今年这个天气有多热呢，有人是这么形容的：连我奶奶都开空调了。这虽然是个梗，但是也包含着丰富 的经济学信息：首先这说明我国的家电消费已经很普及了，连老家的奶奶都安上了空调；其次说明我国 的电力保障非常稳定且惠民，即使老家也不会停电，而且电费不会贵得让奶奶吹不起空调。 中国科技创新成果在这几年的集中涌现，其实是源于长期以来在科技方面的大量投入，是多年前栽下的 大树进入了盛花期。而且这种投入还在持续进行，去年全社会研发经费投入规模比"十三五"末增长近 50%，这些投入的成果将在未来持续涌现。科技革命是经济进入新周期的推动性力量，中国的众多科技 成果必将带动中国经济向高质量发展，从蓄力期向发力期迈进，中国未来可期。 我们都知道电不会凭空产生，它需要长期的接力投入建设，才能建成强大的发电能力和输电网络，在广 袤国土上接入千家万户。7月9日上午，国务院新闻办公室举行"高质量完成'十四五'规划"系列主题首场 新闻发布会，国家发展改革委主任郑栅洁介绍，"十四五"以来我国已建成了全球规模最大的电力基础设 施体系，发电装机容量占全球三分之一，即使在迎峰度夏、迎峰度冬这些用能最高峰时段，群众的用能 需求都得到了有力保障。 以五年规 ...

今年是"十四五"规划收官之年，"十四五"时期，我国经济社会发展取得哪些成就？ "'十四五'规划纲要各项主要指标中，经济增长、全员劳动生产率、全社会研发经费投入等指标进展符 合预期；常住人口城镇化率，人均预期寿命，粮食、能源综合生产能力等8项指标进展超过预期。"在7 月9日举行的国务院新闻办新闻发布会上，国家发展改革委主任郑栅洁介绍。 4组关键词聚焦"十四五"时期取得的成就。成就源自共同奋斗，成果终由你我共享。 强 实力更强 5年经济增量预计超35万亿元 过去5年，我们的实力更强了吗，强在哪？ "十四五"时期，我们实现了量的合理增长。 增速得以保持，前4年经济平均增速为5.5%；5年经济增量预计超35万亿元，相当于再造一个长三角； 对世界经济增长的贡献率保持在30%左右。"我们国家这么大的体量，在经受各种风险挑战的冲击下， 还能保持这样的增速，在经济发展史上是前所未有的。"郑栅洁说。 规模持续扩大，"十四五"时期，我国经济总量连续跨越110万亿元、120万亿元、130万亿元，今年预计 约为140万亿元，经济实力显著增强。 实力增强，强在经济根基越筑越牢。 "十四五"以来，我国制造业增加值每年均超过30万亿元，连 ...

Core Points - The Shenzhou 20 crew has been in orbit for two months since April 25, successfully adapting to the microgravity environment and completing multiple space science experiments and tasks [1][5][7] - The crew conducted the first-ever space regeneration experiment on planarians, exploring the effects of microgravity and radiation on their regeneration mechanisms [5] - The Shenzhou 20 crew performed their first extravehicular activity, installing a space debris protection device and conducting inspections of external equipment [5][7] Group 1 - The Shenzhou 20 crew, consisting of Chen Dong, Chen Zhongrui, and Wang Jie, met with the Shenzhou 19 crew in space, marking the sixth "space rendezvous" in China's space history [3] - The two crews completed an in-orbit handover on April 27, continuing their collaborative efforts in the Chinese space station [3] - The Shenzhou 20 crew is currently in good condition, and their various space science experiments are progressing steadily [7] Group 2 - The crew has been involved in multiple projects, including studies on trust and collaboration mechanisms, visual motion gravity characterization, and microgravity relationship cognition [7] - They utilized ultrasound diagnostics to examine blood vessels and conducted various tests related to memory, strength, and heavy object handling [7] - Research on the effects of microgravity on microorganisms, specifically Streptomyces, was also conducted, focusing on growth, differentiation, and biological activity [7]

Core Insights - The establishment of the Chinese space station on December 31, 2022, marks a significant milestone in China's journey to becoming a space power [1] - The Chinese manned space program aims to operate, apply, and develop the space station effectively, with a goal of landing Chinese astronauts on the moon by 2030 [1] - The communication and control systems for the manned space program have significantly improved, with coverage increasing from 15% in 2003 to nearly full coverage today [2] Group 1 - The Chinese space station has hosted 9 mission crews and conducted 6 space rendezvous [1] - The successful escape flight test of the new generation of crewed spacecraft marks a major breakthrough in the lunar exploration program [1] - The space application system aims to support scientific research by integrating various disciplines into a compact experimental cabinet in space [2] Group 2 - The communication system now allows for smooth audio and video communication between astronauts and ground control, a significant improvement from the early days of the program [2] - The design of the experimental cabinet includes key technologies such as lightweight and high-load structural dynamics to meet future scientific research needs [2] - The goal is to collaborate with scientists to explore the mysteries of the universe and realize the dream of a strong space nation [2]

"中国空间站关键核心技术具有完全自主知识产权，产品全部国产化，走出了一条高水平科技自立自强 的发展道路。"中国载人航天工程空间站系统总设计师、中国航天科技集团有限公司空间技术研究院研 究员杨宏介绍，中国空间站在总体设计方面有很多独到智慧。以空间站系统总体方案为例，团队是先顶 层设计再分工。首先进行10个专业的功能设计，包括结构密封承载以及能源、热控、信息、载人环境 等，系统确定功能和性能指标体系，再逐级向下分解。只有这样自顶向下的设计才能确保总体方案是最 优的。 杨宏记得，神舟飞船首任总设计师戚发轫院士经常跟他们讲："成功不等于成熟，一次成功不等于次次 成功，航天员的生命安全就在我们每个设计师的手中，假如你是一名航天员，你敢不敢乘坐你自己设计 的飞船上天？"他感慨，正是老一代航天人一丝不苟、严慎细实的工作作风，激励着一代又一代的航天 人接续奋斗，必须把关键核心技术牢牢掌握在自己手里。"后续，我们将研制并择机发射空间站扩展舱 段，不断提升中国空间站的能力。"杨宏说。 载人航天是复杂的系统工程，由14个大系统、上百个分系统组成，参与单位多达上千家，涉及数十万科 研人员，凝结着几代人的心血和汗水。 2022年12月 ...

Group 1 - The core message emphasizes the confidence in China's space technology and the rigorous training of astronauts, highlighted by the phrase "I feel good" upon exiting the spacecraft [1] - The communication coverage during manned space missions has significantly improved from 15% in 2003 to nearly full coverage today, ensuring smooth audio and video communication between astronauts and ground personnel [2] - The management of China's manned space program involves a dual-line system of administrative command and designer systems, ensuring comprehensive oversight from top-level planning to individual components [2][3] Group 2 - Unified management of overall technology, research quality, and infrastructure is crucial to avoid disconnection in traditional models, allowing for rapid problem-solving across all levels of the project [3] - The design management philosophy focuses on "overall priority, participation from all parties, and global optimization," integrating over 14 major systems and numerous research units into a cohesive operation [3] - The Chinese space station is currently operating safely in orbit, hosting nine mission crews and conducting various space application experiments, with plans to enhance its capabilities further [3] Group 3 - The team is actively working towards the goal of operating, applying, and developing the space station effectively, with a target of landing Chinese astronauts on the moon by 2030 [4] - A recent successful escape flight test of the new generation of crewed spacecraft marks a significant breakthrough in the lunar exploration program [4]

新征程上的奋斗者 南都讯 记者潘珊菊 发自北京 6月17日，国新办举行的"新征程上的奋斗者"记者见面会上，身着航天员 制服的特级航天员费俊龙一亮相，引来全场关注。 作为中国首批航天员，费俊龙过去执行过两次"飞天任务"：2005年10月，他担任指令长，和聂海胜一起 执行神舟六号载人飞行任务。时隔17年后的2022年11月，他再次担任指令长，和队友邓清明、张陆一起 执行神舟十五号载人航天飞行，见证中国航天史上首次"太空会师"，亲自经历见证中国空间站建成。 航天员费俊龙。 航天员出舱任务繁重，但在公众视野中，总能听到他们用"感觉良好"四个字回应大家的关切。"很多人 问我们在天上飞害不害怕？"费俊龙在现场用"我们真的不害怕，某种程度上是在享受"对外释疑。 他分享说，航天员在太空日程安排得非常紧，每一个操作动作、每一个操作流程，以及每一个设备的安 装、调试、监测等，都需要密切关注、记录以及监视，而且他们在上面还有生活制度。 "要天地同步，我们没有时间去害怕。"费俊龙说，航天员背后有很好的设计团队，他们乘坐的是那么好 的火箭、那么好的飞船、那么好的空间站，我们没有必要去害怕。 费俊龙在每次飞行的时候，都会通过悬舱回望地球 ...

新华社北京6月17日电 题：自立自强 逐梦太空——5位载人航天领域代表共话飞天征途 新华社记者刘艺 "探索太空永无止境，飞天圆梦永不停歇。"两度飞天的"英雄航天员"费俊龙说，中国航天人是一群仰望 星空的人，更是一群脚踏实地的人。 17日下午，国务院新闻办公室举行"新征程上的奋斗者"中外记者见面会，费俊龙和其他4位载人航天领 域代表围绕"自立自强发展载人航天"与中外记者交流，分享他们从事载人航天事业的亲历故事和心路历 程。 自力更生 艰苦奋斗 中国载人航天从起步之初就选择了独立自主的发展道路。30多年来，一代代航天人接续奋斗，实现了从 无到有，从千年飞天梦圆、到首次太空行走、再到实现空间建站，取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。 全程参与了载人航天工程"三步走"的中国载人航天工程空间站系统总设计师杨宏说："我们成功地建成 了具有当代科技水平的中国空间站，核心关键技术具有完全的自主知识产权，产品全部国产化，走出了 一条高水平科技自立自强的发展道路。" 中国载人航天工程空间应用系统总指挥助理张璐现场展示了天和核心舱科学实验柜的模型。利用具有中 国特色、国际领先的科学实验柜，复合材料、新型合金材料等正不断取得国际上的突破进展。 ...

自4月25日进驻中国空间站以来，神舟二十号乘组三名航天员陈冬、陈中瑞、王杰已在轨近一个月了，下面我们就来看看他们这一个月来的工作成绩。 乘组还按计划先后开展了首次医疗救护在轨训练，通过训练感受天地差异，熟悉微重力环境下的救护操作方式、施力特性等。进行了首次全系统压力应急演 练，模拟空间站面临内部失压情况时，航天员与地面人员"天地协同"进行紧急处置的全流程。 进驻中国空间站伊始，神二十乘组首先是熟悉环境，与神十九乘组进行了"太空换班"。交接了包括飞行器飞行状态设置、在轨物资状态及管理使用情况、延 续性工作进展情况等方面内容。 随后，神二十乘组完成了核心舱节点舱径向舱门空间碎片防护装置在轨安装工作，通过物理防护降低微小空间碎片撞击对舱门造成的不利影响。 在空间生命科学领域，"空间微重力和辐射环境对涡虫再生的影响及作用机制探索"实验开启，这是国内首次开展的涡虫空间再生实验。 在问天实验舱内，神二十乘组对生物技术实验柜内样品进行了观测，并完成了固体培养样品采集等工作，获取的相关数据及下行样品将助力科研人员开展细 胞组织培养模块微生物效应机制研究。 在航天医学实验领域，神二十乘组将上行的细胞实验单元转运至人系统研究机柜 ...

Core Points - The Shenzhou 19 spacecraft successfully returned to Earth on April 30, 2023, with three astronauts after a six-month mission in space, despite a one-day delay due to unfavorable weather conditions at the landing site [1][3][5] - The return process was executed smoothly, with the spacecraft separating from the space station and landing at a different location than usual, highlighting the increasing maturity of China's space station operations [1][3][7] Group 1: Mission Details - The return was delayed due to weather conditions, specifically wind speeds exceeding 15 meters per second, which necessitated the activation of emergency protocols [5] - The landing site was shifted from the usual western area to the eastern area, presenting new challenges due to the complex terrain, including deserts and soft ground [5][9] - The astronauts successfully exited the capsule approximately 50 minutes after landing, indicating a well-coordinated recovery operation [5][9] Group 2: Space Station Development - Since the launch of the Tianhe core module in April 2021, eight crewed missions have successfully returned, with the ninth crew currently on duty [7][11] - The space station is in its "youth" phase, with all systems functioning normally and meeting design specifications, ensuring stable operations [7][11] - Continuous upgrades to the space station's hardware and software systems have improved efficiency and operational capabilities, including the introduction of intelligent management systems [9][13] Group 3: Scientific Research and Future Plans - The Shenzhou 19 mission included various scientific experiments, such as studying the adaptability of humans in space, which are crucial for long-term space missions [13][15] - The Long March 5B rocket has significantly enhanced China's low Earth orbit capabilities, increasing capacity by over 2.5 times, which is essential for future space station expansions [15] - Upcoming missions in 2025 are expected to be more demanding, with a focus on reliability and safety improvements for the Long March 5B rocket [15]