Core Insights - The article highlights the growing investment in nuclear fusion companies in China and the United States, with a total of over 100 billion RMB in funding for 12 domestic companies and approximately 26.9 billion RMB for 9 U.S. companies [1][2]. Domestic Investment Landscape - In China, nuclear fusion commercialization is in its early stages, with significant investments from state-owned enterprises, national funds, and local government capital [1]. - The total funding for domestic nuclear fusion companies has surpassed 100 billion RMB, indicating strong governmental and institutional support [1]. U.S. Nuclear Fusion Companies - The U.S. nuclear fusion sector is marked by 23 publicly disclosed investment events, with a total estimated funding of 26.9 billion RMB [1]. - Key players in the U.S. include Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Pacific Fusion, Helion, and Zap Energy, each securing over 1 billion RMB in funding [1][2]. Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS) - CFS, founded in 2018, focuses on commercializing nuclear fusion by leveraging decades of research from MIT [4]. - The company has raised over 2 billion USD, making it the most funded startup in the nuclear fusion sector, with notable investors including Tiger Global, Bill Gates, and Google [6]. Pacific Fusion - Established in 2023, Pacific Fusion has quickly attracted attention, securing 900 million USD in funding led by General Catalyst [9]. - The company focuses on pulse magnetic-driven inertial confinement fusion, utilizing advanced techniques to achieve fusion conditions [8]. Helion - Founded in 2013, Helion has raised approximately 570 million USD, with significant milestones including achieving plasma heating to 100 million degrees Celsius [10][11]. - The company is working on the Polaris project, which aims to demonstrate net electricity production from fusion [11]. Zap Energy - Zap Energy, established in 2017, has made significant progress in funding, completing a 160 million USD Series C round in 2022 [13]. - The company collaborates with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to advance its fusion technology [12]. Investment Trends - The article identifies active investors in the nuclear fusion space, including Lowercarbon Capital and Breakthrough Energy Ventures, both focused on climate change solutions [17][18]. - Lowercarbon Capital has made five investments in nuclear fusion companies, while Breakthrough Energy Ventures, founded by Bill Gates, has invested in multiple U.S. firms [17][18]. Global Investment Landscape - Other notable investors include Khosla Ventures, Starlight Ventures, Capricorn Investment Group, and Mithril Capital Management, all of which have shown interest in the nuclear fusion sector [19][21][22]. - Tencent has also participated in funding a European fusion technology company, First Light Fusion, indicating a broader interest in fusion technology beyond domestic investments [22].

Core Viewpoint - Biodiversity investment is emerging as a crucial investment area, distinct from climate change investment, aiming to protect, restore, and sustainably utilize biodiversity while achieving both ecological benefits and economic returns, thus playing a vital role in promoting global sustainable development [2][4]. Group 1: Importance of Biodiversity Investment - Biodiversity investment can leverage innovative financial tools such as natural capital bonds and biodiversity credit trading to enhance capital market returns [7]. - The global biodiversity crisis poses significant threats to ecosystem stability and sustainable development, making biodiversity investment a core challenge for global sustainability [4][6]. Group 2: Strategic Significance - The "Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework" established clear action guidelines for addressing biodiversity loss, including the "30 by 30" target to protect at least 30% of global land and marine areas by 2030 [6]. - Biodiversity investment is expected to become a key component of global sustainable development strategies, complementing climate change investment [7]. Group 3: Differences from Climate Change Investment - Biodiversity investment differs from climate change investment in terms of accounting methods, loss characteristics, and policy execution [7][10]. - The complexity of biodiversity accounting is higher than that of carbon accounting, as biodiversity loss often occurs in agriculture and illegal logging, making it difficult to track [8]. Group 4: Challenges in Biodiversity Investment - Biodiversity loss has significant local and temporal characteristics, meaning that restoration costs and impacts vary greatly depending on geographic location and timing [9]. - Policy responses to biodiversity loss cannot directly apply climate change strategies due to regional differences and the lack of standardized accounting methods [10]. Group 5: Theoretical Support for Policy Design - Biodiversity investment can benefit from economic models used in climate change investment, such as the Ramsey Model, which aids in evaluating the cost-effectiveness of biodiversity protection schemes [10]. - Integrated assessment models can quantify the benefits of biodiversity investment within the context of global trade and ecological systems [10].