21世纪经济报道记者张欣 与顶尖经济学家相遇是何种体验？北京初冬的午后，中央财经大学讲堂内座无虚席，就连过道和走廊也 挤满了人。大家静候的，正是2025年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者菲利普·阿吉翁（Philippe Aghion）。这位 用"创造性破坏"重构增长理论的经济学家，即将带来一场融合学术深度与人格温度的思想盛宴。 菲利普·阿吉翁（以下简称"阿吉翁"）的名字，早已与现代增长理论紧密相连。这位1956年出生的法国 经济学家，拥有巴黎高等师范学院数学经济学博士学位、美国哈佛大学博士学位，曾先后在麻省理工学 院、哈佛大学等世界顶尖高校任教，现任欧洲工商管理学院，法兰西学院和伦敦经济学院教授。 学术生涯中，他最核心的贡献便是与彼得·豪伊特等人共创"创新驱动增长理论"，将熊彼特"创造性破 坏"概念模型化、体系化，打破了索洛模型长期垄断增长理论领域的局面，这一突破也让他斩获2025年 诺贝尔经济学奖。 出身于法国时尚品牌Chloe创始人家庭的阿吉翁，自幼便在"颠覆传统"的创新氛围中成长，母亲以简约 设计打破时尚界陈规的经历，更潜移默化地塑造了他批判性审视主流理论的学术品格。从学术殿堂的理 论构建者，到全球经济发展的建言人 ...

Core Insights - The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for 2025 was awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to understanding the mechanisms of economic growth driven by technological innovation and creative destruction [1][2]. Group 1: Contributions of Awardees - Joel Mokyr received half of the prize for elucidating the necessary conditions for sustained growth driven by technological progress, emphasizing the interconnection of science and technology, the presence of skilled craftsmen and engineers, and societal acceptance of change [2][3]. - Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt shared the other half for developing a mathematical model of creative destruction, which complements Mokyr's historical analysis by clarifying the forces behind this process and the policies needed to sustain it [3][6]. Group 2: Historical Context and Economic Growth - Economic growth has been limited for most of human history, with significant changes occurring only in the last 200 years, particularly since 1820, when sustained growth began to replace stagnation [3][6]. - The period from 1000 to 1820 saw an average global GDP growth rate of less than 0.05% per year, while from 1820 to 1870, this rate increased to 0.5%, and from 1950 to 1973, it reached 3% to 4% [6][8]. Group 3: The Role of Institutions and Competition - The emergence of sustained economic growth in Europe, particularly in England, was influenced by the protection of property rights and the competitive environment that encouraged innovation [26][27]. - The lack of competition in regions like China hindered economic progress, as political control stifled innovation and the ability for new ideas to flourish [24][25]. Group 4: Implications for Future Growth - The ongoing advancements in artificial intelligence and automation present potential for a new wave of economic growth, but the current limitations in labor supply and institutional frameworks may impede this potential [28].

Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to the understanding of innovation-driven economic growth [1] Group 1: Contributions to Economic Theory - Aghion and Howitt emphasized that technology is the most crucial intermediate product in economic production, and without it, production cannot occur [2] - Entrepreneurs provide the necessary technology, and once an entrepreneur possesses leading technology, they gain market power and can achieve excess profits [2] - The concept of "creative destruction," introduced by Joseph Schumpeter, is central to their work, illustrating how new technologies replace old ones, leading to economic transformation [2] Group 2: Aghion's Academic Background - Aghion has a notable academic career, having taught at Harvard University before returning to France to teach at the Paris School of Economics after his mother's passing [2] - His research is closely linked to societal realities, addressing why economies grow and societies progress [2] Group 3: Gaby Aghion's Influence - Gaby Aghion, founder of the luxury brand Chloé, aimed to liberate women's fashion from rigid designs, promoting clothing that fits women's natural body shapes [3] - Her innovative approach in fashion has inspired many designers, including Karl Lagerfeld, showcasing the impact of creative destruction in the fashion industry [3]