Core Insights - The Shenzhou-20 astronaut crew has been in orbit for 203 days and is preparing to return to Earth, having completed various scientific tasks and achieved significant results [1] Group 1: Achievements and Experiments - Key achievements include obtaining high-quality protein crystals in space, which may provide potential targets for cancer treatment [3] - Tungsten alloy was successfully heated to 3100°C, setting a new record for the highest heating temperature in international space materials science experiments [3] - The first discovery of charged colloids crystallizing into long-lived metastable structures under microgravity conditions [3] Group 2: Research and Data Collection - The astronaut crew has been caring for zebrafish and a space vegetable garden, contributing valuable experimental data for scientific research [5] - The crew conducted a "lifespan assessment" of the extravehicular spacesuits in collaboration with ground staff, yielding significant data [5][7] Group 3: Mission Activities - During the mission, the crew completed 4 extravehicular activities and 7 payload transfer tasks, including the installation of space debris protection devices and external auxiliary equipment [9] - The installation of foot limit adapters and interface connectors on the external platform has effectively improved the efficiency of extravehicular operations [9] Group 4: Delayed Return and Ongoing Collaboration - The return of the Shenzhou-20 spacecraft, originally scheduled for November 5, has been delayed due to a suspected impact from small space debris [11] - While waiting to return, the Shenzhou-20 crew is collaborating with the Shenzhou-21 crew to conduct in-orbit scientific experiments and share experiences [11]

Core Points - The Russian space agency announced that two astronauts conducted a spacewalk lasting 6 hours and 54 minutes, successfully returning to the International Space Station [1] - The main task of the spacewalk was to install a pulsed plasma injector on the "Science" module, along with cleaning the module's windows [1] - The pulsed plasma injector is intended for research on the impact of satellites on Earth's ionosphere, particularly during magnetic storms or solar flares [1] Summary by Sections - **Spacewalk Details** - The spacewalk took place from October 28 to 29, with astronauts Sergey Rezhikov and Alexey Zubritsky exiting the module at 17:19 Moscow time [1] - This was the second spacewalk for these astronauts in October [2] - **Scientific Objectives** - The installation of the pulsed plasma injector is aimed at facilitating research on the ionosphere during specific solar events [1]

Group 1 - The core event is the press conference held by the Shenzhou 19 astronaut crew after their 183-day stay in space, where they shared their experiences and insights [1] - Astronaut Cai Xuzhe returned to the Tiangong space station just 22 months after his last mission, setting a record for the shortest time between missions for Chinese astronauts [2][3] - Cai described the feeling of returning to the space station as both familiar and strange, emphasizing the shift from being a crew member to leading a team [4][5] Group 2 - The Shenzhou 19 mission involved a significant challenge when a cargo adapter became stuck, requiring the astronauts to perform an emergency spacewalk to resolve the issue [6][7] - The first spacewalk lasted 9 hours, setting a new record for the longest spacewalk by Chinese astronauts and a world record for single spacewalk duration [6][7] - Astronaut Song Lingdong, the youngest member of the crew, expressed a strong sense of responsibility and teamwork during the mission [8][10] Group 3 - The crew conducted various scientific experiments, including breeding fruit flies in space, which is significant for understanding biological processes in microgravity [15][16] - Song Lingdong also successfully grew sweet potatoes in space, drawing on his childhood experience with gardening [17][18] - Astronaut Wang Haoze, the first female flight engineer, highlighted the challenges faced by female astronauts in training and execution of tasks [19][22] Group 4 - The Shenzhou 19 mission included over half new experiments and projects, with the crew collaborating closely with researchers to ensure successful execution [22] - Wang expressed pride in contributing female data to brainwave experiments, emphasizing the importance of diversity in scientific research [23] - The astronauts shared a deep emotional connection to their homeland, often looking for familiar landmarks from space and feeling a strong sense of belonging to both Earth and the space station [25][24]

Core Viewpoint - The significant budget cuts proposed by the U.S. government for NASA are raising widespread concerns about the future of the agency's scientific projects and space exploration initiatives [1][2]. Budget Cuts Impact - The new budget proposal could lead to the termination of approximately 41 ongoing or planned scientific missions, which represents about one-third of NASA's total projects [1]. - NASA's science project funding is set to be reduced by nearly half, marking a critical crisis for the U.S. space program [1]. - The White House's Office of Management and Budget has stated that NASA's annual expenditure of over $7 billion on nearly 100 scientific missions is "unsustainable" [1]. Specific Program Cuts - The budget demands a two-thirds reduction in funding for astrophysics, affecting key missions such as the VERITAS and DAVINCI+ Venus exploration projects, which are now uncertain [3]. - The Chandra X-ray Observatory's operational budget is proposed to be cut from $69 million to zero, jeopardizing its ongoing scientific contributions [3]. - The operational funding for the MAVEN satellite, which has been collecting data in orbit around Mars since 2014, is also set to be eliminated, risking its functionality and potential crash on Mars [3]. Strategic Shift - The proposed budget indicates a fundamental shift in NASA's focus, prioritizing lunar and Martian missions over other scientific endeavors, as the Trump administration aims to send astronauts to the Moon and Mars ahead of China [3].

Core Insights - The Chang'e 5 lunar samples have sparked significant research interest among French scientists, indicating a collaborative effort in space exploration between China and France [1][15] - The lunar samples are particularly valuable as they were collected from previously un-sampled regions of the Moon, suggesting volcanic activity may have occurred later than previously thought [3][5] Group 1: Research Findings - The lunar samples are approximately one billion years younger than those collected during the Apollo missions, indicating a potential extension of volcanic activity on the Moon [3] - The analysis of the samples involves isotope detection, akin to a CT scan, to reconstruct the Moon's formation and evolution over billions of years [1][5] - There is an expectation that the characteristics of the Chang'e 5 samples may be similar to Apollo samples, which could provide a comprehensive understanding of the Moon [7] Group 2: International Collaboration - The collaboration between Chinese and French scientists is expected to deepen, facilitated by the unique advantages China holds in space research [9] - The integration of resources and expertise from both countries is seen as a significant step in advancing scientific exploration [13][15] - The ongoing research represents not only a scientific endeavor but also a cross-border knowledge-sharing initiative [15]