掌握科学的识别方法，是及时防控的关键。根据农业农村部生态总站发布的《加拿大一枝黄花防控 技术指导意见》，加拿大一枝黄花为多年生草本，株高0.3—2.5米，茎直立且上部常带短柔毛，茎干后 期会木质化呈棕色或青色。叶片互生，多为披针形或线状披针形，长5—15厘米，边缘具锯齿或波状钝 齿，具离基三出脉。其最典型特征是顶生圆锥花序，分枝呈蝎尾状，瘦果褐色带白色冠毛。需注意其与 本土一枝黄花的区别，后者根系较弱，不会形成单一优势群落。 目前，我国已将加拿大一枝黄花列入《重点管理外来入侵物种名录》，农业农村部等部门已发布防 控指导意见，多地也开展了集中清除行动。刘万学呼吁，防控外来入侵物种需全民参与，公众提高警 惕、及时上报，才能筑牢生态安全防线。早发现、早处置是遏制其扩散的关键，切勿因一时大意，让外 来入侵物种进一步侵蚀本土生态家园。 更令人棘手的是，它还能通过地下长根状茎无性繁殖，即便只残留部分根茎，也能重新萌发，形 成"今年一小丛，明年一大片"的爆发式扩散态势。在破坏力方面，刘万学用"一花开而百花杀"形容其本 性。它植株高大，最高可达2.5米，能优先抢占阳光和空间；根系极其发达，可疯狂掠夺土壤中的水分 与养分。 " ...

Group 1 - The event "Plant Science Popularization and Natural Education Innovation Practice Forum" was held at Hangzhou Botanical Garden as part of the 2025 China Natural Education Conference [3] - Renowned science writer Tian Dong shared insights from his recent trip to Western Australia, highlighting unique local plants such as "Kangaroo Paw" and "Coastal Wattle" [4][5] - The discussion emphasized the ecological significance of native plants and the challenges posed by invasive species in Western Australia [5] Group 2 - Lin Wenfei, an expert in mycology from Zhejiang University, discussed the ecological importance of fungi and their historical use in Chinese culture [6] - Various beneficial fungi were highlighted, including Lingzhi and Cordyceps, which have health benefits such as improving immunity and digestion [6] - Lin also provided guidance on identifying toxic mushrooms, emphasizing that not all brightly colored mushrooms are poisonous, with white and gray mushrooms being particularly dangerous [7]

Core Viewpoint - The invasive species nutria is increasingly threatening flood safety and ecosystems in Germany, as reported by the German Hunting Association [1][2] Group 1: Invasive Species Impact - In 2023, nutria was found in approximately 35% of surveyed hunting areas, doubling from 2015 [1] - In Bremen and Hamburg, up to 93% and 74% of hunting areas respectively reported the presence of nutria, indicating significant urban infiltration [1] - Nutria burrow tunnels several meters long along riverbanks and levees, posing risks to flood safety in coastal and inland river areas [1] Group 2: Ecological Consequences - Nutria particularly damage reed beds, which can lead to the complete loss of reed coverage along riverbanks, severely impacting biodiversity [1] - Reed beds are crucial breeding habitats for insects, amphibians, fish, and birds due to their slower water flow [1] Group 3: Historical Context and Call to Action - Nutria were introduced to Germany in the 19th century for meat and fur production, and have since established stable populations in the wild [2] - Factors such as feeding by humans, climate change, and hunting restrictions have contributed to their prevalence in urban areas [2] - The German Hunting Association urges government levels, city managers, and the public to collaborate in controlling the spread of nutria [2]

Core Viewpoint - The sale of "wild turtles" in various locations has raised concerns, as these turtles are primarily identified as Florida softshell turtles, an invasive species that poses ecological threats and is unsuitable for consumption or release into the wild [1][4][19] Group 1: Identification and Characteristics of Florida Softshell Turtle - Florida softshell turtles, also known as pearl turtles, have a smooth, oval shape, medium-sized head, and robust limbs with webbed feet [5] - They are native to the United States and primarily feed on soft-bodied animals, crustaceans, and fish, exhibiting rapid growth and strong adaptability [7] Group 2: Ecological Impact - Upon being released into Chinese waters, Florida softshell turtles can aggressively compete for territory, threatening native turtle populations and overall biodiversity, earning them the title of "freshwater tyrants" [8] - The article highlights other invasive species that pose similar ecological risks, such as Canadian goldenrod, smooth cordgrass, and apple snails, which disrupt local ecosystems and agricultural practices [9][11][13][14][15] Group 3: Recommendations and Actions - The article emphasizes that releasing animals into the wild does not equate to doing good; instead, it can have detrimental effects on ecosystems [17] - It advises the public to report the sale of such animals and to engage in responsible wildlife management practices, including only releasing native species and supporting conservation efforts [17][19]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the issue of invasive species in Guangdong Province, highlighting their ecological impact and the need for effective control measures [4][39]. Invasive Species Overview - Guangdong is one of the regions in China with the highest number of invasive species, with hundreds identified that threaten local ecosystems and agricultural safety [4][5]. - Invasive species can damage crops, outcompete native plants, and disrupt ecological balance due to the absence of natural predators [5][6]. Specific Invasive Species 1. Pomacea canaliculata (Golden Apple Snail) - Originally from the Amazon basin, this species was introduced to China in the 1980s and has rapidly spread in Guangdong's rice fields [10][11]. - It has a high feeding rate, consuming up to 40% of its body weight daily, primarily targeting young rice seedlings and vegetables, which severely affects crop emergence rates [12]. - The reproductive capacity is significant, with each snail capable of laying 200-1000 eggs multiple times a year, making control efforts challenging [13][15]. 2. Mikania micrantha (Mile-a-Minute Vine) - This perennial vine, native to Central America, has spread widely in Guangdong, particularly in forested areas and orchards [20][21]. - It grows rapidly, extending over 20 cm per day, and can smother native plants, leading to their death and causing severe ecological damage [22][24]. 3. Bidens pilosa (Spanish Needle) - Originally from tropical America, this species is now common in Guangdong's farmland and wastelands [29][30]. - It has strong adaptability and prolific reproduction, competing with crops for light, water, and nutrients, which can hinder agricultural productivity [31][32]. Control Measures - The article emphasizes the importance of public participation in controlling invasive species and provides specific strategies for managing the highlighted species [37][39]. - For Pomacea canaliculata, methods include manual collection and the use of specific pesticides while adhering to safety regulations [18][16]. - For Mikania micrantha, mechanical removal and targeted herbicide application are recommended to prevent its spread [26][28]. - For Bidens pilosa, early removal before flowering and the use of selective herbicides are suggested to minimize its impact on crops [34][36].

Group 1 - The popularity of "exotic pets" in China is rising, with over 17 million people reportedly keeping them, which includes non-traditional animals like snakes, lizards, and spiders [1] - There are significant safety concerns associated with the ownership and importation of exotic pets, particularly regarding the potential ecological impact of invasive species [7][21] - Illegal importation of exotic species is occurring, with recent incidents involving travelers attempting to smuggle various foreign animals into the country [3][8] Group 2 - The introduction of foreign species can lead to severe ecological consequences, including threats to native species and agricultural production [19][23] - Specific examples of harmful invasive species include the "Canadian goldenrod" and "muti-flowered cordgrass," which have shown strong reproductive capabilities and can outcompete native flora [28][31] - The Chinese government is taking measures to combat the spread of invasive species, including a national survey every ten years and the implementation of control plans for specific invasive plants [33]