记者 王珍 中国央行在2025年第一季度货币政策执行报告中指出，价格调控思路上，要从以前的管高价转向管低价。如何做好"管低价"，分析人士认为，短 期内应保持消费品以旧换新政策的稳定性，同时着眼于提振服务消费，长期则要谋划"新供给侧改革"，提高居民最终消费支出在GDP中的比重。 物价与居民生活和企业生产经营密切相关，是各国宏观调控关注的重要变量。物价水平是多方面因素共同作用的结果，根本上由供求关系决定。 近年来，我国实体经济供强需弱的矛盾持续存在，主要价格指标低位运行，物价受关注度进一步上升。 受食品和能源价格拖累，居民消费价格指数（CPI） 同比增速连续四个月负增长，但剔除了食品和能源价格的核心CPI则自去年10月以来明显回 升。由于食品和能源价格易受天气、地缘政治等因素的影响，波动较大且具有短期性，因此，核心CPI更能反映经济整体的供需关系，也是提振 价格的关键所在。 分析人士指出，核心CPI可以拆分为核心商品、居住服务、其他服务三大类。去年10月以来核心CPI同比涨幅回升明显，很大程度上得益于消费品 以旧换新政策带动耐用消费品价格回升。 在以旧换新政策带动下，家用器具价格同比增速从2024年10月的-3. ...

Group 1: CPI Trends and Influences - Since February 2025, CPI has experienced four consecutive months of negative growth, primarily driven by food and energy prices, while core CPI has shown a significant recovery since September 2024[1] - The average CPI year-on-year growth from February to May 2025 was -0.25%, with food contributing -0.24 percentage points and energy contributing -0.29 percentage points, while core CPI contributed +0.28 percentage points[1] - The CPI growth target was adjusted from 3% to 2% in March 2025, indicating a shift in policy focus from preventing high prices to preventing low prices[1] Group 2: Core CPI Components - Core CPI can be divided into three main components: core goods, housing services, and other services, with housing services being a significant drag on core CPI growth[1] - Housing services prices have averaged 0.07% since 2022, down from 1.74% from 2013 to 2022, contributing approximately 0.4 percentage points to the decline in core CPI growth[1] - Other services prices are closely linked to overall wage trends, with a potential for price increases driven by rising demand and improved corporate profits[1] Group 3: Policy Recommendations - To boost core CPI, service consumption subsidies are recommended, which could increase core CPI by approximately 0.3 percentage points, offsetting the negative impact from declining housing service prices[1] - The expected core CPI growth for the second half of 2025 is projected to reach around 1.0% before slightly declining, remaining within the 0.6%-1.0% range[1] - The core goods price is expected to rise initially before a slight decline, while housing service prices are anticipated to remain stable around zero[1]