中新社北京10月11日电 题：如何更好理解中国式现代化？ ——专访阿根廷汉学家理事会召集人何广思 中新社记者 张焕迪 第二届世界中国学大会将于10月13日至15日在上海举行，各国学者将在"世界视野下的历史中国与当代 中国"主题下讨论研究。阿根廷汉学家理事会召集人何广思(Gustavo Alejandro Girado)在参会前夕接受中 新社"东西问"专访，剖析中国现代化进程对拉丁美洲国家的影响，并从一名拉美学者的视角出发，就如 何更好理解中国式现代化这一问题分享个人看法。 现将访谈实录摘要如下： 中新社记者：现代化是人类社会的共同愿景，但在现代化进程中，劳动力结构变化、环境约束等问题已 成为包括中国在内的许多发展中国家面临的挑战。您认为中国和西方国家在对待这些挑战时存在哪些观 念差异？ 何广思：在我看来，一些在中国被视为现代性挑战的事物，在西方可能不被如此看待。究其原因，第二 次世界大战结束后，规范国际社会的制度框架主要由战胜国制定，尽管中国也是战胜国，但在对未来的 全球秩序进行构思和设计时，中国的利益和价值观并未被充分考虑。 2025年9月28日，新疆阿克苏地区一种植基地种植的长绒棉进入采收季，采棉机在田地 ...

Academic Context and Research Approach - The author supplements the historical methodology of the "Historical Materialism School" by emphasizing the importance of utilizing existing historical materials to construct new theories, even in the absence of new archaeological findings [4] - The author reflects on the question of why China exists and maintains a vast territory, influenced by the recent discourse on "China's resurgence" [5] - The author acknowledges the impact of the study of ancient Chinese autocratic regimes from a socio-economic perspective, while also recognizing the significance of analyzing historical perspectives on the concept of "state" [5][6] Key Concepts in the Book - The author argues that the early concept of "Tian" (heaven) and "Tianxia" (under heaven) differs significantly from later Confucian interpretations, suggesting a more religiously colored understanding in early contexts [8] - The author critiques mainstream historical interpretations that overlook the religious dimensions of ancient Chinese culture, emphasizing the need to recognize the state's engagement with religion through rituals like the "sacrificial rites" [7][9] - The book reinterprets key historical texts to clarify the evolution of the concept of "Tian" from the Shang to the Zhou dynasty, highlighting the transition from ancestor worship to a more universal deity [9][10] Evolution of State Religion - The author discusses the multi-faceted development of religious beliefs during the Warring States period, suggesting that the emergence of polytheistic practices was influenced by Hellenistic theology [11] - The author posits that the Qin dynasty's adoption of the title "Emperor" reflects a direct manifestation of state religion, contrasting it with the unchanging nature of the Zhou's supreme deity [11] - The author concludes that the formation of state sacrificial rites during the Han dynasty marks a significant point in the evolution of ancient Chinese religious thought, which continued to adapt in response to changing political landscapes [12] Dialogue and Discussion - The discussions following the presentations highlight the need for a nuanced understanding of the concept of "Tian" and its relationship with religion, emphasizing the historical context in which these ideas developed [13] - The dialogue also explores the impact of cultural exchanges on the evolution of ancient Chinese civilization, suggesting that cultural changes are often influenced by external factors [14] - The discussions further address specific issues raised in the book, including the monopolization of religious practices by political authorities and its implications for the understanding of state religion [15]