Core Viewpoint - The United Nations General Assembly held a high-level meeting on September 26 to commemorate and promote the "International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons," urging member states to fulfill relevant treaties and advance nuclear disarmament efforts [1] Group 1: Nuclear Disarmament Advocacy - UN Secretary-General António Guterres emphasized the increasing complexity and unpredictability of the global nuclear arms race, highlighting the rising risks of conflict escalation and misjudgment, and called for nuclear-armed states to resume dialogue towards the total elimination of nuclear weapons [1] - The President of the 80th UN General Assembly, Dennis Francis, stated that the UN has effective frameworks for reducing nuclear dangers, such as the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, which all member states, including nuclear-armed countries, must adhere to [1] Group 2: Global Security Concerns - China's Permanent Representative to the UN, Geng Shuang, remarked that nuclear weapons pose a significant security threat to all nations, advocating for a complete ban and total destruction of nuclear weapons to ultimately establish a world free of nuclear arms, which aligns with the common interests of humanity [1] - Geng also noted the current complex international security landscape, with ongoing geopolitical conflicts, presenting unprecedented challenges to the nuclear disarmament process, and emphasized the need for the international community to work together to promote nuclear disarmament, prevent nuclear proliferation, and reduce nuclear risks [1] Group 3: Historical Context - The UN General Assembly passed a resolution in December 2013 designating September 26 as the "International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons," aimed at reminding the global community of the threats posed by nuclear weapons and the necessity for their complete elimination [1]

Core Points - South African President Ramaphosa emphasized the need for international cooperation to address global challenges and defend multilateralism during the 80th UN General Assembly [1] - He called for reforms in international financial institutions to support developing countries with fairer lending rules and highlighted the importance of maintaining the World Trade Organization's core role in global trade [1] - Ramaphosa pointed out the severe impacts of climate change on African nations, urging UN member states to adhere to their commitments in combating climate change [1] Group 1 - Ramaphosa criticized unilateral military actions and trade protectionism as threats to multilateralism and international law [1] - He highlighted the heavy debt burden hindering sustainable development in many African countries [1] - The President condemned Israel's actions in Gaza as "genocide" and called for the international community to implement the "two-state solution" [2] Group 2 - Ramaphosa stressed the need for nuclear disarmament and mentioned South Africa's role in the 2026 review conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons [2] - He urged countries to reaffirm their commitment to equality, dignity, and collective security in the context of the UN's 80th anniversary [2]

Core Points - South African President Ramaphosa emphasized the need for international cooperation to address global challenges and defend multilateralism during the 80th UN General Assembly [1] - He called for reforms in the UN Security Council to enhance its representativeness and effectiveness, citing its current inadequacies in maintaining international peace [1] - Ramaphosa highlighted the heavy debt burden hindering sustainable development in many African countries and urged for fairer lending rules from international financial institutions [1] - He stressed the importance of reforming the multilateral trading system to protect developing countries from unilateral trade policies that threaten global stability [1] - The impact of climate change on African nations was underscored, with Ramaphosa calling for adherence to the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" in addressing climate commitments [1] Peace and Security Issues - Ramaphosa condemned Israel's actions in Gaza as "genocide" and urged the international community to fully implement the "two-state solution" [2] - He advocated for advancing nuclear disarmament and announced that South Africa will host the 2026 review conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons [2] - On the 80th anniversary of the UN, he called for countries to draw wisdom and build consensus to reaffirm commitments to equality, dignity, and collective security [2]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the need to confront historical issues to pave the way for a brighter future, highlighting Asia's spirit of tolerance as a driving force for lasting world peace [2][6] - The speech covered five main topics: UN reform, the Middle East, nuclear disarmament, North Korea, and development [4] - Japan's long-standing support for a two-state solution between Israel and Palestine was reiterated, with a warning that Japan may consider new measures if Israel continues unilateral actions [4][6] Group 2 - The speech criticized Israel's actions in the Middle East while urging Palestine to take responsible measures, such as releasing hostages held by Hamas [4] - Japan has not yet recognized Palestine, unlike France, the UK, and Canada, which have done so during the UN General Assembly [6] - The call for UN reform included expanding the seats of both permanent and non-permanent members of the Security Council, addressing the limitations of the current UN structure [6] Group 3 - The discussion on nuclear disarmament highlighted the necessity of a collaborative approach between nuclear and non-nuclear states under the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) [6] - The speech included a critique of North Korea's nuclear development as a significant threat to international peace and security [6]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that China appreciates Russia's willingness to continue adhering to the New START treaty's restrictions for one year after its expiration, emphasizing the importance of nuclear disarmament responsibilities for both the US and Russia [1] - China maintains a consistent stance on the New START treaty, advocating for both the US and Russia to fulfill their special and priority responsibilities in nuclear disarmament [1] - The New START treaty, signed in 2010, aims to limit the number of nuclear warheads and delivery systems deployed by the US and Russia, originally set to last for 10 years but extended to February 5, 2026 [1]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that China supports Russia's commitment to adhere to the core limitations of the New START treaty after its expiration and emphasizes the importance of nuclear disarmament by the US and Russia [2][3] - China calls for the US and Russia, as the two countries with the largest nuclear arsenals, to fulfill their special and priority responsibilities in nuclear disarmament and to restore the execution of the New START treaty [2] - There is a call for further substantial and legally binding reductions in nuclear arsenals in a verifiable and irreversible manner, which aligns with the expectations of the international community [2]

Core Viewpoint - China appreciates Russia's positive stance on continuing to adhere to the New START treaty's restrictions for one year after its expiration [1] Group 1: Russia's Position - Russian President Putin announced that the New START treaty will expire on February 5 next year, but Russia is willing to continue following its restrictions for one year [1] - Putin stated that Russia would only continue to comply if the U.S. takes similar actions [1] Group 2: China's Stance - China's position on the New START treaty is consistent, emphasizing that the U.S. and Russia, as the two countries with the largest nuclear arsenals, should fulfill their special and priority responsibilities in nuclear disarmament [1] - China calls for the restoration of the New START treaty's execution and discussions on subsequent arrangements, advocating for significant and verifiable reductions in nuclear arsenals in a legally binding manner [1] Group 3: Treaty Background - The New START treaty was signed by Russia and the U.S. in 2010 to limit the number of deployed nuclear warheads and delivery systems [1] - The treaty officially came into effect on February 5, 2011, originally set for a 10-year term, which was later extended until February 5, 2026 [1]

Core Viewpoint - China emphasizes that the development and strengthening of its nuclear deterrent forces are aimed at maintaining national security, territorial integrity, and sovereignty, contributing to global and regional peace [1][2]. Group 1: Nuclear Disarmament and Security Guarantees - The report released by the China Arms Control and Disarmament Association and the China National Nuclear Corporation discusses providing legally binding negative security assurances to non-nuclear weapon states, which is crucial for advancing nuclear disarmament and global governance in the nuclear field [1][2]. - There is an increasing demand from non-nuclear weapon states for negotiations to establish international legal documents for nuclear security assurances, highlighting the urgency and importance of nuclear-armed states providing such guarantees [2]. Group 2: China's Nuclear Policy - China maintains a policy of not being the first to use nuclear weapons and has committed to not using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapon states, a stance that has remained consistent since China acquired nuclear capabilities [2]. - The development of China's nuclear capabilities is framed as a means of self-defense, aimed at breaking the nuclear monopoly and coercion by nuclear powers, reinforcing the narrative of promoting peace [2]. Group 3: International Nuclear Negotiations - In response to U.S. President Trump's comments on nuclear disarmament negotiations involving China, the Chinese Foreign Ministry stated that the largest nuclear powers, the U.S. and Russia, should take the lead in significant reductions of their nuclear arsenals, as they hold over 90% of the world's nuclear weapons [3]. - The call for China to join trilateral nuclear disarmament talks with the U.S. and Russia is deemed unreasonable and unrealistic due to the differing scales of nuclear capabilities and strategic environments [3].

Core Viewpoint - The report titled "Providing Security Guarantees to Non-Nuclear Weapon States: From Political Commitments to International Legal Documents" emphasizes the importance of legally binding security guarantees for non-nuclear weapon states to advance nuclear disarmament and global governance in the nuclear field [1][2][3]. Group 1: Report Overview - The report is the first of its kind from Chinese academic institutions focusing on security guarantees for non-nuclear weapon states, consisting of six chapters and approximately 11,000 words [7]. - It objectively analyzes the basic situation of non-nuclear security, major national policy positions, significant implications, and real challenges [7]. - The report aims to gather international consensus and explore practical measures for negotiating international legal documents on non-nuclear security [7]. Group 2: Key Statements from Officials - Cheng Jingye, President of the China Arms Control and Disarmament Association, stated that eliminating the threat of nuclear weapons aligns with the common interests of humanity and that providing legally binding security guarantees is crucial for advancing nuclear disarmament [2]. - Luo Qingping, Chairman of the China Nuclear Strategic Planning Research Institute, highlighted the importance of these guarantees for achieving nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation goals, as well as promoting international and regional peace and security [2][3]. - The report reflects China's commitment to actively engage in discussions on non-nuclear security and aims to encourage the international community to take effective actions on this issue [2][3].

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government asserts that the request for China to join trilateral nuclear disarmament talks with the US and Russia is neither reasonable nor realistic, emphasizing that its nuclear capabilities are maintained at the minimum level necessary for national security [1] Summary by Relevant Sections - **Nuclear Disarmament Negotiations** - The Chinese government has noted the discussions between the US and Russia regarding nuclear arsenal reduction and has expressed that it does not intend to participate in trilateral negotiations [1] - The spokesperson highlighted that countries with the largest nuclear arsenals should take primary responsibility for nuclear disarmament and significantly reduce their stockpiles to create conditions for comprehensive disarmament [1] - **China's Nuclear Policy** - China maintains a policy of no first use of nuclear weapons and adheres to a self-defense nuclear strategy, keeping its nuclear forces at the lowest level necessary for national security [1] - The spokesperson reiterated that China's nuclear capabilities and policies contribute positively to global peace and do not engage in an arms race with any country [1]