自从俄乌冲突爆发以来，全球能源市场发生了巨大的变化。美国不断对俄罗斯能源产业实施制裁，并努 力说服其他国家减少从俄罗斯进口石油，试图削弱俄罗斯的主要财政来源——能源出口。然而，在西方 主导的这一"能源围堵"行动中，印度的立场格外引人注目。印度不仅没有减少从俄罗斯的石油采购，反 而迅速将俄罗斯提升为其最大原油供应国。即便美国对印度征收了25%的惩罚性关税，印度依然坚定地 维持与俄罗斯的能源合作。 那么，为什么美国的制裁在印度面前难以奏效？是什么支撑着印度在面对美国的外交和经济压力时，依 然坚持从俄罗斯购买石油？ 在考底利耶经济论坛上，印度外长苏杰生公开回应称，印美两国在贸易问题上存在显著分歧。他对美国 征收25%高额关税、干涉印度从俄罗斯购买能源表示强烈不满，并称这一做法"不公正"，实质上是无理 施压。苏杰生的言论并非情绪化，而是针对美国一系列针对印度的贸易限制措施的直接回应。此前，由 于印美未能达成自由贸易协议，美国已对部分印度商品征收25%的关税。 对印度来说，确保能源供应的稳定性至关重要，因为它直接关系到经济增长和社会稳定。在全球油价剧 烈波动的背景下，俄罗斯的石油不仅供应稳定，而且价格具有明显竞争优势。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent trade conflict between the US and Japan has led to a significant shift in Japan's diplomatic stance, moving from a historically compliant position to a more assertive approach, particularly in its relations with China [1][6][20]. Trade Conflict - In July, the US imposed tariffs on Japan, prompting President Trump to criticize Japan's protectionist policies in the automotive and rice industries, claiming they harmed US interests [3][5]. - Japan, traditionally a loyal ally of the US, was caught off guard by this aggressive move, leading to a strong response from Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba, who declared Japan would not compromise [6][8]. Japan's Countermeasures - Japan possesses significant leverage in the form of US Treasury holdings, amounting to $1.103 trillion as of April 2025, which could impact US fiscal stability if Japan decided to sell these bonds [10]. - Japan's control over rare earth elements, crucial for modern industries, serves as another bargaining chip, as limiting exports could severely disrupt US high-tech sectors [12]. - Major Japanese companies like Toyota have substantial operations in the US, and any withdrawal could have detrimental effects on the US economy, creating a potential counterweight to US tariffs [14]. Diplomatic Shift - Japanese Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi's meeting with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi highlighted Japan's commitment to addressing historical issues and its stance on Taiwan, signaling a potential shift towards a more independent foreign policy [15][18]. - This change in Japan's diplomatic approach suggests a move away from strict alignment with US interests, as Japan seeks to establish a more balanced relationship with China [20][24]. - The evolving situation indicates Japan's recognition of the need to diversify its economic dependencies and explore new opportunities in Asian markets, particularly China [24].