荷兰国家铁路公司首席执行官沃特·库尔梅斯被任命为"组阁探索人"，负责与各党领袖接触，评估可能的联合政府方案。库尔梅斯曾长期在六六民 主党任职，并在上届政府中担任重要职务，后转任国家铁路公司高管。根据安排，库尔梅斯将于11月11日向议会提交初步组阁可能性的书面报 告。11月12日，新一届议会将举行宣誓就职仪式。11月13日，议会将就选举结果及组阁方向进行公开辩论，并可能决定下一阶段是否指定"组阁信 息人"推动具体谈判。 按惯例，荷兰组阁通常分为3个阶段：由"组阁探索人"评估可能性、继而由"组阁信息人"推动具体谈判、最后由"组阁人"敲定内阁名单。这个过程 可能持续数周甚至数月。首相人选则一般由执政联盟中议席最多的党派领袖出任，但也存在例外。比如，在2023年11月上届众议院选举后，成功 联合组阁的4个政党中，有三党均反对议席最多的极右翼自由党领袖维尔德斯出任首相。僵局持续许久，最后四党提名了一位执政联盟以外的无党 派人士、曾任荷兰国家情报与安全总局局长的迪克·斯霍夫出任首相。 2025年以来，荷兰政坛倒戈连连、危机频现。自斯霍夫去年7月正式就任首相起，还不到一年时间，维尔德斯便于今年6月宣布，因在难民庇护政 策上 ...

Core Viewpoint - The sudden announcement by Komeito to exit the ruling coalition with the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) marks a significant shift in Japanese politics, potentially leading to a "multi-party era" and increasing political instability [3][10]. Summary by Sections Reasons for the Split - Komeito's decision to leave the coalition is attributed to dissatisfaction with LDP's handling of political donations and a lack of satisfactory responses to their demands [4]. - The relationship has been strained due to differing political ideologies, with LDP being conservative and Komeito favoring liberalism, leading to fundamental disagreements [5][6]. Political Dynamics Post-Split - The upcoming prime ministerial election is crucial, as Komeito has stated it will not support LDP's candidate, which complicates LDP's path to securing a majority in the Diet [8]. - The LDP's reliance on other opposition parties, particularly the Democratic Party for the People, is now essential to achieve a majority, making the political landscape more competitive [9]. Historical Context and Future Implications - The dissolution of the coalition is seen as a pivotal moment in Japan's political history, reminiscent of the 1993 split that led to significant political upheaval [10]. - Analysts suggest that the current political fragmentation in Japan reflects a broader trend seen in Western democracies, where traditional parties struggle to maintain effective governance [13].

Core Viewpoint - The Komeito party's decision to exit the ruling coalition with the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) marks the end of a 26-year alliance, potentially leading Japan into a "multi-party era" due to ideological differences and electoral challenges [1][10]. Group 1: Reasons for the Split - The Komeito party's call for stricter regulations on political donations from businesses and organizations was not satisfactorily addressed by the LDP, prompting the split [2][4]. - The appointment of controversial figures within the LDP, such as former Prime Minister Taro Aso and Koichi Hagiuda, has contributed to Komeito's dissatisfaction and loss of trust [4][5]. - Fundamental ideological differences exist between the conservative LDP and the liberal Komeito, particularly regarding constitutional amendments and nationalistic sentiments [4][10]. Group 2: Political Implications - The upcoming prime ministerial election in the Diet is critical, as Komeito's withdrawal means the LDP can no longer rely solely on the Democratic Party for support to secure a majority [6][7]. - The potential for increased political maneuvering among opposition parties, particularly the Constitutional Democratic Party and the Democratic Party for the People, could reshape the political landscape [9][10]. - Analysts suggest that Japan may be entering a phase of political fragmentation, similar to the 1990s, where no single party can dominate, leading to instability and challenges in governance [10][12].

Core Viewpoint - The Komeito party's decision to exit the ruling coalition with the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) marks the end of a 26-year alliance, potentially leading Japan into a "multi-party era" [1][6]. Group 1: Reasons for the Split - The Komeito party's call for stricter regulations on political donations from businesses and organizations was not satisfactorily addressed by the LDP, prompting the split [2]. - The appointment of controversial figures within the LDP, such as Taro Aso and Koichi Hagiuda, has contributed to Komeito's dissatisfaction, as these individuals are viewed unfavorably by Komeito [2][3]. - The LDP's shift in focus towards courting other opposition parties, particularly the Constitutional Democratic Party, has further alienated Komeito, leading to a breakdown in trust [2]. Group 2: Political Implications - The upcoming prime ministerial election in the Diet is now significantly impacted, as Komeito has announced it will not support the LDP's candidate, making it difficult for the LDP to secure a majority [4]. - The potential for a more intense political struggle is anticipated, with opposition parties calling for unity to challenge the LDP's dominance [5]. - Analysts suggest that the dissolution of the coalition could lead to a political landscape similar to the fragmentation seen in the 1990s, where no single party can govern alone [6][7]. Group 3: Broader Trends - The exit of Komeito is seen as a significant turning point in Japanese politics, indicating a shift towards a fragmented political environment where traditional parties struggle to maintain control [6]. - The current political climate reflects a global trend of fragmentation, with rising populism and dissatisfaction with established parties [6][7].

Core Points - The European Parliament is set to hold a vote of no confidence against Ursula von der Leyen and her leadership of the European Commission, reflecting increasing political division within the EU [1][3] - The no-confidence motions were introduced by both the far-right "European Patriots" group and the left-wing group, highlighting a rare occurrence of simultaneous challenges to the Commission [3][4] - Von der Leyen's annual "State of the Union" address received mixed reactions, indicating a lack of consensus on key issues among EU member states [4][5] Political Division - The far-right group accuses the Commission of undermining European economic strength by pushing controversial trade agreements without member state approval, while the left criticizes its inaction during the recent Israel-Palestine conflict [3][4] - Member states are divided on energy policies, particularly regarding the phase-out of Russian fossil fuels, with Hungary and Slovakia opposing such measures due to concerns over energy prices [4][5] - The EU's internal divisions are further exacerbated by differing stances on trade agreements with the US, with a significant portion of the public viewing these agreements unfavorably [5][6] Reform Needs - There is a growing call for reform within the EU to address the fragmentation and inefficiency in decision-making processes, particularly the need to shift from unanimous voting to qualified majority voting in certain areas [10][11] - The rise of populist parties and political fragmentation has weakened traditional party structures, making it increasingly difficult for the EU to reach consensus on critical issues [8][9] - The EU's ability to adapt to changing political landscapes is seen as crucial for its future success, with suggestions for more flexible coalitions among member states to achieve specific policy goals [11][12]

Core Viewpoint - The upcoming vote of no confidence against Ursula von der Leyen and her leadership of the European Commission reflects increasing political division within the EU, highlighting the need for reform to bridge these divides [1][3][4]. Group 1: No Confidence Motion - The European Parliament will debate and vote on two no-confidence motions against von der Leyen from the far-right "European Patriots" group and the left-wing group, marking an unprecedented situation [3][4]. - The "European Patriots" group accuses the Commission of undermining Europe's economic strength by pushing controversial trade agreements without member state parliamentary authorization [3][4]. - The left-wing group criticizes the Commission for its inaction during the recent Israel-Palestine conflict [3][4]. Group 2: Political Fragmentation - Von der Leyen's annual "State of the Union" address received mixed reactions, indicating the fragmentation of EU politics, with various member states holding divergent views on key issues [4][6]. - The EU is experiencing a rise in populist parties and increased political fragmentation, making consensus more difficult among member states [8][9]. - The internal divisions are evident in the differing stances on trade agreements with South America, where some countries support the deal while others oppose it due to concerns over agricultural interests [6][8]. Group 3: Energy and Climate Policy - Von der Leyen announced plans to coordinate the 19th round of sanctions against Russia and accelerate the phase-out of Russian fossil fuels, which has garnered mixed support from member states [4][5]. - Some countries, like Hungary and Slovakia, oppose the phase-out due to concerns over energy prices and supply stability [4][5]. - The EU's energy and climate policies are under scrutiny, especially in light of the recent forest fires affecting approximately 1 million hectares of land [7]. Group 4: Trade Relations with the US - Von der Leyen defended a recent trade agreement with the US, claiming it secures the best possible outcomes for Europe, despite criticism that it may make Europe a subordinate to the US [5][6]. - Polls indicate that a significant portion of the population views the EU-US trade agreement unfavorably, with 52% considering it a "humiliation" [5][6]. - The internal conflict over the trade agreement highlights the challenges of maintaining a unified EU stance amid rising populism and political fragmentation [8][9]. Group 5: Governance Challenges - The EU faces governance challenges due to political fragmentation, making it increasingly difficult for member states to reach consensus on critical issues [9][10]. - Calls for reform of the EU's voting system, particularly moving from unanimous to qualified majority voting, have emerged as a potential solution to enhance decision-making efficiency [10][11]. - The need for flexibility and adaptability within the EU is emphasized as essential for its survival and effectiveness in the 21st century [12].

Group 1 - The article discusses the appointment of former Defense Minister Le Cornu as the new Prime Minister of France, marking the fifth prime ministerial change in two years, highlighting the instability in French politics [1][2] - The challenges faced by the new Prime Minister include addressing high government debt, fiscal imbalance, and political fragmentation, which are critical for the sustainability of his tenure [1][2] - The article notes that the French government has been struggling with a rising deficit and debt rate, necessitating both spending cuts and increased tax revenues, which have led to public discontent [2][3] Group 2 - France's government debt has significantly increased over the past two decades, surpassing the 60% international warning line, with notable spikes during the 2009 Eurozone crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic [3][4] - The article indicates that the French government's deficit rate reached historical highs of 7.9% in 2009 and 8.84% in 2020, remaining above the 3% international warning line in subsequent years [4] - The economic growth rate in France has stagnated around 1% since 2012, contributing to the frequent changes in the prime ministerial position and the ongoing fiscal challenges [4]