天冬在拍花环彩鸾花 上周六下午，2025中国自然教育大会分会场的"植物科普与自然教育创新实践论坛"特别活动在杭州 植物园举行，两位自然教育大咖为前来的自然迷们献上了两堂精彩的博物讲座。 寻觅植物的荒野传奇 知名科普作家、北京师范大学植物学硕士天冬老师上个月刚去了一趟西澳大利亚州。这次，我们跟 着天冬的脚步来了一次虚拟的西澳植物探索之旅，在天冬专业风趣的讲解中，第一次见到了远在南半球 的奇特植物。 澳大利亚的袋鼠世界闻名，但知道当地植物"袋鼠爪"的人就不多了，它是西澳大利亚州的"州花"， 因为花朵长得像小爪子，受到当地人的喜欢，红绿袋鼠爪、长药袋鼠爪……当地人会种各种袋鼠爪，长 满房前屋后。 滨海相思树有鲨鱼牙齿一般的叶子，当地人把它们种在院子外来防袋鼠；花环彩鸾花能自动长成一 个花环状，至今没人知道是为什么；黑仔树一年只长几厘米，野外大火都烧不死它……西澳的植物很有 个性，充满了原始大地的蛮荒气质。 菌物是美食也可能是毒物 浙江大学生命科学学院食药用菌研究所的林文飞老师，是国内菌物学权威专家，他是大型纪录片 《菌物王国》的总策划兼学术指导。他介绍，菌物是地球三大物种之一，是平衡地球生态的重要组成部 分，菌物是 ...

Core Viewpoint - The invasive species nutria is increasingly threatening flood safety and ecosystems in Germany, as reported by the German Hunting Association [1][2] Group 1: Invasive Species Impact - In 2023, nutria was found in approximately 35% of surveyed hunting areas, doubling from 2015 [1] - In Bremen and Hamburg, up to 93% and 74% of hunting areas respectively reported the presence of nutria, indicating significant urban infiltration [1] - Nutria burrow tunnels several meters long along riverbanks and levees, posing risks to flood safety in coastal and inland river areas [1] Group 2: Ecological Consequences - Nutria particularly damage reed beds, which can lead to the complete loss of reed coverage along riverbanks, severely impacting biodiversity [1] - Reed beds are crucial breeding habitats for insects, amphibians, fish, and birds due to their slower water flow [1] Group 3: Historical Context and Call to Action - Nutria were introduced to Germany in the 19th century for meat and fur production, and have since established stable populations in the wild [2] - Factors such as feeding by humans, climate change, and hunting restrictions have contributed to their prevalence in urban areas [2] - The German Hunting Association urges government levels, city managers, and the public to collaborate in controlling the spread of nutria [2]

Core Viewpoint - The sale of "wild turtles" in various locations has raised concerns, as these turtles are primarily identified as Florida softshell turtles, an invasive species that poses ecological threats and is unsuitable for consumption or release into the wild [1][4][19] Group 1: Identification and Characteristics of Florida Softshell Turtle - Florida softshell turtles, also known as pearl turtles, have a smooth, oval shape, medium-sized head, and robust limbs with webbed feet [5] - They are native to the United States and primarily feed on soft-bodied animals, crustaceans, and fish, exhibiting rapid growth and strong adaptability [7] Group 2: Ecological Impact - Upon being released into Chinese waters, Florida softshell turtles can aggressively compete for territory, threatening native turtle populations and overall biodiversity, earning them the title of "freshwater tyrants" [8] - The article highlights other invasive species that pose similar ecological risks, such as Canadian goldenrod, smooth cordgrass, and apple snails, which disrupt local ecosystems and agricultural practices [9][11][13][14][15] Group 3: Recommendations and Actions - The article emphasizes that releasing animals into the wild does not equate to doing good; instead, it can have detrimental effects on ecosystems [17] - It advises the public to report the sale of such animals and to engage in responsible wildlife management practices, including only releasing native species and supporting conservation efforts [17][19]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the issue of invasive species in Guangdong Province, highlighting their ecological impact and the need for effective control measures [4][39]. Invasive Species Overview - Guangdong is one of the regions in China with the highest number of invasive species, with hundreds identified that threaten local ecosystems and agricultural safety [4][5]. - Invasive species can damage crops, outcompete native plants, and disrupt ecological balance due to the absence of natural predators [5][6]. Specific Invasive Species 1. Pomacea canaliculata (Golden Apple Snail) - Originally from the Amazon basin, this species was introduced to China in the 1980s and has rapidly spread in Guangdong's rice fields [10][11]. - It has a high feeding rate, consuming up to 40% of its body weight daily, primarily targeting young rice seedlings and vegetables, which severely affects crop emergence rates [12]. - The reproductive capacity is significant, with each snail capable of laying 200-1000 eggs multiple times a year, making control efforts challenging [13][15]. 2. Mikania micrantha (Mile-a-Minute Vine) - This perennial vine, native to Central America, has spread widely in Guangdong, particularly in forested areas and orchards [20][21]. - It grows rapidly, extending over 20 cm per day, and can smother native plants, leading to their death and causing severe ecological damage [22][24]. 3. Bidens pilosa (Spanish Needle) - Originally from tropical America, this species is now common in Guangdong's farmland and wastelands [29][30]. - It has strong adaptability and prolific reproduction, competing with crops for light, water, and nutrients, which can hinder agricultural productivity [31][32]. Control Measures - The article emphasizes the importance of public participation in controlling invasive species and provides specific strategies for managing the highlighted species [37][39]. - For Pomacea canaliculata, methods include manual collection and the use of specific pesticides while adhering to safety regulations [18][16]. - For Mikania micrantha, mechanical removal and targeted herbicide application are recommended to prevent its spread [26][28]. - For Bidens pilosa, early removal before flowering and the use of selective herbicides are suggested to minimize its impact on crops [34][36].

Group 1 - The popularity of "exotic pets" in China is rising, with over 17 million people reportedly keeping them, which includes non-traditional animals like snakes, lizards, and spiders [1] - There are significant safety concerns associated with the ownership and importation of exotic pets, particularly regarding the potential ecological impact of invasive species [7][21] - Illegal importation of exotic species is occurring, with recent incidents involving travelers attempting to smuggle various foreign animals into the country [3][8] Group 2 - The introduction of foreign species can lead to severe ecological consequences, including threats to native species and agricultural production [19][23] - Specific examples of harmful invasive species include the "Canadian goldenrod" and "muti-flowered cordgrass," which have shown strong reproductive capabilities and can outcompete native flora [28][31] - The Chinese government is taking measures to combat the spread of invasive species, including a national survey every ten years and the implementation of control plans for specific invasive plants [33]