Core Viewpoint - The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes is rapidly increasing, with an estimated 700 million people affected by 2045, posing a significant public health threat. Aging mechanisms are closely related to the progression of diabetes, and delaying aging may be crucial for improving diabetes and other age-related diseases [3][4]. Group 1: SGLT2 Inhibitors and Aging - Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are important anti-diabetic drugs that lower blood sugar by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the kidneys. They also enhance lipid metabolism and ketone production, potentially mimicking caloric restriction (CR) and exerting anti-aging effects [3][4]. - SGLT2i can simulate the effects of caloric restriction without the need for strict dietary control, providing a more feasible alternative for anti-aging interventions in diabetic patients [4][5]. Group 2: Clinical Study Findings - A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study published in Cell Reports Medicine revealed that the SGLT2i drug Henagliflozin can extend telomere length and may exert anti-aging effects through various pathways, including the IGF-1 system, glucose metabolism, and immune function [5][6][9]. - In the clinical trial involving 150 type 2 diabetes patients, those treated with Henagliflozin showed significant increases in telomere length, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels, and β-hydroxybutyrate levels, along with improved glucose metabolism [8][9]. - The study also indicated that Henagliflozin significantly increased granzyme B expression in cytotoxic T lymphocytes and showed trends of increased perforin expression, suggesting enhanced immune function [8][9]. Group 3: Implications and Future Research - The findings highlight the potential of SGLT2i in the anti-aging domain, with Henagliflozin receiving the highest score among nine FDA-approved drugs evaluated for anti-aging potential [6][9]. - However, there is still a lack of direct clinical data regarding the anti-aging effects of SGLT2i, indicating a need for further research in this area [6].

Core Insights - Time-restricted eating (TRE) is emerging as a significant health trend, supported by scientific research demonstrating its benefits beyond weight management, including metabolic health improvements [5][6][15]. Group 1: Research Findings on TRE - A study published in *Nature Medicine* analyzed the effects of different TRE patterns on metabolic health in 197 overweight or obese adults, revealing that the timing of eating significantly influences metabolic outcomes [8]. - The study categorized participants into four groups: control group, early TRE (eating window starts before 10 AM), late TRE (eating window starts after 1 PM), and self-selected TRE [8]. - Results indicated that early TRE showed superior benefits in reducing subcutaneous fat and lowering fasting and nighttime blood sugar levels compared to other groups [12][13]. Group 2: Specific Outcomes of TRE - Early TRE group exhibited a 5% greater reduction in subcutaneous fat compared to the control group, while late and self-selected TRE groups showed no significant changes [11]. - Fasting blood sugar levels decreased by 6 mg/dl in the early TRE group, outperforming the late and self-selected groups, which had reductions of 8 mg/dl and 5 mg/dl, respectively [12]. - Nighttime blood sugar levels dropped by 7 mg/dl in the early TRE group, significantly more than the reductions in the other groups [12]. Group 3: Implications for Personalized Diet Interventions - The findings suggest that the timing of food intake is crucial for optimizing metabolic health, with early TRE being particularly effective [13]. - The study emphasizes the need for personalized dietary interventions that consider individual preferences for eating windows to maximize health benefits [15]. - Despite the lack of significant impact on visceral fat, early TRE's effects on other health metrics highlight its potential as a safe and effective weight management strategy [15].