everyday services, such as automated coffee preparation and delivery, illustrates the innovative spirit of Xiong'an [19][20] Group 6 - The cultural significance of couplets in Lintao serves as a means of preserving and promoting local heritage, enriching the community's cultural landscape [21][22] - The widespread display of couplets throughout the city fosters a sense of identity and pride among residents, attracting visitors interested in cultural tourism [21][22] - The engagement of the local youth in learning and creating couplets indicates a successful transmission of cultural values to future generations [21][22]

Core Viewpoint - The recent national policy marks a significant shift in China's urban development paradigm, moving away from real estate as the main driver of growth towards a focus on enhancing quality of life, convenience, and resilience for citizens [1][5][40]. Group 1: Policy Shift - The document titled "Opinions on Promoting High-Quality Urban Development" emphasizes a transition from a material-centric approach to a people-centric one, prioritizing education, healthcare, and social welfare over real estate and land finance [5][31]. - The real estate sector is being repositioned as a tool for social welfare rather than a profit-driven industry, indicating a fundamental change in its role within the economy [7][9]. Group 2: Urban Development Focus - The new urban development strategy aims to create a "15-minute living circle," ensuring essential services like markets, schools, and healthcare facilities are within a short walking distance from residents' homes [15][17]. - The policy encourages community participation in urban renewal and emphasizes the importance of improving urban resilience, including infrastructure upgrades to prevent flooding and enhance emergency response [19][21]. Group 3: Evaluation Metrics - New assessment criteria for urban governance will focus on residents' happiness, convenience, community service quality, and population inflow, moving away from traditional metrics like GDP and land sales [25][40]. - The document highlights the need for a balanced distribution of educational and healthcare resources to alleviate issues like "school seat grabbing" and improve overall community well-being [23][31]. Group 4: International Comparison - The policy document contrasts Western capital-driven urban models and Hong Kong's high-turnover real estate approach, advocating for a unique Chinese path that prioritizes human investment over speculative real estate practices [27][29]. - This comparison serves as a reminder for China to avoid pitfalls seen in other urban models, focusing instead on sustainable and inclusive urban development [29][40]. Group 5: Implementation Challenges - The transition to this new urban model faces challenges, including local government capacity to execute the central government's vision and potential conflicts arising from urban renewal processes [38][40]. - The shift from a growth-at-all-costs mentality to a more sustainable approach reflects a commitment to long-term urban quality and livability [38][42].

Core Insights - The future of urban development in China must focus on serving nearly 1 billion people, with increasing demands for public services from each generation [1][6] - Urban planning should prioritize a human-centered approach, emphasizing detailed and diverse urban space design to meet the needs of different demographics [1][3] Group 1: Population and Urban Demographics - The urban population in China is currently 940 million, projected to approach 1 billion, necessitating sustainable development strategies [6] - Key demographics to focus on include 200 million children, 200 million elderly, 200 million new citizens and youth, and 200 million residents of old communities, each requiring tailored urban solutions [3][4] Group 2: Urban Development Goals - The recent Central Urban Work Conference emphasizes the construction of a "modern people’s city," highlighting the importance of shared public resources [5][6] - The shift from large-scale expansion to quality improvement in existing urban areas presents an opportunity to enhance livability and community engagement [4][11] Group 3: Urban Renewal and Sustainability - Urban renewal is now viewed as a comprehensive initiative, focusing on revitalizing old neighborhoods and industrial areas to create vibrant spaces [11][12] - The approach to urban planning is evolving from rigid zoning to more flexible, mixed-use developments that cater to diverse community needs [12][18] Group 4: Governance and Resilience - Effective urban governance must transition from merely providing housing to ensuring quality living environments, including amenities and safety [6][16] - Building urban resilience involves creating a comprehensive safety system rather than relying solely on infrastructure improvements [17][18]

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the importance of "safety redundancy" in mitigating risks associated with extreme weather events, which have been increasingly recognized as a global risk [1][2][3] - It highlights that the construction of "safety redundancy" requires significant upfront investment, but the benefits are often realized in the form of "accidents that did not happen," making it easy to overlook [1][2] - The article points out that a lack of "safety redundancy" can lead to severe consequences, as it serves as a backup when primary defenses fail [1][2] Group 2 - The Central Urban Work Conference has called for the construction of resilient cities, emphasizing the need to focus on "safety redundancy" to enhance urban resilience [2][3] - It suggests that improving urban resilience requires attention to detail, process control, and proactive risk assessment, rather than just addressing current needs [2] - The article advocates for public awareness and education to enhance individual protective capabilities, which is also considered a necessary form of "redundancy" [2]

Core Insights - The article highlights the devastating impact of extreme weather events, specifically the recent flooding in Rongjiang County, which has exposed the vulnerabilities of small cities in China to climate change and natural disasters [1][5][11]. Group 1: Flood Impact and Response - The flooding in Rongjiang County was described as potentially a once-in-30-years event, with water levels reaching 253.5 meters, exceeding the guaranteed level by 2 meters, and a flow rate of 8,360 cubic meters per second [5][13]. - Over 42,000 residents were urgently relocated due to the flooding, which caused significant damage to infrastructure, including roads and buildings, making rescue operations challenging [5][12]. - Many local businesses suffered severe losses, with reports of a clothing store losing up to 1.5 million yuan in inventory and renovations, while other small businesses faced uncertain futures [7][12]. Group 2: Urban Resilience and Infrastructure Challenges - The flooding revealed the inadequacies of Rongjiang's flood defense systems, which were designed for less severe events, highlighting the need for improved infrastructure in small cities [13][14]. - The average public budget income for Rongjiang County was approximately 352 million yuan, while expenditures reached 3.034 billion yuan, indicating a significant financial strain on local governance [13][14]. - The article emphasizes the importance of building resilient urban infrastructure to withstand extreme weather, advocating for multi-stakeholder collaboration and investment in climate-adaptive projects [14][15]. Group 3: Broader Context of Climate Change - The article places the Rongjiang flooding within a larger trend of increasing extreme weather events across China, citing past incidents such as the 2021 Henan floods that resulted in over 1,142 billion yuan in economic losses [11][12]. - It discusses the systemic vulnerabilities of small cities in the face of climate change, suggesting that these areas often lack the resources and infrastructure to effectively respond to such disasters [12][18]. - The need for a shift from merely reactive disaster response to proactive urban resilience planning is highlighted, with examples from cities like New York and Kigali showcasing successful strategies [14][15][18].

Core Viewpoint - The report highlights the urgent need for China to enhance its capacity to adapt to climate change due to the increasing frequency of extreme weather events exacerbated by global warming and El Niño effects [1] Group 1: Current Climate Challenges - In 2023, multiple regions in China experienced severe extreme weather events, including record-breaking rainfall and extreme heat, leading to significant impacts on urban areas [1] - The urbanization rate in China reached 67% by the end of 2024, meaning approximately 940 million people live in urban areas, which increases the potential for widespread disaster impacts during extreme weather [1] Group 2: Climate-Resilient Urban Development - Since 2017, China has initiated climate-adaptive city construction pilot projects in 28 cities, which have yielded positive results and valuable experiences [2] - The first batch of 39 cities has been selected to deepen climate-adaptive city construction, representing various scales and geographical regions, with the expectation of strong demonstration effects [2] Group 3: Systematic Urban Resilience Enhancement - Urban construction and operation must shift from traditional risk response strategies to systematic transformations that enhance resilience against climate risks [3] - Emphasizing natural solutions, such as green spaces and ecological management, is crucial for improving urban adaptability to climate change [3] Group 4: Multi-Stakeholder Engagement - Building climate-adaptive cities requires the involvement of various stakeholders, including government, social organizations, enterprises, and the public, to create a collaborative governance system [4] - Increasing public awareness and understanding of climate adaptation is essential for enhancing disaster preparedness and self-rescue capabilities among urban residents [4]