愿景虽宏伟，但因严重缺乏约束力，致使该项承诺面临"重计划、重监测、轻约束、轻实施"的尴尬局 面。计划方面，尽管美欧要求所有参与国在2022年COP27前制定或更新国家甲烷减排行动计划，但并未 明确具体行动措施。监管方面，联合国建立了油气企业甲烷排放监测报告机制，目前154家参与企业覆 盖全球约42%的油气产量，但2025年这些企业报告排放250万吨甲烷(折算年排放量)，较上年仍有所增 加。联合国最新报告显示，当前减排速度无法实现2010年既定目标。更何况，美国特朗普政府正在放松 对甲烷的监管措施。 针对目前的问题，许多业者已经开始反思。联合国最新报告指出，一些能源企业正提升甲烷报告质量， 强调基于测量的可靠数据不仅指导高效减排，更是追踪甲烷排放变化、评估气候目标进展的关键。但这 仍然是企业的主动行动，并没有太强的约束力。 近日，在巴西举行的COP30讨论了启动"甲烷大协作"以快速控制全球变暖的议题。这一讨论的背景是 COP26气候峰会上提出"全球甲烷承诺"以来，许多国家未能以达成全球变温控制目标所需的速度削减甲 烷排放，致使该承诺并未兑现其阶段性目标这一事实。笔者认为，缺乏约束手段是"全球甲烷承诺"无法 兑现 ...

Core Viewpoint - The adoption of mid-term drying technology for methane reduction in rice paddies is high, primarily driven by cost savings and yield improvement rather than emission reduction [1] Group 1: Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions - Methane and nitrous oxide are significant non-CO2 greenhouse gases in agriculture, with rice cultivation and nitrogen fertilizer application being major sources [1] - China's methane emissions from rice cultivation showed a "growth then stabilization" trend from 1994 to 2021, while nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural land significantly decreased after 2012 due to fertilizer reduction policies [1] Group 2: Challenges in Emission Reduction - Achieving simultaneous goals of emission reduction, high yield, and low cost in agriculture is challenging, as practices like controlled irrigation can lower methane emissions but may increase nitrous oxide emissions and affect crop stability [2] - Extreme weather conditions, such as increased rainfall in North China, pose new challenges for crop yields, necessitating a shift in crop types and cultivation strategies [2] Group 3: Technological Solutions for Low Carbon and High Yield - A combination of technologies, including irrigation optimization, fertilizer management, and variety selection, is essential for achieving low carbon and high yield in rice cultivation [3] - A four-year trial demonstrated that a combination of controlled irrigation, efficient nitrogen-reducing fertilizers, and straw incorporation can reduce methane emissions by 15% to 26% without affecting yields [3]

Core Insights - Daphne Technology focuses on methane reduction technology using non-thermal plasma (NTP) and methane oxidation catalysts (MOC) to effectively reduce methane emissions from industrial and maritime gas engines [7][8] - The company has developed plug-and-play conversion purification equipment that can significantly decrease methane emissions, providing real-time emission data to enhance operational efficiency and regulatory compliance [7][8] Company Overview - Founded in 2017, Daphne Technology is a spin-off from the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, established by Mario Michan, who holds a PhD in Physics from the University of British Columbia [2] - The company has received investments from major players such as Shell Ventures and Saudi Aramco Energy Ventures, and has subsidiaries in Norway and the USA [9][10] Technology and Innovation - Daphne's technology can reduce methane emissions by up to 99% and is compatible with various engine types, including those with lower exhaust temperatures, without affecting engine performance [7][8] - The company’s software allows for real-time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions, achieving high accuracy in measuring CO2 and methane emissions [9] Market Position and Recognition - Daphne Technology was listed in the 2024 TOP100 Swiss Startups, highlighting its status as one of the most innovative and market-potential companies in Switzerland [12] - The company has received multiple awards and recognitions, including the Horizon 2020 EU funding and the Swiss Environment Department Award [9][12] Financial Milestones - Daphne completed a Series B funding round in October 2021, raising a total of 17 million Swiss Francs, and has secured additional funding from the U.S. Department of Energy's Methane Emission Reduction Program [10]

Core Viewpoint - The oil industry is shifting its focus towards methane emissions reduction, recognizing methane as a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and a key area for achieving carbon neutrality goals [1][3][4]. Group 1: Methane's Rising Importance - Methane is a major component of natural gas and has a heat-trapping ability 80 times greater than carbon dioxide over a 20-year period [3]. - The oil and gas sector contributes approximately 30% of global methane emissions, stemming from various stages including extraction, transportation, and refining [3]. - Historically, oil companies have been lax in managing methane emissions due to high recovery costs and lenient regulatory standards [3][4]. Group 2: Driving Forces Behind Methane Reduction - The push for methane reduction is driven by China's carbon neutrality goals, requiring the oil sector to lower emissions throughout the entire lifecycle [4]. - Market pressures are increasing, with major asset management firms like BlackRock indicating they will divest from companies with excessive methane emissions [4]. - Technological advancements, such as laser remote sensing and AI algorithms, have significantly improved methane monitoring efficiency [4][6]. Group 3: China's Proactive Approach - China is the largest crude oil importer and a significant contributor to global methane emissions, accounting for about 15% of total emissions [6]. - The Chinese government has implemented a clear roadmap for methane reduction, aiming for a reduction in emission intensity to 0.15% by 2025 and 0.1% by 2030 [6][7]. - Companies like Sinopec and PetroChina have established over 50 methane recovery systems, showcasing practical applications of advanced technologies [6][7]. Group 4: Challenges and Opportunities - Key challenges include technological limitations in precise methane detection and resource utilization, as well as balancing economic growth with emission reduction [8]. - The competitive landscape is intensifying, with Western oil giants also investing heavily in methane reduction technologies [8]. - However, China's large market and complete industrial chain present unique opportunities for rapid advancement in methane reduction efforts [8][9]. Group 5: Implications for Energy Transition - The shift from neglecting methane to actively pursuing its reduction reflects a broader transformation in China's energy sector, emphasizing quality over quantity [9]. - China's methane reduction initiatives serve as a model for balancing development and emission reduction in emerging economies [9]. - The ultimate goal is to turn every methane leak into a resource and every emission into a driver for green transformation, positioning China as a leader in the global green revolution [9].

Core Insights - The IEA's report highlights that global methane emissions in the energy sector have not peaked yet, with significant challenges in enforcement and high emissions from abandoned mines [1][2] - China's methane emissions intensity from oil and gas is below the global average, while coal methane emissions intensity is on par with global levels, indicating notable achievements in methane control [1][2] Global Methane Emissions - Methane emissions from the fossil fuel sector contribute approximately one-third of human-induced methane emissions, with annual emissions exceeding 120 million tons [2] - The IEA estimates that reported methane emissions from the energy sector are about 80% higher than the data submitted by countries to the UNFCCC, primarily due to a lack of actual measurement data [2] Methane Control Initiatives - As of the end of 2024, 159 countries, including the EU, have joined the Global Methane Pledge, covering 50% of global methane emissions from human activities [2] - Despite the commitments, many countries have not implemented substantial control measures, with only half having detailed regulatory frameworks [2] Abandoned Mine Emissions - Methane emissions from abandoned mines are underestimated, accounting for about 5% of global methane emissions from energy activities, with around 8 million abandoned oil and gas wells globally [3] - China accounts for approximately 60% of global methane emissions from abandoned coal mines, while the U.S. contributes about 40% from abandoned oil and gas wells [3] Impact on China's Energy Consumption - The EU is seeking to establish regulations for methane emissions from imported energy, which could reshape the energy trade system [4] - By 2030, fossil fuel importers must demonstrate compliance with EU-set methane intensity limits, impacting China's energy import costs and strategies [4] China's Methane Emissions from Imports - China's implicit methane emissions from imported energy are significant, with approximately 10 million tons attributed to imports, surpassing levels from the EU, Japan, and South Korea [5] - The majority of these emissions stem from oil and gas imports from Russia and the Middle East [5] Recommendations for Methane Control in China - A systematic assessment of international methane control regulations' impact on China's energy trade is recommended, focusing on tracking the implementation of methane emission standards by major trading partners [6] - Establishing a methane emissions accounting system for imported energy is suggested, including a database covering extraction, processing, and transportation stages [6] - Initiating a national survey on methane emissions from abandoned mines is advised, with a focus on monitoring and remediation responsibilities [6]

Group 1: China's Role in Global Energy Transition - China plays a crucial role in the global energy transition as a leading provider of solar panels and battery technologies, holding the largest market share in these technologies [1][19] - The country has consistently exceeded its renewable energy targets, achieving a 1,200 GW installed capacity goal originally set for 2030 by 2024, showcasing rapid progress in clean energy deployment [1][17] - If current emission reduction momentum is maintained, China may achieve its carbon peak target 3-5 years ahead of schedule [1][18] Group 2: Global Climate Goals and Technological Advancements - Despite potential impacts from U.S. policy changes, global deployment of solar and wind energy continues to accelerate, with significant cost reductions in renewable energy technologies [2][3] - Achieving the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global warming to 1.5°C remains feasible, contingent on rapid advancements in energy transition technologies [4][5] - Key tasks in the energy transition include decarbonizing the power system, electrification, and addressing residual emissions, with the power system decarbonization being critical [2][4] Group 3: Investment and Market Dynamics - Global investments in solar, wind, and battery technologies remain robust, with nearly $1 trillion still flowing into these sectors despite some slowdown [6][7] - The oil demand is expected to peak in the early 2030s, driven by the acceleration of vehicle electrification and declining oil consumption in power generation and residential heating [10][13] - Natural gas, particularly LNG, is positioned to play a key transitional role in the energy structure, especially as a cleaner alternative to coal [14] Group 4: Belt and Road Initiative and Energy Cooperation - The Belt and Road Initiative is expected to prioritize solar and battery storage projects, providing transformative opportunities for regions like Africa to bypass traditional fossil fuel infrastructure [2][20] - Distributed "photovoltaic + storage" systems can offer sustainable and cost-effective energy solutions for areas lacking local fossil fuel resources, reinforcing China's position as a leading supplier of clean energy technology [20]

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 Methane Conference in Beijing emphasizes the importance of global methane reduction efforts, focusing on innovation and cooperation to accelerate progress in methane governance [1][3]. Group 1: China's Methane Reduction Efforts - China has made significant progress in methane reduction across various sectors, including energy, agriculture, and waste management, with a focus on coal mine gas utilization and zero landfill initiatives in several provinces [3]. - The "14th Five-Year Plan" has initiated comprehensive strategies for methane reduction, emphasizing monitoring, public awareness, and the synergy between methane reduction, energy security, and ecological protection [3]. - The urgency of methane control is highlighted due to its strong short-term warming effect, which is crucial for quickly mitigating climate change [3]. Group 2: International Cooperation and Innovation - International collaboration is essential for advancing methane reduction, with calls for innovation in technology, data, and regulatory frameworks [4]. - The oil and gas sector is identified as the most cost-effective area for methane reduction, with 60% of emissions potentially addressed using existing technologies without additional costs [4]. - Agricultural practices, such as feed improvement and manure resource utilization, can achieve both emission reductions and increased farmer income [4]. Group 3: Financing and Standards for Methane Reduction - The conference highlighted the role of market mechanisms in driving methane reduction, with a focus on developing methane financing tools and integrating green finance standards [5]. - The need for global data sharing and standard recognition in methane monitoring is emphasized as a key area for future collaboration [5]. - The year 2025 marks a critical phase for methane governance, with the potential for enhanced international cooperation and innovative market tools to support methane reduction efforts [5].

Core Points - China is set to announce a comprehensive 2035 national contribution target covering all greenhouse gases, including methane, ahead of the UN Climate Change Conference [2] - Significant progress has been made in methane emission control in China, particularly in the coal sector, with improvements in emission standards and the introduction of market mechanisms [2][4] - The establishment of an integrated monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) system for methane emissions is a key focus for future development [7] Policy Developments - The "National Greenhouse Gas Emission Factor Database" was launched in January 2025, expanding the range of greenhouse gases monitored [4] - The number of methane reduction technologies in the "National Key Low-Carbon Technology Promotion Catalog" increased from 1 to 4, indicating a significant enhancement in available technologies [4] Emission Standards - New coalbed methane emission standards prohibit emissions from coal mines with methane concentrations above 8% and extraction rates above 10 cubic meters per minute, a significant tightening from the previous standard of 30% [5] - The implementation of these standards is expected to reduce methane emissions by approximately 50 million tons of CO2 equivalent annually [5] Sectoral Insights - In 2021, China's total methane emissions were approximately 60.645 million tons, with energy activities and agriculture being the primary sources, accounting for 86.5% of emissions [6] - The waste management sector has seen a decline in methane emissions due to changes in waste treatment methods [6] Technological Advancements - The development of a comprehensive MRV system is crucial for effective methane emission control, incorporating ground monitoring, drone, and satellite remote sensing technologies [7][8] - Satellite remote sensing has rapidly advanced, with various countries deploying satellites for methane monitoring, and China aims to enhance its capabilities in this area [8] Market Opportunities - The ongoing improvement of the national carbon market is expected to provide new profit growth points for methane resource utilization companies, promoting emission control and resource utilization [5]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant increase in atmospheric methane concentrations since the Industrial Revolution and highlights recent research on the seasonal amplitude of methane, revealing contrasting trends in different geographical regions and their implications for global methane budgets [1][3]. Group 1: Research Findings - A study published by a team from Peking University in the journal Nature investigates the trends in seasonal amplitude of atmospheric methane, attributing changes to variations in methane emissions and atmospheric sinks due to reactions with hydroxyl radicals (OH) [1][3]. - The research indicates that the decrease in methane concentration amplitude in the Northern Hemisphere's high latitudes is primarily due to increased natural emissions, such as from wetlands, linked to climate warming, supporting previous studies on climate feedback [3]. - In contrast, the increase in methane concentration amplitude in subtropical and tropical regions is mainly attributed to enhanced oxidation by hydroxyl radicals (OH) [3]. Group 2: Historical Context - The findings provide independent evidence for a 10±1% increase in tropospheric OH concentration since 1984, alongside a 21±1% increase in atmospheric methane sinks, indicating a significant change in methane's atmospheric behavior [3]. - A related study from December 2022 also published in Nature highlights that the accelerated growth of atmospheric methane concentrations in 2020 was driven equally by increased natural emissions from wetlands and a decrease in tropospheric OH concentration [4].

Core Viewpoint - Food waste is a significant global issue, with approximately one-third of food produced being wasted or lost each year, leading to environmental and resource costs that are often overlooked [1][2][3] Group 1: Food Loss and Waste Statistics - The global food loss from production to retail is estimated at 13.9%, and reducing this loss by 1% could yield an additional 27 million tons of food, sufficient to feed 70 million people for a year [1] - In China, the food loss rate across the entire grain supply chain is 8%, with production and harvesting accounting for 27%, storage and transportation for 33%, and consumption for 31% [1] - The loss rates for major staple crops in China are 26% for rice, 16.7% for wheat, and 18.1% for corn, with rice having the highest waste volume [1] Group 2: Environmental Impact of Food Waste - Food waste incurs significant environmental costs, including the consumption of water, fertilizers, and pesticides, as well as the emission of greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide [2] - The ecological consequences of food waste include soil degradation in Northeast China, groundwater depletion in North China, and heavy metal pollution in southern rice-growing areas [2] Group 3: Policy and Legislative Framework - Reducing food waste has become a critical strategy for ensuring food security and achieving low-carbon emissions, with the UN's 2030 agenda aiming to halve global per capita food waste at the retail and consumer levels [3] - China has enacted the Anti-Food Waste Law in 2021, becoming the fourth country globally to legislate against food waste, with 29 ministries establishing a collaborative mechanism to promote food waste reduction [3] - Despite the legislative framework, challenges remain in effective implementation, with a need for stronger government leadership and improved regulatory mechanisms to enhance policy execution [3][4] Group 4: Cultural and Systemic Challenges - The causes of food waste are complex, involving cultural practices, information asymmetry, and business consumption patterns [4] - Future efforts should focus on developing standardized menus, updating technological approaches, and shifting consumer attitudes to effectively reduce food waste [4]