近日，生态环境部就《环境空气质量标准（征求意见稿）》（修订GB 3095—2012）及其配套技术规范 等3项生态环境标准公开征求意见。大气污染防治攻关联合中心邀请院士专家，围绕《环境空气质量标 准》修订的背景和必要性开展专题解读。 1 现行《环境空气质量标准》（GB 3095—2012）的实施，取得了哪些成效？ 解读专家：刘炳江 生态环境部原总工程师 答：一是为了进一步保障人民群众身体健康。国内外越来越多的研究显示，以PM2.5为代表的空气污染 物对人体健康存在显著影响。除PM2.5外，PM10、SO2、NO2等污染暴露也会带来健康风险。因此，基 于《环境空气质量标准》保障公众健康的宗旨，需要通过修订标准，进一步保障人民群众身体健康。 二是为了支撑美丽中国建设目标如期实现。《中共中央 国务院关于全面推进美丽中国建设的意见》指 出，到2027年全国PM2.5平均浓度下降到28微克/立方米以下，到2035年进一步降至25微克/立方米以 下。党的二十届四中全会将美丽中国建设取得新的重大进展作为"十五五"时期经济社会发展的主要目标 之一。虽然近年来全国空气质量显著改善，2024年74%的地级及以上城市PM2.5年均浓 ...

生态环境部近期发布的《环境空气质量标准(征求意见稿)》，收严了PM2.5等多项污染物浓度限值。收 严标准是否会对经济社会发展产生不利影响？这一标准与发达国家和地区相比如何？生态环境部新闻发 言人裴晓菲26日进行了回应。 在生态环境部当天举行的新闻发布会上，裴晓菲介绍，现行环境空气质量标准2012年发布。从实践经验 看，标准修订不仅极大地改善了全国空气质量，而且对经济高质量发展发挥了积极的促进作用。与2015 年相比，十年来全国PM2.5平均浓度下降了36%，重污染天数减少了68%，但国内生产总值上升63%、 汽车保有量增长111%。 他介绍，通过实施相对严格的空气质量标准，引领我国大气污染防治工作实现了四个转变：由污染物排 放总量控制向空气质量改善转变、由单一污染物向多污染物协同控制转变、由工业源向多种污染源综合 治理转变、由局地污染控制向区域联防联控转变。 近年来，美国、欧盟、日本、韩国等多个国家和地区分别修订了PM2.5浓度限值，比如2024年美国环保 署将PM2.5年均值从12微克/立方米收紧到9微克/立方米，与之相比，我国的PM2.5年均浓度二级限值仍 偏宽松。 根据征求意见稿，本次修订将PM2.5年 ...

南都讯 记者王玮 发自北京 近期，生态环境部发布了《环境空气质量标准（征求意见稿）》，加严了 PM2.5和PM10、SO2、NO2等污染物浓度限值。当前我国正着力推动经济高质量发展，加严标准是否会 对经济社会发展及民生福祉改善产生不利影响？ 12月26日，生态环境部召开12月例行新闻发布会，生态环境部新闻发言人裴晓菲回应称，从实践经验 看，环境空气质量标准修订不仅极大地改善了全国空气质量，而且对经济高质量发展发挥了积极的促进 作用。 裴晓菲表示，通过实施相对严格的空气质量标准，我国引领大气污染防治工作实现了四个战略性转变： 由污染物排放总量控制向空气质量改善转变、由单一污染物向多污染物协同控制转变、由工业源向多种 污染源综合治理转变、由局地污染控制向区域联防联控转变。国内外经验表明，相对严格的标准，不仅 引领空气质量改善，更好保护人民群众身体健康，也为经济发展注入绿色动能，推动经济社会高质量发 展。 从实施方式看，裴晓菲表示，标准修订对经济社会发展及民生福祉改善的正面推动作用更加明显。首 先，与污染物排放标准相比，空气质量标准侧重目标引领和战略导向，对企业生产活动的直接影响相对 有限。其次，空气质量达标是一个 ...

从长期来看，加严标准不但有助于推动PM2.5浓度的进一步降低，促进空气质量改善，有效减少心血管 疾病、呼吸系统疾病的急性发病和住院风险，带来显著的公共健康收益，增进民生福祉；而且能够有效 带动新能源汽车、清洁能源等新质生产力的培育与发展，促进冶金、建材、石化等行业先进工艺的推广 使用，推动产业、能源、交通运输结构绿色低碳转型，促进经济社会高质量发展。 裴晓菲：感谢您的提问。你的问题让我想起了2012年现行标准发布时的情景，当时大家就关心两个问 题：什么时候能达标，汽车等行业能承受得了吗？从实践经验看，标准修订不仅极大地改善了全国空气 质量，而且对经济高质量发展发挥了积极的促进作用。与2015年相比，十年来全国PM2.5平均浓度下降 了36%，重污染天数减少了68%，但国内生产总值上升63%、汽车保有量增长111%。通过实施相对严格 的空气质量标准，我国引领大气污染防治工作实现了四个战略性转变：由污染物排放总量控制向空气质 量改善转变、由单一污染物向多污染物协同控制转变、由工业源向多种污染源综合治理转变、由局地污 染控制向区域联防联控转变。国内外经验表明，相对严格的标准，不仅引领空气质量改善，更好保护人 民群众 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment is seeking public opinion on the draft revision of the "Ambient Air Quality Standards" (GB 3095—2012), which aims to further improve air quality and public health in China [1] Group 1: Health Benefits of New Standards - The implementation of the new standards is expected to lead to significant health benefits, with PM2.5 concentration reductions potentially saving approximately 1% of GDP in medical expenses from 2013 to 2017, and around 0.6% of GDP from 2018 to 2020 [2] - A reduction in PM2.5 annual average concentration from 35 µg/m³ to 25 µg/m³ could decrease the all-cause mortality risk related to air pollution by about one-third, providing substantial public health benefits [2] - The health benefits of the new standards are closely linked to the aging population in China, which necessitates the revision of air quality standards and collaborative governance of various air pollutants to alleviate disease burden [2] Group 2: Improvement of Public Welfare - The revision of the air quality standards is crucial for enhancing public welfare during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, contributing to the construction of a beautiful China and promoting high-quality economic and social development [3] - Continuous improvement in air quality is expected to extend the average life expectancy of citizens, reduce medical expenses, and enhance public satisfaction with the environment [3] Group 3: Synergistic Effects on Pollution Reduction and Carbon Emission - Achieving the goal of reducing the national average PM2.5 concentration to below 25 µg/m³ by 2035 requires a 20% to 30% reduction in major pollutant emissions, including a 21% to 28% reduction in primary PM2.5, SO2, NOx, and VOCs [4] - Systematic emission reductions and collaborative governance across energy, industry, and transportation sectors are essential for successful implementation of air quality improvement strategies [4] - Specific measures include optimizing energy structure, enhancing heating and energy use systems, upgrading industrial structures, and promoting cleaner transportation [4] Group 4: Economic Returns on Investment - The benefits of implementing the new standards are estimated to be about ten times the investment in pollution control, with a cost-benefit ratio of approximately 1:10 [5] - Measures such as promoting eco-friendly solvents and improving vehicle fuel efficiency, while initially costly, are expected to foster green and low-carbon industrial transformation [5] - The pollution reduction measures are projected to achieve annual CO2 reductions of approximately 600 million to 800 million tons, with cumulative reductions exceeding 7 billion tons from 2026 to 2035 [5]

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment has released a draft for public consultation on the revised "Ambient Air Quality Standards," which aims to tighten concentration limits for particulate matter and gases like sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) [1][7]. Group 1: Reasons for Revising Air Quality Standards - The current standards have led to significant improvements in air quality, with PM2.5 annual average concentration decreasing by 36% from 2015 to 2024, and the number of heavily polluted days reduced by 68% [2][8]. - The revision aims to further protect public health, as PM2.5 remains the most harmful air pollutant according to the World Health Organization (WHO) [2][8]. - The revision supports the "Beautiful China" initiative, which targets an average PM2.5 concentration of below 25 micrograms per cubic meter by 2035, addressing the gap where nearly half of the compliant cities still exceed this limit [2][8][9]. Group 2: Key Changes in the Standards - The revised standards will tighten the PM2.5 annual average and daily average secondary limits to 25 micrograms per cubic meter and 50 micrograms per cubic meter, respectively [4][10]. - PM10 annual and daily average secondary limits will also be tightened to 50 micrograms per cubic meter and 100 micrograms per cubic meter [4][10]. - The revision includes stricter limits for sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, while ozone and carbon monoxide limits will remain unchanged [11]. Group 3: Implementation of the Revised Standards - The revised standards will be implemented in two phases: the first phase (2026-2030) will introduce transitional limits of 30 micrograms per cubic meter for PM2.5 annual average and 60 micrograms per cubic meter for daily average [5][12]. - The second phase, starting in 2031, will fully enforce the revised limits for particulate matter and gases [5][12]. - The transitional limits are designed to allow for a smooth implementation and to reduce short-term pressures on economic and social development [6][12].

近日，生态环境部就《环境空气质量标准（征求意见稿）》（修订GB 3095—2012）及其配套技术规范 等3项国家生态环境标准公开征求意见。本次标准修订主要收严了颗粒物以及二氧化硫（SO2）、二氧 化氮（NO2）等的浓度限值。这意味着，我国有望迎来更加严格的环境空气质量标准，以进一步发挥标 准对改善空气质量的引领作用，更好保障公众健康。 为什么要修订环境空气质量标准？ 生态环境部大气环境司有关负责人介绍，现行标准实施以来，我国环境空气质量显著改善。2015年至 2024年，我国PM2.5年均浓度下降36%，重污染天数减少68%，PM2.5年均浓度达标城市达到252个，成 为全球空气质量改善速度最快的国家之一。 这位负责人表示，党的二十届四中全会将"美丽中国建设取得新的重大进展"作为"十五五"时期经济社会 发展的主要目标之一。随着空气质量持续改善，为了进一步增强人民群众的蓝天获得感和幸福感，有必 要对标准进行修订。 一是进一步保障人民群众身体健康。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）最新研究成果，PM2.5仍然是对人体 健康影响最大的大气污染物。我国有关研究也显示，长期和短期PM2.5污染暴露均对人体健康造成不利 影响。因 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment has released a draft for public consultation on the revised "Ambient Air Quality Standards" which aims to tighten concentration limits for particulate matter and gases like sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), indicating a move towards stricter air quality standards in China to better protect public health [1][2]. Group 1: Reasons for Revising Air Quality Standards - The current standards have led to significant improvements in air quality, with PM2.5 annual average concentration decreasing by 36% and heavy pollution days reduced by 68% from 2015 to 2024 [2]. - The revision is necessary to enhance public health protection, as PM2.5 remains the most harmful air pollutant according to WHO research [2][3]. - The revision supports the goal of achieving an average PM2.5 concentration of below 25 micrograms per cubic meter by 2035, as part of the "Beautiful China" initiative [2][3]. Group 2: Key Changes in the Revised Standards - The revised standards will tighten the secondary limits for PM2.5 annual and daily concentrations to 25 micrograms per cubic meter and 50 micrograms per cubic meter, respectively [4]. - PM10 annual and daily secondary limits will also be tightened to 50 micrograms per cubic meter and 100 micrograms per cubic meter [4]. - The concentration limits for sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide will be tightened, while limits for ozone and carbon monoxide will remain unchanged [4]. Group 3: Implementation Phases of the Revised Standards - The revised standards will be implemented in two phases: the first phase from 2026 to 2030 will introduce transitional limits for PM2.5 and PM10 [5]. - From 2031 onwards, the revised limits for particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide will be fully enforced [6]. - The transitional limits are designed to allow for a smooth implementation of the new standards, reducing short-term economic pressures while aiming for improved air quality [6].

现行《环境空气质量标准》（GB 3095—2012）的实施，取得了哪些成效？ 生态环境部原总工程师刘炳江：现行《环境空气质量标准》（GB 3095—2012）的实施，有力引领了我 国环境空气质量的显著改善，减轻了空气污染的健康危害。现行标准于2012年发布，首次增加了PM2.5 浓度限值；结合2013年发布的《大气污染防治行动计划》，标志着我国大气污染防治工作进入空气质量 管理的新阶段。2015年—2024年，全国主要环境空气污染物浓度大幅下降。其中，PM2.5年均浓度从46 微克/立方米下降至29.3微克/立方米，降幅达36%；可吸入颗粒物（PM10）、二氧化硫（SO2）、二氧 化氮（NO2）、一氧化碳（CO）浓度降幅均超过25%。其中，SO2年均浓度从23微克/立方米降至8微克/ 立方米，降幅高达65%。截至2024年，全国环境空气质量达标的地级及以上城市数为222个，占全部城 市数的65.5%，创历史新高。同时，"十四五"期间我国克服全球变暖背景下臭氧（O3）本底浓度上升的 不利因素，积极推动前体物减排，协同控制PM2.5和O3污染，遏制了O3浓度增长的趋势。污染物浓度的 持续降低，有效减轻了空气污染对 ...

Core Insights - The 2025 China Blue Sky Observation Forum was held in Beijing, focusing on the theme "Continuous Improvement of Air Quality: Standards Lead, Health Driven" [1] - The forum released a series of research reports in collaboration with Tsinghua University and Peking University, analyzing the revision of China's air quality standards and its economic impacts [1][2] - The proposed new air quality standard limit of 25μg/m3 for PM2.5 aims to enhance health benefits and drive continuous improvement in air quality [1] Group 1 - The report "Analysis of the Path to Achieve Revised Environmental Air Quality Standards" outlines scenario target values and phased recommendations for revising air quality standards, establishing achievable paths for compliance [1] - The report emphasizes the need for upgrading standards in line with ongoing air quality improvements and reduction measures [1] - The research highlights the synergistic benefits of pollution reduction and carbon emission cuts, along with health benefits associated with the new standards [1] Group 2 - The economic impact assessment report utilizes a computable general equilibrium model to evaluate the macroeconomic effects and cost-benefit analysis of four standard revision scenarios for 2030 and 2035 [2] - Following the WHO's updated global air quality guidelines, the U.S. and EU are set to revise their air quality standards in 2024, tightening PM2.5 annual concentration limits to 9μg/m3 and 10μg/m3 respectively [2] - The study analyzes the triggers, institutional and decision-making processes, scientific evaluation frameworks, and cost-benefit assessments of the U.S. and EU practices, providing valuable insights for China and other countries [2]