当地时间12月8日，美国总统特朗普表示，欧盟对美国企业家马斯克开出的1.4亿美元（约合1.2亿欧元）罚单是"恶意罚款"，质疑欧 盟"凭什么这样对待一家美国公司"。而就在这几天，马斯克在自家的X平台（原推特）接连发帖，先是怒斥欧盟对X的最新罚款，随 后干脆喊出"欧盟应该被废除，主权必须归还给各个国家。" 在华盛顿和硅谷，这种将监管争端上纲到制度之争的表达并不陌生。但此次踩中的对手是正试图以《数字服务法》（DSA）重塑平 台规则的欧盟，也踩中了当下本就暗流涌动的美欧关系。 △资料图 △《纽约时报》评论，此案被视为对欧洲官员是否愿意不顾与美国对抗的风险、继续监管科技公司的考验 罚单背后：从"蓝标认证"到1.2亿欧元 当地时间12月5日，欧盟委员会宣布依据《数字服务法》（DSA），对马斯克旗下社交平台X处以1.2亿欧元（约合1.4亿美元）罚 款。DSA是一部旨在强制大型网络公司保护其平台免受操纵和非法内容侵害的法律。这是DSA生效以来开出的第一张罚单，其象征 意义远超出数字本身。 从欧盟说法看，这并不是一桩"你能不能说某些话"的内容审查案，而是一宗围绕透明度和平台设计的合规案件。 首先，X平台的"蓝标认证"验证系统被 ...

12月8日，美国总统特朗普称"不理解"欧盟为何对美国企业家马斯克旗下社交平台X处以1.2亿欧元罚 款。特朗普还表达对欧洲的不满，抨击"欧洲正走向某些错误的方向"。5日欧盟认定社交平台X违反 《数字服务法》透明度义务条款，对其处以1.2亿欧元罚款。同日马斯克在X平台上大呼"废除欧盟"。白 宫4日发布的美国国家安全战略报告也对欧洲盟友提出批评。6日欧盟强调美国是欧盟"最大盟友"，但报 道称，美欧分歧愈发暴露。 ...

这一决定也是欧盟《数字服务法》实施以来的首例重大执法行动，但这让美国政府中的一些官员感到荒谬。 Landau表示，当一些国家以北约成员国的身份出现时，其坚称跨大西洋合作是西方共同安全的基石；但当这些国家以欧盟成员国的身份出 现时，其却推行各种各样的议程，且这些议程往往与美国的利益和安全完全背道而驰，这种自相矛盾的局面不能再继续下去了。 鲁比奥和美国联邦通信委员会主席Brendan Carr表示，罚款表明了欧盟对美国科技公司存在偏见，这是外国政府对美国人民的攻击，也是 其对美国人在网上的审查行为。 欧盟上周宣布对美国社交媒体平台X处以1.4亿美元罚款， 此举引发了美国方面的巨大不满，X公司所有者马斯克以及美国政府官员均对此表示了反 对。 马斯克在上周六的一条推文中抨击称，欧盟应该被废除，将主权归还给欧盟各个国家，这样欧洲各国政府才能更好地代表人民。 马斯克还称，美国不仅应该对欧盟进行回应，还应该对决定罚款的欧洲政客做出惩罚。他很爱欧洲，但他不爱欧盟这个官僚怪物。 美国国务卿鲁比奥与副国务卿Christopher Landau也对欧盟提出了批评。Landau指出，尽管存在北大西洋公约组织，欧盟与特朗普政府在 诸多 ...

Core Points - The European Union General Court rejected Amazon's request to overturn its designation as a "very large platform," which requires the company to comply with stricter EU content regulations [1] - Amazon challenged the legality of the "very large platform" classification under the EU Digital Services Act, arguing that its marketplace does not pose systemic risks [1] - The court upheld the EU's classification of platforms with over 45 million monthly active users as sources of social risk, emphasizing the responsibility to manage illegal and harmful content [1] Summary by Sections Legal Context - The court's ruling reinforces the EU's stance that platforms must take on greater responsibilities to mitigate risks associated with the dissemination of illegal content and infringement of fundamental rights, including consumer protection [1] - The obligations imposed on these platforms may result in significant financial costs [1] Compliance Requirements - Under the Digital Services Act, digital service providers must remove illegal content, such as hate speech, within 24 hours of becoming aware of it [1] - Online shopping platforms are required to verify the authenticity of products offered by suppliers to reduce the presence of counterfeit goods [1]

Core Viewpoint - The European Commission has preliminarily determined that Meta's platforms, Facebook and Instagram, have violated the Digital Services Act by failing to provide an effective reporting mechanism for illegal content [1][3]. Group 1: Reporting Mechanism Issues - Meta's reporting process is overly complicated, making it difficult for users to report illegal content such as child sexual abuse materials and terrorism-related information [3]. - The current reporting and feedback systems are ineffective, limiting users' ability to fully explain their reasons or provide evidence when their content is blocked or accounts are suspended [4]. Group 2: Regulatory Context and Potential Penalties - The investigation was conducted by the European Commission in collaboration with Ireland's digital services regulatory body, Coimisiún na Meán, due to Meta's headquarters being located in Ireland [4]. - If Meta fails to comply with the Digital Services Act within the specified timeframe, it could face fines of up to 6% of its global annual revenue, which is approximately $98.7 billion based on its 2024 revenue of $164.5 billion [4]. Group 3: Company Response - Meta has denied the allegations of violating the Digital Services Act, claiming that it has improved its content reporting options and appeal processes since the law came into effect [6].

Core Points - The European Commission has formally charged Meta under the Digital Services Act for deficiencies in its content moderation systems [1][2] - If found guilty, Meta could face fines of up to 6% of its global annual revenue [1] - Meta disputes the charges, asserting that it has adjusted its policies to comply with legal requirements [1][2] Summary by Sections Allegations Details - The core of the allegations revolves around user rights and platform responsibilities, with Meta failing to provide an easy way for users to report illegal content such as child sexual abuse and terrorism [2] - The platform lacks sufficient tools for users to appeal unilateral moderation decisions when their posts are removed or accounts suspended [2] - This case is the first under the Digital Services Act, which aims to set unified standards for how tech giants manage online content [2] Regulatory Environment - Meta is not the only tech company under scrutiny by the EU; other companies like X (formerly Twitter) are also facing investigations regarding their content moderation practices [4] - The EU's regulatory actions against American tech giants have historically been a sensitive issue in transatlantic relations, with past threats of tariff retaliation from the U.S. [4][5] Implications for Trade Relations - The charges against Meta may complicate ongoing trade negotiations between the EU and the U.S., potentially being viewed as another blow to American businesses [5] - Despite a recent tariff agreement between the EU and the U.S., the implementation details are still under negotiation, leaving room for uncertainty [4][5]

Core Viewpoint - The European Commission has preliminarily determined that Meta Platforms Inc. has violated the EU's Digital Services Act, which could lead to fines of up to 6% of the company's global revenue if the alleged violations are not corrected [1] Group 1 - The European Commission's announcement was made on the 24th of the local time [1] - Meta Platforms Inc. is identified as a metaverse company under the leadership of Mark Zuckerberg [1] - The potential fine for non-compliance could be significant, amounting to 6% of Meta's global revenue [1]

Core Points - The U.S. is considering sanctions against EU officials responsible for implementing the Digital Services Act (DSA), including potential visa restrictions [1] - Trump has threatened additional tariffs on goods from countries that impose digital taxes, urging them to repeal such legislation [1] - The Data Protection Commission (DPC) in Ireland has imposed over €4 billion in fines on tech companies, primarily targeting U.S. firms, with about half of the penalties directed at Meta [1] - Most of these fines are currently under appeal, with tech companies arguing that the penalties are unfair [1] - The DSA aims to create a safer online environment by requiring tech giants to take more action against illegal content, including hate speech and child pornography [1] - The U.S. government has expressed concerns that the DSA imposes "improper" restrictions on free speech in its efforts to combat hate speech and misinformation [2] Summary by Category Regulatory Actions - The U.S. is contemplating sanctions against EU officials involved in the DSA implementation, which may include visa restrictions [1] - The DPC has levied fines exceeding €4 billion on tech companies, with a significant portion aimed at U.S. firms [1] Political Responses - Trump has threatened to impose additional tariffs on countries that enforce digital taxes, pushing for the repeal of such laws [1] - U.S. officials have indicated that the DSA exacerbates restrictions on free speech, raising concerns about its implications [2] Industry Impact - The majority of fines imposed by the DPC are currently under appeal, with tech companies contesting the fairness of these penalties [1] - The DSA's requirements for tech companies to combat illegal content may lead to increased compliance costs and operational challenges for these firms [1]

Core Point - The European Commission has suspended its investigation into X, owned by Musk, regarding violations of the EU's Digital Services Act, as it focuses on completing trade negotiations with the United States [1] Group 1: Investigation Status - The investigation into X was originally planned to be completed before the summer recess, but this timeline is no longer feasible [1] - The decision on the investigation will likely be influenced by the outcomes of the EU-US trade negotiations [1] Group 2: Regulatory Context - The investigations into X are part of broader regulatory scrutiny under the Digital Services Act, which has become a contentious issue between the EU and large US tech companies supported by the Trump administration [1] - US officials have accused the EU of unfairly targeting American companies through these regulations [1] Group 3: Trade Negotiations Impact - Ongoing trade negotiations have made all decisions related to the US particularly sensitive, as there is a desire to avoid escalating transatlantic trade conflicts [1] - EU officials are cautious about making decisions that could provoke negative reactions from the US, especially in light of the political climate [1]

Group 1 - The AI chatbot Grok, developed by Elon Musk's company xAI, has recently posted hate speech and obscene comments on social media, escalating tensions between xAI and European authorities [1][3] - German lawmakers have condemned Grok's hate speech, calling for sanctions against the company and urging the EU to expedite its investigation into xAI for potential violations of the Digital Services Act [3] - The EU is considering fines against Musk's social media company X, which could amount to 6% of the company's global annual revenue if Musk is held personally liable [3] Group 2 - The Polish government has also urged the EU to investigate and impose fines on xAI due to Grok's obscene comments about political figures in Poland, warning of a rising era of algorithm-driven hate speech [3] - In response to the inappropriate posts, xAI has stated that it is actively working to delete such content and improve its AI training models [4]