报告建议，在氮肥生产端，需要优化能源结构和提高能源利用效率、发展绿氨替代灰氨等方面的技术； 同时完善政策体系与管理机制，制定氮肥行业低碳发展技术路线图，引导产业布局优化。在氮肥消费 端，重点推广"4R"（Right Source、Right Rate、Right Time、Right Place）氮肥优化管理策略，通过采用 新型肥料、精准施肥技术体系等方式，实现采用适宜的氮肥品种、正确的氮肥用量、最佳的施肥时间和 位置，最终减少肥料的浪费和温室气体排放。 根据联合国报告，全球75%的人为氧化亚氮排放来自于农业活动，其中化肥施用与畜禽粪肥管理贡献了 农业氧化亚氮排放总量的90%，其减排成效直接关系到《巴黎协定》1.5℃温控目标的实现。 中国作为全球最大的氮肥生产与消费国，氮肥产业贡献了全国33%的氧化亚氮排放。在近日召开的"农 业非二氧化碳温室气体减排与食物安全协同发展"会议上，美国环保协会北京代表处人与自然高级主任 裘盈在接受21世纪经济报道记者采访时表示，氮肥的利用效率是问题的关键。目前，中国氮肥平均利用 率大约为28%-41%，同时，氮肥过量施用现象普遍，不仅造成土壤大面积酸化、水体富营养化等生态 环境问 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment, in collaboration with the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, has issued an action plan to control nitrous oxide emissions in the industrial sector, emphasizing technological innovation and effective emission reduction strategies [1][2]. Group 1: Emission Control Strategies - The action plan aims to enhance technological innovation and improve emission management capabilities, focusing on reducing nitrous oxide emissions in the adipic acid, nitric acid, and caprolactam industries [2]. - The effective control of nitrous oxide emissions in the industrial sector is expected to provide climate benefits, environmental benefits through pollution control, and economic benefits through resource utilization [2]. Group 2: Current Emission Data - In 2021, nitrous oxide emissions in China accounted for approximately 4.3% of total greenhouse gas emissions, with industrial nitrous oxide emissions estimated at 154 million tons of CO2 equivalent [1]. - The primary sources of nitrous oxide emissions in the industrial sector are the production processes of adipic acid, nitric acid, and caprolactam, with adipic acid being the largest contributor [1]. Group 3: Future Directions - The action plan encourages companies to innovate production processes, optimize reaction conditions, and enhance resource utilization efficiency, thereby promoting a transition towards a green, low-carbon, and sustainable industrial chain [2]. - Since 2021, China has gradually included nitrous oxide emission data from nitric acid production in the national carbon market, indicating a move towards more comprehensive emission reporting and management [2].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the joint action plan issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology to control nitrous oxide emissions in the industrial sector. Group 1: Key Tasks - Promote nitrous oxide emission reduction by encouraging industrial product manufacturers to use treatment equipment and catalysts to effectively reduce emissions, and to recycle and purify nitrous oxide tail gas in adipic acid production [1] - Improve supporting policies for nitrous oxide control by researching funding channels to support the construction of recovery and reduction devices, and accelerate the use of market mechanisms to encourage emission reductions in the industrial sector [1] - Strengthen technological innovation by continuously conducting research and development of key technologies, establishing demonstration projects, and supporting the declaration of relevant technologies for national low-carbon technology promotion [1] Group 2: Collaborative Efforts - Enhance collaborative management of nitrous oxide in the industrial sector by exploring the establishment of a collaborative control system for nitrogen oxides and conducting environmental impact assessments for key industries [1] - Strengthen the monitoring, reporting, and verification system for nitrous oxide emissions by establishing reporting systems for key enterprises and developing monitoring and emission standards [1] - Enhance international exchange and cooperation by actively participating in global dialogues and collaborations on nitrous oxide emission control in the industrial sector [2]

"我们在调研中发现，60%～80%的稻田都会采用中期晒田的甲烷减排技术。技术普及度高并非因为减 排，而是因为能控制无效分蘖，促进根系发育，实现节本省工、提高产量。"近日，在绿色低碳农食系 统实践者平台2025年会上，中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所研究员王斌在接受21世纪经济 报道记者采访时表示。 此外，极端气候也给种植业高产带来新挑战。以华北地区为例，近年来夏季暖湿化趋势明显，高温高湿 与极端暴雨成为常态，低洼田块夏季作物玉米因不耐涝，常遭遇严重减产。 "考虑到华北地区降雨量在2020年后明显增加，低洼田块很容易涝渍，这些易涝田块夏季作物从玉米改 为水稻可能作为一种应对策略，实际上在五十年前华北也存在一定的水稻种植规模，但种水稻需人工灌 溉，会增加投入，干旱年份风险较大，同时甲烷排放也会增加。"王斌表示，这就需要筛选节水抗旱且 高产低排放的水稻品种，在低洼田块解决雨养可行性、与小麦茬口衔接等问题，通过种植制度改变提升 气候韧性。 针对低碳与高产如何协同的问题，王斌强调技术组合应用是破局关键，需从灌溉优化、肥料管理、品种 选育等多维度发力。在水稻减排方面，中期晒田、间歇性灌溉或干湿交替等控水技术甲烷减 ...